Evaluation of Anti-biofilm Potential of Biosurfactant Extracted from Nocardia Species

Introduction: Bacterial natural products such as biosurfactants and surface-active agents are important compounds which exhibit many applications in the fields of medicine.Aim: The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify Nocardia strains with high biosurfactant production and antibiofilm ability.Materials and methods: In the present study, a biosurfactant producing Nocardia species was isolated and identified by a laboratory method. Nocardia species were initially screened and then tested for their ability to produce biosurfactant. The oil spreading test and the surface tension measurements showed that one strain was a biosurfactant producer. The strain with the best surface activity results was selected for further studies and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and compositional analysis proved a biosurfactant structure.Results: Oil spreading test and blue agar plate test confirmed biosurfactants and extracellular anionic glycolipids. E24% assay using olive oil revealed strong emulsifying characteristic of the extracted biosurfactant with 100% emulsifying strength. FTIR spectrum indicated the presence of aliphatic hydrocarbon chain (lipid) along with the polysaccharide portion, confirming the glycolipid nature of the biosurfactant. The stability of the biosurfactant produced in different conditions was significant. Increasing concentration of BS significantly inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm.Conclusions: N. coubleae can be a representative of the genus Nocardia for the production of biosurfactants with beneficial physicochemical properties.

Plume spreading test case for coastal ocean models

We present a test case of river plume spreading to evaluate numerical methods used in coastal ocean modeling. The main characteristics of the plume dynamics are predicted analytically, but are difficult to reproduce numerically because of numerical mixing present in the models. Our test case reveals the level of numerical mixing as well as the ability of models to reproduce nonlinear processes and frontal zone dynamics. We propose an analysis of simulated plume spreading which may be useful in more general studies of plume dynamics. The major result of our comparative study is that accuracy in reproducing the analytical solution depends less on the type of applied model architecture or numerical grid than it does on the type of advection scheme.

Formulation and Physical Characterization of Onion (Allium ascalonicum L) Bulb Extract in Cream Using Tween 80 and Span 60 as the Emulgator

In Indonesia, it is not uncommon to find children who suffer from fever which can occur due to the change of weather from the rainy season during the dry season or vice versa. Communities in rural areas generally use onion (Allium ascalonicum L) to relieve fever in children. Cream preparations are made by varying the concentration of the emulgator to determine the effect of different concentrations of the emulgator on the physical characteristics of the cream preparation. The emulgator used is tween 80 and span 60 with a concentration of Formula 1: 3.5%, Formula 2: 3.75%, formula 3: 4%. Physical evaluations carried out in this study were organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, cream washability, cream type, viscosity, spreadability, adhesion, and freeze-thaw tests. The results of the study it can be concluded that the differences in the concentration of the emulgator can affect the physical characteristics of the cream preparation, namely in the spreading test and the adhesion test shows that F3 (4%) can reduce the spreadability of the cream preparation but can be attached to a long time when compared to F1 (3.5%) and F2 (3.75%). The physically optimal cream preparation formula is F1 and F2 because it meets all the requirements in the evaluation test. Keywords: Cream, onion, emulgator, physical characteristics

Isolation and identification of the same type LMG1242 of biosurfactant-producing strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from different oil contaminated soils

Emulsification is a major rate limiting step in any biological conversion of heavy hydrocarbons. Here, thirty bacterial strains were isolated from seven native consortia and screened for biosurfactant-producing activities which could enhance emulsification of heavy oils. The consortia were obtained by sampling from oil contaminated soils of different petroleum refineries of Iran. The oil spreading test, drop collapse test, emulsification index (E24) and surface tension measurements were used to evaluate the biosurfactant producing activities of the strains. A total number of 5 strains out of 30 were finally selected as the best biosurfactant-producing bacteria. The clear zone diameters in their oil spreading test were 4 to 5 cm, and E24 were 48 to 92%. The selected strains also properly lowered the surface tensions of the supernatants to 23.5-32 mN/m when grown on heavy diesel. All the selected strains were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis as Pseudomonas aeruginosa LMG1242 (99.9% homology) which is a newly isolated type in oil polluted soils. The results suggest P. aeruginosa LMG1242 as a predominant and highly active biosurfactant producing bacterium which could be further evaluated in petroleum bioremediation and bioprocessing applications.

Effect of Aluminum Addition on the Microstructure and Properties of Non-Eutectic Sn-20Bi Solder Alloys

This study investigates the effect of aluminum (Al) on the microstructure, micro-hardness, and wettability of environmentally friendly Sn-20Bi-xAl (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 (wt.%)) solder alloys. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were used to identify the microstructure morphology and composition. The spreading area and contact angle of the Sn-20Bi-xAl alloys on Cu substrates were used to measure the wettability of solder alloys. The results indicate that Al increased the hardness to a maximum value of ~27.1 HV for x = 0.5. When the content of Al was more than 0.3 wt.%, the hardness change value gradually flattened. From the spreading test results, Al reduced the wettability of solder alloys. When the content of Al was 0.1 wt.%, the change was slight. When more than 0.3 wt.%, the wettability of Sn-20Bi-xAl solder alloys sharply dropped. The corrosion resistance of Sn-20Bi-0.1Al alloy was the best, and the corrosion rate was at the lowest value at 0.092 mm/a due to the dense corrosion products.

PENGARUH BASIS SALEP HIDROKARBON DAN BASIS SALEP SERAP TERHADAP FORMULASI SALEP SARANG BURUNG WALET PUTIH (Aerodramus fuciphagus)

Swiftlet nest is edible bird’s nest (EBN). Edible bird’s nest contain EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) that has a role in skin cell regeneration. This research aims to find out the effect of the hydrocarbon and absorption bases on the edible bird’s nest ointment (Aerodramus fuciphagus) from the physical character of each ointment. The edible bird’s nest ointment made into two formula with hydrocarbonand absorption bases. Each ointment tested of the physical characteristics include organoleptic test, homogenity test, pH test, spreading test, sticky test, and viscosity test. The data obtained was analyzed statistically using T Independent Test. The result showed that there was affect the hydrocarbon and absorption bases to the physical characteristics of edible bird’s nest ointment include spreadability (P 0,011), sticky (P 0,020), and viscosity, but there was not affect to organoleptic, homogenity and pH of edible white bird’s nest ointment (Aerodramus fuciphagus).

FORMULASI DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN MASKER WAJAH GEL PEEL OFF EKSTRAK METANOL BUAH PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.)

FORMULASI DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN MASKER WAJAH GEL PEEL OFF EKSTRAK METANOL BUAH PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.)Liza Pratiwi1), Sri Wahdaningsih1)1) Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianakemail : [email protected]/085643182838ABSTRACTGel peel off facial mask is one of the alternative dosage that can improve the comfort to use and is expected to increase antioxidant activity from papaya fruit. Papaya has antioxidant activity due to antioxidant components such as beta-carotene, vitamin C, lycopene. The purpose of this research is to know that methanol extract of papaya fruit can be formulated into gel peel off facial mask preparation, determining polivinyl alkohol (PVA) that used for gelling agent gel peel off facial mask concentration with physical, chemical, and antioxidant activity with the best IC50 value. The method used in the extraction is maceration with methanol solvent. PVA used with concentration are 2,5%; 8,75%; and 17,5%. The Physical test include organoleptic test, adhesion test, spreading test and the chemical test with pH test. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that the methanol extract of papaya fruit can be formulated into gel face mask preparation, the formula with PVA concentration of 8,75% fulfill organoleptic rules, with adhesion test 20,16 seconds ± 2,90, spreading test 10,2 cm ± 1,28, pH value 7,13 ± 0,06 with the physical and chemical properties of gel peel off facial mask methanol extract of papaya fruit, and formula with concentration 8,75% PVA has the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value 80,52 µg/mL that include as strong antioxidant. Keywords: gel peel off facial mask, methanol extract of papaya fruit, PVA, IC50.ABSTRAKMasker gel peel off merupakan salah satu alternatif sediaan yang dapat meningkatkan kenyamanan penggunaan dan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan buah pepaya. Pepaya memiliki aktivitas antioksidan karena komponen-komponen antioksidan seperti betakaroten, vitamin C, likopen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bahwa ekstrak metanol buah pepaya dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan masker wajah gel peel off dan menentukan konsentrasi polivinyl alkohol (PVA) yang merupakan bahan dasar masker gel peel off yang memiliki sifat fisik, kimia, dan aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 terbaik. Metode yang digunakan pada ekstraksi adalah maserasi dengan pelarut metanol. PVA yang digunakan dengan konsentrasi 2,5%; 8,75%; dan 17,5%. Uji sifat fisik meliputi uji organoleptis, uji daya lekat, uji daya sebar, dan uji sifat kimia menggunakan uji pH. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh hasil bahwa ekstrak metanol buah pepaya dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan masker wajah gel peel off, formula dengan konsentrasi PVA 8,75% memenuhi persyaratan organoleptik, daya lekat sebesar 20,16 detik ± 2,90, daya sebar sebesar 10,2 cm ± 1,28, nilai pH 7,13 dengan nilai IC50 80,52 µg/mL yang termasuk antioksidan kuat.Kata kunci: masker wajah gel peel off, ekstak metanol buah pepaya, PVA, IC50.

FORMULASI MASKER GEL PEEL OFF DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL UMBI BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherinebulbosa (Mill.) Urb. Eleutherine americana Merr)

INTISARI Umbi bawang dayak memiliki kadar antioksidan yang sangat tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan formula masker gel feel off ekstrak umbi bawang dayak yang menghasilkan pembentukan film yang baik berdasarkan hasil evaluasi fisik. Masker gel peel off dibuat dalam 3 formula dengan parameter perbedaan konsentrasi PVA. Formula 1 PVA 10 %, formula 2 12%, formula 3 PVA 13%. Proses pembuatan ekstrak dengan cara maserasi, kemudian dipekatkan dengan evaporator dan dibuat sediaan masker gel peel off dengan penambahan eksipien. Hasil uji organoleptis menunjukkan parameter aroma, warna dan tekstur tidak berbeda nyata antar formula. Hasil uji fisik menunjukkan formula 3 dengan PVA 13 % menghasilkan masker gel peel off yang paling baik dibandingkan dengan formula 1 dan 2, dengan nilai viskositas 3,833 cps, pH 6, homogeny, waktu mongering < 15 menit dan uji daya sebar 5, 815 cm. Kata kunci: bawang dayak, masker gel peel off, PVA. ABSTRACT Bawang Dayak bulbs have a very high antioxidant content. This study aims to get the mask gel feel off formula the bawang Dayak bulb extract that results in good film formation based on the results of physical evaluation. The mask gel Peel off is made in 3 formulas with different parameters of PVA concentration. Formula 1 PVA 10%, formula 2 12%, formula 3 PVA 13%. The process of preparing the extract by maceration, then concentrated with evaporator and made gel mask preparation with the addition of excipients. The results of organoleptic tests showed the parameters of aroma, color and texture were not significantly different between the formulas. Physical test results showed that formula 3 with PVA 13% yielded the best peel off gel mask compared with formula 1 and 2, with viscosity value 3,833 cps, pH 6, homogeny, mongering time <15 min and spreading test 5,515 cm. Keywords: Bawang Dayak, mask gel peel off, PVA.

Evaluasi Stabilitas Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Etanol Daun Afrika (Vernonia amygdalina Delile) dengan Basis Vanishing Cream (VC)

Daun afrika (Vernonia amygdalina) contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids that can be used for pharmacology activity: annihilate the parasites that causing schistosomiasis, malaria leishmaniasis, antiamoeba, antitumor and antimicrobials. The purposes of this research were to screen the phytochemistry of african leaf, formulate and test the stability of vanishing cream (VC) base. The methods used were sample collection, extract preparation, formulation, and stability evaluation. The results showed that extract afrika leaves had alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids. Extract of daun afrika can be made to good VC base formula including organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, spreading test, sticky test, and VC safety test by distributing questionnaires. The cream was stabil for 21 days at room temperature. Observation of physical properties good performed every week to organoleptis, pH, adhesion, and spreading power. Key words: stability, V. amygdalina, kill parasites, Vanishing Cream