Assessment of Vehicular-Induced Emissions in some Selected Areas in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

Vehicular emission is a major environmental health problem in the world today especially in developing countries including Nigeria. This study was centered on assessing the vehicular emissions pollutants such as Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S), Formaldehyde (HCHO) and Total Volatile Organic Compound (TVOC) in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. The sampling of the CO and H2S gaseous pollutants was done using H-4S gas analyzer while JCG60 gas detector was used to measure TVOC and HCHO. The meteorological parameters were measured with HTC-1 hygrometer thermometer. AQI was calculated to determine the status of the ambient air quality of the study areas. Carbon monoxide concentration obtained from the result ranges from 3.12-16.1 ppm with location C having the highest amount of 16.1 ppm which exceeds the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) standard of 10 ppm. The calculated AQI shows that the study areas are all polluted. Continuous measurement and inventory of air pollutants should be encouraged, as this will enable the policymakers to effectively implement control measures on air pollution.

Cancer in Africa: Is It a Genetic or Environmental Health Problem?

Patients of African ancestry have the poorest outcome and the shortest survival rates from cancer globally. This could be attributed to many variables including racial, biological, socioeconomic and sociocultural factors (either single, multiple or combined), which may be responsible for this major health problem. We sought to assess the most common types of cancer that endanger the health of the African people, and tried to investigate the real differences between African and other Non-African patients regarding incidence, prevalence and mortality rates of different cancers. Therefore, identifying the underlying aetiological causes responsible for the increased incidence and mortality rates of African patients will allow for changing the current plans, to make optimized modalities for proper screening, diagnosis and treatment for those African patients, in order to improve their survival and outcomes.

Environmental Health Compromised by a New Epidemic. The case of Uruguay, COVID-19

Uruguay is in South America. It has 3,286,314 inhabitants, 1.6% of which lacks comprehensive health insurance. Detected cases of COVID-19 represent 0.022% of the population, 2.6% of which has resulted in death. Mortality from this illness is 0.6% per 100,000 inhabitants, and health workers represent 14% of detected cases. The country is slowly coming out of intensified social distancing. This article reports on accumulated, recovered, and active cases. The authors also frame the causes of this zoonosis in terms of an environmental health problem, and thus a global health problem, requiring a “one health” approach. Human activity has changed natural habitats as a result of extraction activities, increased urbanization, growing populations, different cultural practices, and socio-economic conditions. This contributes to the emergence of zoonoses, particularly RNA viruses. If the cause of this phenomenon is not addressed, we will continue to face increasingly greater challenges.

Community Diagnosis Tentang Wabah Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Dusun Kedungpoh Kidul, Nglipar, Gunungkidul

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one of the diseases that is currently an environmental health problem. Cases are increasing and spreading more widely. This is coupled with the movement of mobility and population density in an area. The method used is a quantitative descriptive research study to get an overview and information about health conditions related to Dengue Fever. The results obtained are the high rate of spread of DHF in the rainy season. The conclusion of the prevalence of existing health problems is the magnitude of the DHF distribution rate of 25%.

Scaffolding Children's Participation in Schools' Environmental Health

The goal of the research reported in this chapter is to explore if children can participate in schools' environmental health, while being supported by teacher mediation and eco-sensors. Eco-sensors should be used as epistemic mediators to support children in acquiring and interpreting environmental data to suggest solutions to schools' environmental health problems. Teacher mediation can scaffold children's epistemic practices to promote children's participation in scientific inquiries, centered on environmental health problem solving. A web-based platform is used as a database and to share, in multiple representations, the data acquired and organized by children. This research includes two case studies on two environmental health problems: sound pollution and air pollution. The identification of children's epistemic practices and of teacher mediation is made using audio recordings, and pre- and post-tests are used to assess other learning results. The results showed that digital sensors and teacher mediation scaffolded children's participation in environmental health.