Roles of Organic Fragments in Redirecting Crystal/Molecular Structures of Inorganic–Organic Hybrids Based on Lacunary Keggin-Type Polyoxometalates

Lacunary polyoxometalates (LPOMs) are key precursors for the synthesis of functional POMs. To date, reviews dedicated to behavioral studies of LPOMs often comprise the role of metal ions, including transition metal (TM) and rare earth (RE) ions, in extending and stability of high-nuclearity clusters. In contrast, the role of organic ligands in the structures and properties of lacunary-based hybrids has remained less explored. In this review, we focus on the role of organic fragments in the self-assembling process of POM-based architectures and discuss relationships between the nature and structure of organic ligand and properties such as the topology of hybrid inorganic–organic material in RE and TM-RE heterometallic derivatives of lacunary Keggin-type POMs. The effects of organic fragment in mixed ligand hybrids are also briefly reviewed.

ISOTHIURONIUM SALTS CONTAINING OXYGEN OR NITROGEN ATOMS IN AN ORGANIC FRAGMENT – A NEW TYPE OF GLOSS-FORMING AGENTS IN ELECTROCHEMICAL NICKEL PLATING

Based on chlorex, bis (2-chloroethyl) disubstituted isothiuronium salts containing additional oxygen or nitrogen atoms have been synthesized for amine and thiourea. The resulting salts were studied as gloss-forming additives in the Watts electrolyte for the electrochemical production of shiny nickel coatings. The electrolysis modes that ensure the production of high-quality coatings are found.

Fragmentary organism VS. oRGANIC FRAGMENT: Reconceptualizing aesthetic principles in kleist’s der zerbrochne krug and penthesilea

Starting from the undeniable inadequacy of (poetic) language, which, as Kleist pointed out, can only provide ‘torn fragments’ without allowing fully accomplished communication, this article examines how such fragmentariness creates distinct units of meaning as part of the author’s intentionality. Kleist programmatically called his drama Penthesilea, which was published in his journal Phöbus in 1808, an ‘organic fragment’. This paradoxical term highlights an inherent contradiction: namely the unity between the fragmentary and the organic, the latter presupposing, after all, an existing whole. Whilst the author termed his drama in this case a fragment, which pretends to be organic, the opposite occurs with his comedy Der zerbrochne Krug. Here, Kleist generates a complete whole from linguistic fragmentations or, to put it provocatively, a fragmentary organism. This intricate relationship is the subject of the following philological and thematic analysis.

Substitution Effect on the Charge Transfer Processes in Organo-Imido Lindqvist-Polyoxomolybdate

Two new aromatic organo-imido polyoxometalates with an electron donor triazole group ([n-Bu4N]2[Mo6O18NC6H4N3C2H2]) (1) and a highly conjugated fluorene ([n-Bu4N]2[Mo6O18NC13H9]) (2) have been obtained. The electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of several organo-imido systems were studied. These properties were analysed by the theoretical study of the redox potentials and by means of the excitation analysis, in order to understand the effect on the substitution of the organo-imido fragment and the effect of the interaction to a metal centre. Our results show a bathochromic shift related to the charge transfer processes induced by the increase of the conjugated character of the organic fragment. The cathodic shift obtained from the electrochemical studies reflects that the electronic communication and conjugation between the organic and inorganic fragments is the main reason of this phenomenon.

The Earliness of Mahler’s Late Romanticism

The music of late Mahler recurrently features an elision of the traditional deceptive and perfect cadence progressions into a V–VI–I progression: a ‘deceptive perfect cadence.’ The way this progression is used in Mahler’s music can be related to Mahler’s descriptions of how musical works should be constructed, particularly his insistence on development, evolution, and the avoidance of clearly delineated boundaries. Schoenberg’s description of the use of the deceptive cadence to introduce a digression provides the basis for an alternative to descriptions of Mahler’s musical techniques, particularly those relating to closure or cadential practice, which concentrate on modernistic juxtapositions or the subversion of classical techniques. Instead, I will show how Mahler’s ‘digressive’ musical language relates to nineteenth-century conceptions of the organic fragment which reach back to the aesthetics of early romantics such as Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel.

Hadrosaurid (Edmontosaurus) bonebeds from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Horsethief Member) at Drumheller, Alberta, Canada: geology, preliminary taphonomy, and significance

Three monodominant hadrosaurid bonebeds in the Horsethief Member of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (uppermost Campanian) in southern Alberta, Canada, are documented. Each bonebed is hosted by a decimetre-thick deposit of poorly sorted and graded organic-fragment-rich mudstone. These fossil deposits are interpreted as having been carried and deposited by debris flows or hyperconcentrated mass sediment flows initiated by overbank flooding from local channels. Each bonebed is dominated (>50% of identifiable elements) by the disarticulated to occasionally associated remains of hadrosaurine hadrosaurids, inferred to be Edmontosaurus regalis. The majority of hadrosaurid elements at two of the sites (Bleriot Ferry and Prehistoric Park) are from large, presumably adult-sized individuals, whereas the majority of elements from the Fox Coulee site are from subadults and juveniles. Fossil elements from all the sites exhibit similar taphonomic signatures suggestive of a high degree of biostratinomic modification including: (i) thorough disarticulation of carcasses, (ii) a large amount of breakage, (iii) modest amounts of size sorting, and (iv) minimum to modest occurrences of abrasion, and scratch and tooth marks. These signatures indicate that carcasses were exposed for significant amounts of time on the floodplain, where they rotted, were scavenged and trampled, and were exposed to moving water prior to final burial. The size of each bonebed together with the density of bones suggest that the biocoenoses comprised large groups of hadrosaurids, and bone size distributions suggest the possibility of age-segregated populations. The monodominant nature of the assemblages combined with homogenous taphonomic signatures within and between sites suggests that these bonebed assemblages are best interpreted as the result of mass kills rather than attrition, with recurring tropical storm-induced coastal-plain flooding postulated as a likely mechanism for what killed and eventually buried these dinosaurs.

3,6-Diaminoacridinium perchlorate

The structure of the title compound, C13H12N3 +·ClO4 −, reveals a twofold axis through the ring N and para-C atoms; a twofold rotation axis also passes through the Cl atom. The structure of the organic fragment is similar to that of homologous heterocyclic systems. The organic cations and perchlorate anions self-assemble in the solid state through C—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds, leading to a two-dimensional layer parallel to the (112) plane. The layers are stacked along the c axis through offset π–π interactions between cations from different layers (the distance between the planes through two cations is 3.35 Å), resulting in a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture.