Goal Setting and Fear of Failure among Indigent Adolescents

Goal setting is the action plan designed by an individual to achieve his/her goals while fear of failure is a motive to avoid failure in most of evaluative situations based on anticipatory shame upon failure of the person in concern. This study aims at finding correlation between goal setting and fear of failure among indigent adolescents of Kalina, Mumbai. For this, the sample size of 87 indigent students was taken among which 53 were females and 34 were males. Goal Setting Formative Questionnaire by Gaumer Erickson, A.S. & Noonan, P.M (2018) and Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory (PFAI) by David E. Conray, Ph.D. were used, which has high reliability. Exploratory research design was used for the study and this study gives further scope for parents, counselors, educational sectors and social workers to give needful opportunities to indigent population and to acknowledge their levels of Goal setting and reduce fear of failure.

The Private Provision of Missing Public Goods

This chapter explores the long-standing puzzle of the optimal role and impact of private business in public life based on evidence from a healthcare entrepreneur in India. To realize its goal of delivering affordable, high-quality care to the indigent population in India, Narayana Health (NH) had to address a number of voids created by the absence of supporting market institutions. This was done with entrepreneurial aplomb, sometimes even catalysing governmental action, by becoming a trusted intermediary to providers of all sorts of factor inputs who would otherwise not make their services available. This partial private provision of public infrastructure by NH illustrates how social investments by resource-constrained entrepreneurs in emerging markets can yield both private and public benefits.

THE INDIGENT POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN

The author of the article analyzes the state of the indigent (poor) population of the Republic of Dagestan. The problem is very urgent in the modern period of crisis in our society due to the fact that poverty is the reason for intensification of social contradictions in it, degradation of the population, and complication of the demographic situation. The author of the article presents statistical data on average per capita income of the population of the Dagestan Republic in 2002 - 2013. Since the interval distribution of incomes does not allow to characterize accurately the number of the indigent part of the population, the distribution of income according to the minimum subsistence level is considered. A significant poverty reduction in the Republic of Dagestan during the period under consideration is shown. Besides, the article presents the median per capita income, which is used in western countries and in some republics of the former Soviet Union to estimate the level of poverty. Depending on 40%, 50%, 60% of the median, like in these countries, the relative number of the indigent population in the Republic of Dagestan and in other regions of the North Caucasian Federal District is determined, which makes it possible to determine the level of extreme poverty in the Republic of Dagestan in 2013. The author shows the ratio of the average wage of 10% of employees with the highest wage to 10% of employees with the lowest wage in the institutions of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasian Federal District and comes to the conclusion that in 2013 the poverty level in the region was lower than in the Republic of Dagestan.