Analysis of the transformation of enterprise activities under the influence of global shifts

The article identifies the main motives of transnational activities of companies, namely: the desire for cheaper and better factors of production; entering new markets; reduction of competition due to the acquisition of assets of foreign companies; the ability to achieve the effect of scale of production. The classification of factors that are the basis for the formation and operation of transnational companies (TNCs) on the following grounds: unit of study, level of analysis, level of universality, research architecture, factor analysis, genesis of factors, status factors. The author proposes a theory based on a generalized analysis of theories of transnationalization in the context of comparing the features of the development of TNCs and any other business entity. The author develops a mechanism of interaction between donors and recipients within the market theory of transnationalization of production. The factors influencing the dynamic development of TNCs and their transformation into one of the most important institutions of the modern market economy are described. The influence of TNCs on home countries and host countries is analyzed. The main characteristics of technological systems are investigated. It is noted that the formation of the optimal structure of TNCs is based on the optimal distribution of functions between structural units, establishing a system of relations between them, which allows for rapid exchange of information, management decisions and implement them in optimal time. The characteristic of organizational structure of mechanistic and organic types of TNCs is presented. The Hammer-Champi reengineering methodology is proposed. The investment activity of modern enterprises operating in the conditions of global transformations is investigated. The author has improved the mechanism for managing the investment attractiveness of an industrial enterprise.

An Applied Mathematical Model for Business Transformation and Enterprise Architecture

This chapter on an optimal and adaptable enterprise architecture for business systems is one of a series of research chapters on enterprise architecture and business transformations. This one is about estimating the risk for transforming a business environment. It is a conclusion of many years of research, architecture, consulting, and development efforts. The model is based on an applied holistic mathematical model (AHMM) for business transformations. In this chapter, the CSFs are tuned to support the intelligent architecture concepts for business integration in the form of an applied pattern that is also a part or a chapter in this research series. This chapter is related to the feasibility and prototype of the business engineering and risk management pattern (BE&RMP) that should (or shouldn't) prove whether business transformation projects can optimize enterprise business capabilities and how microartefact implementation can offer a sustainable enterprise business system.

Tourism Network in Urban Agglomerated Destinations: Implications for Sustainable Tourism Destination Development through a Critical Literature Review

This study analyzes tourism network in urban agglomerated destinations and puts forth implications for future sustainable development through a critical and extensive review of related literature. First of all, with a bibliometric analysis of 2670 selected articles from three research fields of urban tourism, urban agglomeration tourism and tourism destination network, we analyzed their respective research themes and classified them accordingly. Then, the study further investigates the role of tourism network in urban agglomerated destinations by identifying the differences and connections between urban agglomeration tourism and urban tourism. Finally, a basic architecture is established for the study of tourism networks in urban agglomerated destinations context. Study findings highlight that urban agglomeration tourism emphasizes the interconnectivity and social network relationships. However, research on the destination network of urban agglomerations is limited, especially from the tourism development perspectives. Therefore, the evolution process, structural effects, determinants and dynamic mechanisms of the tourism network in urban agglomerated destination are among the opportunities for future research. Moreover, the research architecture shows that the network relationship emerges as a new direction for the study of urban agglomeration system to better integrate and harness destinations’ resources and thereby promote sustainable development in urban agglomerated areas.

Designing and piloting a generic research architecture and workflows to unlock German primary care data for secondary use

Background Medical data from family doctors are of great importance to health care researchers but seem to be locked in German practices and, thus, are underused in research. The RADAR project (Routine Anonymized Data for Advanced Health Services Research) aims at designing, implementing and piloting a generic research architecture, technical software solutions as well as procedures and workflows to unlock data from family doctor’s practices. A long-term medical data repository for research taking legal requirements into account is established. Thereby, RADAR helps closing the gap between the European countries and to contribute data from primary care in Germany. Methods The RADAR project comprises three phases: (1) analysis phase, (2) design phase, and (3) pilot. First, interdisciplinary workshops were held to list prerequisites and requirements. Second, an architecture diagram with building blocks and functions, and an ordered list of process steps (workflow) for data capture and storage were designed. Third, technical components and workflows were piloted. The pilot was extended by a data integration workflow using patient-reported outcomes (paper-based questionnaires). Results The analysis phase resulted in listing 17 essential prerequisites and guiding requirements for data management compliant with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Based on this list existing approaches to fulfil the RADAR tasks were evaluated—for example, re-using BDT interface for data exchange and Trusted Third Party-approach for consent management and record linkage. Consented data sets of 100 patients were successfully exported, separated into person-identifying and medical data, pseudonymised and saved. Record linkage and data integration workflows for patient-reported outcomes in the RADAR research database were successfully piloted for 63 responders. Conclusion The RADAR project successfully developed a generic architecture together with a technical framework of tools, interfaces, and workflows for a complete infrastructure for practicable and secure processing of patient data from family doctors. All technical components and workflows can be reused for further research projects. Additionally, a Trusted Third Party-approach can be used as core element to implement data privacy protection in such heterogeneous family doctor’s settings. Optimisations identified comprise a fully-electronic consent recording using tablet computers, which is part of the project’s extension phase.

DOZ047.88: Esophageal atresia: a scientometric analysis of the global research architecture and collaborative networks

Background Esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) represent a spectrum of relatively rare and complex malformations, which remain a major therapeutic challenge for most involved specialists. Whereas the number of EA/TEF-related publications is constantly growing, no thorough assessment of the global research architecture has been performed yet. Hence, this study aimed to critically evaluate the scientific EA/TEF activities in relation to geographical developments and existing research networks using a combination of scientometric methodologies and visualization tools. Methods A comprehensive search strategy for the Web of Science™ database was designed to retrieve bibliographic data on scientific EA/TEF publications for the time span between January 1900 and December 2018. The total reseach output of countries, institutions, individual authors, and collaborative networks was analzyed. Semiqualitative research measures, including citation rate and h-index, were assessed. Choropleth mapping and network diagrams were employed to visualize results. Results A total of 4586 publications on EA/TEF were identified, originating from 86 countries (79.0% written in English). The largest number was published by the USA (n = 799; 17.4%), the UK (n = 260; 5.7%), and Canada (n = 190; 4.1%). The USA produced the highest number of co-operative articles (n = 73) and the most productive collaborative networks were established between USA/Canada (n = 22), USA/Netherlands (n = 19), and USA/Germany (n = 13). Scientific papers from the UK received the highest average citation rate, with 17.6 citations per item, whereas the USA, with 47, had the highest country-specific h-index. Eighty-two articles were published under the auspices of multicenter research consortiums and national study groups. The most productive institutions and authors were based in the UK, the USA, France, Canada, Australia, the Netherlands, Finland, and Spain. Conclusions This is the first in-depth analysis of the worldwide EA/TEF research activity, offering unique insights into the global scientific landscape in this field. Over the past decades, EA/TEF research has increasingly become multidisciplinary but the main research endeavors continue to be concentrated in a few high-income countries. International EA/TEF collaborations and translational research should be strengthened to foster true scientific progress with this rare condition.

Can we identify general architectural principles that impact the collective behaviour of both human and animal systems?

The search for general common principles that unify disciplines is a longstanding challenge for interdisciplinary research. Architecture has always been an interdisciplinary pursuit, combining engineering, art and culture. The rise of biomimetic architecture adds to the interdisciplinary span. We discuss the similarities and differences among human and animal societies in how architecture influences their collective behaviour. We argue that the emergence of a fully biomimetic architecture involves breaking down what we call ‘pernicious dualities’ that have permeated our discourse for decades, artificial divisions between species, between organism and environment, between genotype and phenotype, and in the case of architecture, the supposed duality between the built environment and its builders. We suggest that niche construction theory may serve as a starting point for unifying our thinking across disciplines, taxa and spatial scales. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Interdisciplinary approaches for uncovering the impacts of architecture on collective behaviour’.