A Brief Review on Prospective of Polyvinylidene Fluoride as a Tissue Engineered Scaffold Material

This review focuses on the potential of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as tissue scaffolding materials. PVDF is defined in terms of the synthesis mechanisms and the method of the β phase formation process. General properties are fundamentally discussed in terms of their wettability and electroactive characteristics, which play an essential role in modifying other potential materials for tissue-based applications. The latest technologies for the replacement of artificial tissue scaffolds are evaluated, and the applications of PVDF-based scaffolds are discussed.

BaTiO3–CoFe2O4–BaTiO3 trilayer composite thin films prepared bychemical solution deposition

Multiferroic BaTiO3–CoFe2O4–BaTiO3 thin films were synthesized by spin coating of Co(NO3)2–Fe(NO3)3 and Ba(OAc)2–Ti(i-OPr)4 dissolved in a mixture of acetic acid and dimethylformamide. Stepwise thermaltreatment at 200, 400 and 800◦C led to the desired phases. The phase formation process was monitoredby thermoanalytic, XRD, IR and Raman measurements. SEM was used to characterize the structure and thickness of each layer. Two samples with different thicknesses of perovskite and spinel layers are discussed. Sample 1 consists of 120 nm CoFe2O4 between two 70 nm BaTiO3 layers. For sample 2, the 90 nm BaTiO3 top and bottom layers are enclosing 220 nm CoFe2O4. The surface qualities were determined byAFM indicating rms roughness values of about 4 nm. Magnetic investigations reveal slightly anisotropicbehavior. Polarization measurements show hysteresis loops (Ps(max)= 29 µC cm−2; Ps(max)= 17 mC cm−2) with switching peaks at the corresponding coercive fields.

Phase formation processes and synthesis of solid solutions in Ca-R-Nb-M-O systems

During the study of the phase formation process in Ca-R-Nb-M-O systems (R=La, Bi, M=Mo, W), an attempt was made to obtain single-phase compounds of CaRNbMO8 composition by the standard ceramic technique. In addition, samples based on LaNbO4, CaWO4, BiNbO4 were also synthesized by the standard ceramic technique. The phase composition of the samples was studied by XRD analysis. The electrical conductivity of the obtained solid solutions and potential composite materials was investigated by impedance spectroscopy.

Enriched primary kaolins of Uzbekistan as a raw material for chamotte lightweight refractories

The results of studies of the phase formation process of enriched primary kaolins of the Angren and Samarkand fields during firing in the range of 1250‒1400 oC are presented. It is shown that the stability of the phase composition, the optimal ratio of the crystalline phases, shrinkage and water absorption indices allow us to consider the enriched kaolin of the Samarkand field as a promising material for making chamotte lightweight refractories. Ill. 3. Ref. 11. Tab. 3.

BaTiO3–CoFe2O4–BaTiO3trilayer composite thin films prepared bychemical solution deposition

Multiferroic BaTiO3-CoFe2O4-BaTiO3 thin films were synthesized by spin coating of Co(NO3)2 – Fe(NO3)3 and Ba(OAc)2 – Ti(i-OPr)4 solutions in a solvent mixture of acetic acid and dimethylformamide. Subsequent stepwise thermal treatment at 200, 400 and 800 °C leads to the desired ferroelectric and ferrimagnetic phases. The phase formation process was monitored by thermogravimetric, XRD, IR and Raman measurements. SEM was used to characterize the layered sandwich structure and the thickness of each layer. Two samples with different thicknesses of the perovskite and spinel layers are discussed. Sample 1 consists of a 120 nm layer of CoFe2O4 between two 70 nm thick BaTiO3 layers. For sample 2 the 90 nm thick top and bottom layers of BaTiO3 are enclosing a 220 nm CoFe2O4 layer. The quality of the samples surfaces was determined by AFM leading to root mean square roughness values of about 4 nm. Magnetic investigations reveal a slightly anisotropic behavior for in-plane and out-of-plane magnetizations and coercivities. Polarization measurements show hysteresis loops (maximum PS = 29 μC cm-2; maximum PR = 17 μC cm-2) with pronounced switching peaks at the corresponding coercive fields of 200 and 360 kV cm-1, respectively.