Influence of given information in the sensory perception of industrialized orange juice

This study assessed how the sensory perception of orange juice change according to the information given to the consumers and to the size/ industrialization level of the cities were the consumers live. Results indicates that fresh squeezed orange juice was prefered and that industrialized juices acceptation (especially pasteurized and sterilized) is high in cities with high demography and increase when information about the juices were given. On the other hand, the juices prepared from concentrated samples (fruit liquid concentrate / frozen concentrated) had worse evaluation.These results highlight the importance of providing information about the processing and characteristics of different industrialized juices to consumers, allowing them to make more conscious choices about what they will consume.

Optimization of Spray Drying Process Parameters for Sweet Corn Enzymolysis Liquid

The aim of this study was to optimize the spray drying process parameters for sweet corn enzymolysis liquid concentrate (SCELC). Experimental design with inlet temperature (170–190°C), SCELC/maltodextrin (MD) ratio (0.25–4) and inlet feed rate (800–1000 mL h−1) as independent variables was studied to investigate the effects on product responses. The corresponding results showed that an increase in the inlet temperature resulted in sweet corn powder with lower moisture, bulk density, L* value, H° value and higher water solubility index. Meanwhile, an increase in MD ratio brought lower moisture and higher L* value, H° value, water solubility index. It was also found that an increase in the inlet feed rate caused higher moisture and lower water solubility index. The highest production yield was achieved at 42.86% with optimized inlet temperature of 177.66°C, SCELC/MD ratio of 0.84 and inlet feed rate of 834.50 mL h−1. Accordingly, the production yield, moisture content, bulk density, water solubility index, L* and H° value were 42.86%, 3.57%, 0.45 g/cm3, 96.54 g/100 g, 84.46, and 83.54, respectively.

Consumable Anode Process for SnAg Electroplating

Near eutectic tin-silver (SnAg) is currently the alloy of choice for electroplated lead-free solder bumping and Cu pillar capping. While lead-tin (PbSn) is still used in some applications, there has been considerable momentum in moving away from the use of lead in semiconductor packaging. Both solders are normally electroplated as alloys with specific compositions to target a desired melting point. Since the deposition potentials of lead and tin are very close together, they plate with similar characteristics. This makes it possible for PbSn plating systems to use a consumable anode system where the anode composition matches the desired deposit composition. Metals are replenished into the bath in much the same ratio they are consumed. In a SnAg plating bath, the deposition potential of Ag is much more positive than Sn, so very low potential is required for Ag deposition. The plating rate of Ag is generally mass transfer limited. The plating rate of Sn is current controlled. While similar in concept to systems using consumable anodes for plating other metals, the SnAg alloy system presents some unique challenges. Because it is more noble, the Ag+ will deposit onto the Sn anode material by displacement reaction, and passivation will occur. Thus, the Sn anodes cannot come in contact with the Ag+ in the bath. Historically this problem is overcome by using an inert anode and metals replenishment by liquid concentrate. This paper outlines a method for plating SnAg using a consumable Sn anode, thereby reducing cost of ownership (CoO) and increasing bath stability compared to conventional SnAg wafer level packaging (WLP) plating.

Analysis of trend in incidence of trichinellosis in pigs before and after systematic deratization

In the territory of Serbia, the occurrence of trichinellosis in domestic pigs has been present for a long number of years. In a ten-year period, a total of 1,224 pigs were registered in one populated area with the diagnosis of a larval form of the parasite T.spiralis. In the middle of the period of examination, a systematic deratization of the complete settlement was carried out, the neighboring garbage dumps, and a pit grave. The systematic deratization was performed using the preparation Brodisan. This preparation is a liquid concentrate for the preparation of bait with 0.25% bromadiolone (3-(3-/-bromobiphenyl-4- il/-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpropyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin). The total used quantity of bait for one systematic deratization in this populated area was 4,840 kg. Analyzing the tendency of the incidence of positive pigs in the period before the systematic deratization, we established that the average annual increase was around 70 pigs (b=69.30). The best adapted line of movement of the number of positive pigs was a third degree polynomial (?=185.20- 304.10x + 147.10x2-16.75x3), because its correlation coefficient is the biggest (rxy=0.96). The analysis of the trend in the number of infected pigs after the systematic deratization was performed in the examined area, it was established on the grounds of the negative parameter b of the straight line trend, that the average annual reduction in the number of infected pigs was 39.80. The tendency of a reduction of the number of infected pigs following the systematic deratization is best described by a second degree polynomial (?=307.2- 109.23x + 11.57x2) because its correlation coefficient is rxy=0.98.

Effects of varying doses of Frisol on European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) planted on spoil banks

Frisol forte (FR F) and Frisol active (FR A) are slow-acting organic fertilisers recommended for reclamation and revitalisation of undeveloped soils and degraded areas. Tentative results of experiments carried out with these products on spoil banks in the CR showed controversial reactions of plants - on the one hand a high mortality of seedlings and a very good growth on the other. Reasons for these disproportions projecting themselves into the welfare of woody plants probably lie in an incorrect dosage of products. Thus, a special long-term experiment was established with the objective to find an optimal dosing to be used in practice for the reclamation process on spoil banks. By the method of measuring and statistical evaluation of height and stem diameter growths it was discovered that the best results were achieved by the combined use of both products with a dosage in the range of 30-60 g FR F + 250 ml FR A/5 l of water/10 seedlings. The discovered dosage is lower than that indicated by the manufacturer and literature. The application of granulated FR F alone was not so effective. The best dosage in this case was also 60 g/seedling. A disadvantage of using the combination of both types of Frisol is that the water required for dissolving the FR A liquid concentrate is not always available in the location being reforested.

Determination of Hydrazine in Maleic Hydrazide Technical and Pesticide Formulations by Gas Chromatography: Collaborative Study

Twelve collaborating laboratories assayed hydrazine in technical maleic hydrazide (MH), 6-hydroxy-2H-pyridazin-3-one, and 2 formulated products, a liquid concentrate and a soluble granule, using gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection. The hydrazine content in the samples ranged from 0.03 ppm, in the liquid concentrate, to 0.26 ppm, in MH technical. Hydrazine and MH are dissolved in an aqueous solution. The MH is then precipitated out of solution by acidification. The solution containing hydrazine is treated with excess pentafluorobenzaldehyde (PFB) to form pentafluorobenzaldehyde azine (PFBA). The PFBA is extracted with hexane for analysis by GC using an electron capture detector. Peak area responses of PFBA are measured and quantified by external standardization. Hydrazine concentration is calculated from the PFBA determination. The laboratories weighed each test sample in duplicate with duplicate analysis for each weighing. Data from these laboratories were statistically analyzed. The average relative repeatability was determined to be 5.34 and the average relative reproducibility was 27.99.

SOOT REDUCTION CHEMICALS FOR IN-SITU BURNING

ABSTRACT A soot reduction additive for use in the in-situ burning of oil spills has been developed. The additive is in the form of a liquid concentrate that can be sprayed on a spill. The soot producing tendency of hydrocarbons decreases in the order: aromatics, branched paraffins, cycloalkanes, normal paraffins. Similarly, the soot reduction ability of ferrocene and derivatives decreases in the order: aromatics, cycloalkanes, branched paraffins, normal paraffins. A method of predicting soot reduction is inferred from model studies and confirmation obtained from experiments on known hydrocarbon mixtures.

Effect of adjuvant and acidifying agent on imazamethabenz efficacy

Experiments were conducted to determine if the efficacy of imazamethabenz could be increased. Crop oil-type adjuvant or acidifying agent added to the spray solution increased the wild oats efficacy of the soluble concentrate formulation equal to that of the liquid concentrate. Either methylated seed oil or Merge was more effective in increasing activity than sodium bisulfite.Key words: Imazamethabenz, adjuvant, sulfuric acid, sodium bisulfite, oat (wild), Avena fatua L.

A New Central Supply System as Alternative Source for Bicarbonate Dialysate

Bicarbonate dialysis is mandatory for high efficiency treatment. In most cases bicarbonate is delivered either as prepacked powder or as a stable liquid concentrate in 6-10 I plastic containers. With a newly designed central supply system (CSS) using 800 I tanks of custom-made sterile and pyrogen free concentrates, we investigated the risk of bacterial contamination of dialysate in a 30-bed dialysis unit. During three months, samples of reverse osmosis (RO) water, concentrates and dialysate were taken every two weeks. Colony forming units (CFU) were counted after 48 h incubation. Further samples were taken during nine months of continuous use of the CSS without further intermittent disinfection. None of the samples had > 10/ml CFU. Pseudomonas, corynebacteriae and enterobacter were the predominant species. In summary, this CSS proved reliable in providing bacteriologically safe bicarbonate dialysate as defined by international standards (CFU < 200/ml). It significantly reduces costs, workload and environmental pollution by plastic waste.