Otázky neolitu a eneolitu. 39. ročník. Brno, 9.–11.9.2020.

Presented publication is a collection of 40 abstracts of papers, which are conferred at the 39th annual meeting "Problems of the Neolithic and Eneolithic". The contributions are divided into four thematic blocks, which build on a long research tradition in Central Europe and reflect the new needs and directions of archaeology. Student session as a suitable platform for meeting with the next generation of archaeologists with professionals represents a separate block. The collection also includes invited lectures, which present new paradigmatic approaches to the interpretation of the archaeological record in the Neolithic and Eneolithic. The discussion session is devoted to currently intensively debated questions of settlement waste. This session concludes with memories of the most experienced researchers and their legacy for future generations of archaeologists.

Towards successful implementation of continuing professional development – a survey of psychiatrists' attitudes

Aims and MethodThis survey aims to aid implementation of continuing professional development (CPD) by determining the acceptability of current proposals and predict problem areas. All non-training grade psychiatrists working in the area of a single deanery were asked about their attitude to CPD and, in particular, focusing on the peer group method.ResultsOf the 115 respondents, 98% said they agreed with some form of CPD. Just under half of respondents thought peer groups were appropriate for CPD planning, with four being the most popular size, and 3 months the preferred frequency of meeting. Problems identified with the peer group structure included individual, speciality-based and organisation-related issues. Regarding sharing of CPD information, 40% of respondents thought the College should receive updates of individual progress, while the medical director was cited in over half. Finally, loss of educational supervisor status was felt to be the most appropriate penalty for failure to adhere to the CPD process.Clinical ImplicationsThese results indicate that although there is general agreement to some form of CPD, peer groups are not universally accepted as the best design.

Reclaimed Water – An Urban Water Resource

The population in urban areas is growing rapidly; from 30% in 1950 to about 50% at the turn of the century. In 35 years time, the number of large cities (greater than one million) will double and the population living in them will triple. Most large cities are already facing water supply problems and these will increase in the future. Water reclamation for nonpotable reuse for urban irrigation, industry, toilet-flushing, cooling, construction etc. can reduce the demand on limited fresh water resources. Many urban areas around the world have already used this approach to meeting problems of increased water demand.

THE PROCESS CHEESE INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES: A REVIEW1,2

The process cheese industry of the United States began over 55 years ago. Basic patents describing blending and heating and use of emulsifiers were the first, shared by Kraft and Phenix interests. In the early years a few competitors were licensed. Some dealers and cheese makers believed processing could ruin the cheese industry, but cheese consumption per capita increased. About 60% of consumers preferred process to natural cheese. Investigations of early practices led to definitions at state and federal levels; these have been re-defined and frequently revised. Demands of processors have affected the natural cheese industry in developing and locating new factories and aiding in composition and quality control. Processors promoted packaging and mechandising of all cheese. Cheese processors, associated dealers, and distributors organized the National Cheese Institute which has been a force in meeting problems of research, education, and regulation. From 1944 to 1968 it gave over $225,000 for independent research on problems of public health and industrial practices. The industry defended its trading practices in New York, Illinois, and Wisconsin with mixed success when accused of conspiracy to fix prices by the Federal Trade Commission in the 1940s, but today is largely responsible for orderly trading on the Wisconsin Cheese Exchange. Values established are important factors in Federal Milk Marketing orders which determine prices of fluid milk.