Antifungal Activity of Flavonoid Isolated from Lindernia crustacea (L) F. Muell against Traditionally Claimed Dermatophytes

Aim: The present study was aimed to establish antifungal activity of flavonoid isolated from Lindernia crustacea (L) F. Muell. Methods: Potent bioactive constituent from benzene extract was isolated through flash chromatography with solvent Toluene and Acetic acid (4:1). Isolated compound was structurally established by spectroscopic method. Antifungal potential of benzene extract as well as isolated compound was tested by disc diffusion method against two fungal strains Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum). Results: The isolated compound from benzene extract was found to be flavonoid. Benzene extract as well as flavonoid were shown remarkable zone of inhibition against both fungal strains which indicates strong antifungal activity. Conclusion: The experimental results concluded that Lindernia crustacea (L) F. Muell have significant anti fungal activity due to flavonoid content. It is expected that the results of the present research work would be beneficial in establishing the scientific basis of the traditional claims of medicinal values of Lindernia crustacea.

Isolation, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of ECDY Steroid from Roots of Polycarpaea corymbosa LAM

A new phytoecdysteroid (2- deoxy 20 hydroxy 22 cinnamoyl ecdysone 3, 25 diacetate) was isolated from the roots of Polycarpaea corymbosa Lam (family: caryophyllaceae).The powdered roots were extracted with petroleum ether ( 60-80? C), benzene, ethyl acetate and ethyl alcohol in soxhlet apparatus by simultaneous extraction. The highest yield of benzene extract was chosen for the isolation of ecdysteroid. The white solid pure compound was isolated and tested by TLC and respond positively for Liebermann - burchard reaction. Their structure has been established by UV, IR, 1H, 13C-NMR DEPT -90, DEPT -135 and EI- MS experiments. All the extracts and isolated compound were screened for anti-bacterial activity against B.subtilis, P.vulgaris, E.coli, P.aeruginosa by Kirbybauer method.

PHOTOPROTECTIVE, CYTOTOXIC AND PHOTOMODIFYING ACTIVITY OF LICHEN BIOMASS NON-POLAR FRACTIONS AGAINST HUMAN KERATINOCYTE (HaCAT)

In vitro, the photoprotective, cytotoxic and photomodifying properties of hexane and benzene extracts from the widely distributed in Belarus lichens Cladonia arbuscula, Evernia prunastri, Hypogymnia physodes, Ramalina pollinaria and Xanthoria parietina in the culture of human keratinocytes (HaCAT), are estimated. It was found that these extracts are not photoprotective, they have a photomodifying effect upon irradiation of keratinocyte cultures with ultraviolet light. Hexane extract of E. prunastri and benzene extracts of R. pollinaria and H. physodes at a concentration of 2.5 μg/ml are photoprotectors that weaken the effect of ultraviolet radiation by 1.6 ÷ 1.8 times. Extracts of C. arbuscula and X. parietina are photosensitizers – they increase the toxic effect of ultraviolet radiation by 10 or more times, regardless of the concentration of the extract in the nutrient medium. Hexane and benzene extracts of C. arbuscula and H. physodes lichens are cytotoxic to the HaCAT culture. With an increase in the dose of ultraviolet irradiation of keratinocytes from zero to lethal values, the benzene extract of R. pollinaria acted as a photoprotector at a concentration of 2.5 μg / ml, and as a photosensitizer at higher concentrations. The hexane and benzene extracts of E. prunastri and H. physodes exhibited sensitizing properties that increased with an increase in the concentration of lichen extracts. C. arbuscula hexane extract and X. parietina benzene extract were the most potent photosensitizers.

Characterization of bioactive and bioenergy components from fresh walnut (Juglans regia) leaf

Walnut (Juglans regia) is an important economic tree specie, and has unique aroma in its leaf. In order to investigate the bioactive and bioenergy characteristic of compounds in ethanol and benzene extracts from fresh walnut leaf by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results indicated that ethanol and benzene extracst fresh walnut leaf contain abundant alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons, quinones, phenols, aldehydes, acids, ketones, alkanes, esterscompounds, especially including dl-.alpha.-Tocopherol, juglone, squalene andlupeol, which are important bioactive components. The functional analytic result suggested that compounds from fresh walnut leaf extracts can be developed into raw materials for industries of biofuel, biomedicine, cosmetic, spices and food additive. The ethanol extract of fresh walnut leaf is more rich in biomedicine and food additives components, such as ketones, alkanes, aldehydes, amines, and acides compounds. The benzene extract of fresh walnut leaf is more rich in biofuels, spices, and cosmetic components, such as phenols, aromatic hydrocarbons, olefines and quinones compounds.

Bioenergy and bioactive components in leaves of Toona sinensis

Toona sinensis is an important tree for urban greening construction. Toona sinensis sprouts are widely used because of their high medicinal and edible value. However, the functions and effective components of mature Toona sinensis leaves have not been fully exploited and utilized. In order to explore the value of Toona sinensis leaves in bioactive and bioenergy utilization, Toona sinensis leaves were extracted with benzene and ethanol, and then the components in extracts were analyzed by FT-IR and GC-MS. The results showed that benzene and ethanol extracts from Toona sinensis leaves mainly contained phenols, hydrocarbons, esters, alcohols, acids and other bioactive components. These bioactive components can be used in the fields of bioenergy, biomedicine, chemical row materials, food additives and spices. Among them, the content of bioactive components from benzene extract was higher than that from ethanol extract. These findings indicate that Toona sinensis leaves contain a large number of bioactive components which can be used in bioenergy and other fields, and have broad prospects for development.

Antioxidant Activity of Lichen Parmotrema austrosinense and its Antimicrobial Effect on Selected Plant Pathogens

Parmotrema austrosinense(Zahlbr.) Hale is one of the lichens used as spices and also it has medicinal property. The goal of this investigation was to assess the antioxidant, reducing power, free radical scavenging and antiphyto pathogenic effect of P. austrosinense. Lichen sample was extracted with different solvents - benzene, methanol, chloroform and acetone. The benzene extract showed a strong antioxidant activity (5.665±0.0065) followed by chloroform extract (3.648±0.0029), acetone extract (2.770±0.0078) and methanol extract (2.430± 0.0046). The methanolic extract of lichen showed the highest reducing power followed by the acetone and nonpolar solvents like chloroform and benzene. Among the four solvents chosen, methanol extract of lichen showed the highest free radical scavenging activity followed by acetone, chloroform and benzene. The antimicrobial activity non-polar solvents like chloroform and benzene extract showed highest antimicrobial activity against three tested fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii) and bacterial plant pathogens(Bacillus sp.,Xanthomonas phaseoli and Erwinia chrysanthemi)followed by methanol and acetone extracts and streptomycin was used as a control antibiotic.

Phytochemical Screening and Antinociceptive and Antidiarrheal Activities of Hydromethanol and Petroleum Benzene Extract ofMicrocos paniculataBarks

Introduction.Microcos paniculatais traditionally used for treating diarrhea, wounds, cold, fever, hepatitis, dyspepsia, and heat stroke.Objective. To investigate the qualitative phytochemical constituents of hydromethanol (HMPB) and petroleum benzene extract ofMicrocos paniculatabarks (PBMPB) and to evaluate their antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activities.Methods. Phytochemical constituents and antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activities were determined and evaluated by different tests such as Molisch’s, Fehling’s, Mayer’s, Wagner’s, Dragendorff’s, frothing, FeCl3, alkali, Pew’s, and Salkowski’s test, general test of glycosides, Baljet and NH4OH test, formalin-induced paw licking, acetic acid-induced writhing, tail immersion, and hot plate tests, and castor oil and MgSO4induced diarrheal tests.Results. These extracts revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids and significantly (P⁎<0.05, versus control) reduced paw licking and abdominal writhing of mice. At 30 min after their administration, PBMPB revealed significant increase in latency (P⁎<0.05, versus control) in tail immersion test. In hot plate test, HMPB and PBMPB 200 mg/kg showed significant increase in response latency (P⁎<0.05, versus control) at 30 min after their administration. Moreover, both extracts significantly (P⁎<0.05, versus control) inhibited percentage of diarrhea in antidiarrheal models.Conclusion.Study results indicate thatM.paniculatamay provide a source of plant compounds with antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activities.

Phytochemical and Antibacterial Evaluation of Various Extracts of Amoora ruhituka Bark

Preliminary phytochemical screening of various extracts of Amoora ruhituka bark were investigated which reveals the presence of several secondary metabolites in each extracts. The antibacterial activity of all the extracts was tested against four gram negative bacterial strains. The results indicated the zone of inhibition which ranges from 11.30±577 to 18.7±0.577 for different extracts in which Methanol extract has shown highest zone of inhibition for Salmonella typhimurium followed by Enterobacter aerogenes , E coli and P aeruginosa whereas benzene extract has showed the least zone of inhibition and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the different extracts ranging from 0.78 mg/ml to 6.25mg/ml.The complete results of this study provides a essential data for the use of Amoora ruhituka for the treatment of infection associated diseases

IDENTIFIKASI STRUKTUR SENYAWA ANTIJAMUR DARI RUMPUT LAUT

Screening of plants antifungal compounds from Algae has been resulted. Screening was preceded by extraction of its fresh substance with benzene, methanol, and chloroform solvents and followed examination towards fungi Fusarium oxysforum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Aspergillus flavus, and Pythium spp. The antifungal effects were tested by well methode in potato dextrosa agar (PDA) medium. Analysis compound of benzene extract with preparative TLC methode (n-hexene : ethyl acetate : methanol = 7 : 2 : 1) obtained 5 compounds. Antifungal activity test of the fractions was done by the disk diffution methode with PDA medium. Identification of active compounds with spectroscophy method (IR and NMR) indicated the benzene extract analogue with fungicide Metalaxyl with the benzene ring and substituens of ester, alkyl, and amide. Identification of fractions showed that the compounds analogue with fungicides belong to carboxamide with the main substituen of benzene ring and ester/aldehids formed, alkyl, and amide.