Issues of the Risk-Based Approach

The purpose of the article was to analyze the problems currently standing in the way of more effective application of the risk-based approach methodology in the field of technogenic safety management. Methods — theoretical, inductive method, analysis of own experience, adopted normative legal acts, other publications. The main results of the work include the following: • despite the broadest use of the concept of “risk” in the field of technogenic safety management, there is no generally accepted interpretation of it to date; • often the evaluative concept of “risk” is mistakenly used instead of objectively existing risk factors; • quantifiably technogenic risk should be characterized by indicators of numerical nature, having vector objects, since two components should be indicated for the complete assignment of the indicator: the probability and the amount of damage; • experience shows that the methods of assessing the probabilistic component of risk indicators recommended by regulatory documents on the analysis and quantification of technogenic risk are accompanied by a very large uncertainty, therefore, instead of the traditional point statement, a more adequate method of assessment is the use of an interval approach that takes into account and allows quantifying this uncertainty; • the analysis showed that the so-called frequency approach, which is most often used to assess the probabilistic component of technogenic risk indicators, is used improperly, has no basis, since, as a rule, the phenomenon of statistical stability is not observed in the object area of the technosphere, there are no general aggregates; • in society and even among specialists, by now there is no understanding of the need to express all three components of damage from an accident (explosion/fire) in monetary terms, without which it is impossible to estimate and express the amount of total damage: — in conclusion, four key problems that hinder the more effective use of the risk-based approach methodology in the field of technogenic safety management are listed; — imperfection of the existing methodological base for the analysis and quantitative assessment of technogenic risk; — the problem of staffing in the field of technogenic risk management; — lack of national criteria for acceptable risk; — complete disregard of the problem of uncertainty of the results of the COR, the lack of methodological support for the procedure of analysis and quantification of this uncertainty. Conclusion — the efforts of the entire community of specialists-researchers, legislators, practitioners engaged in various aspects of the problem of technosphere safety management are necessary to solve the tasks specified in the article.

Metal Content and Structure of Textiles in Textile Metal Threads in Croatia from 17th to 20th Century

Textile metal threads were used to decorate historical Croatian textiles. There are three basic types of metal threads usually used on historical textiles in Croatia. These are narrow stripes, wires, and combined metal textile yarn called “srma”, made of metal thread spirally wrapped around the nonmetal textile yarn. Textile yarns were made of silk, linen, wool, or cotton. Metal threads were primarily made of gold, silver, and copper, and different alloys of these metals or threads are layered in the structure. Analysis of metal threads with three different methods was made and the most adequate method for the analysis of metal threads from historical textiles was established. Metal thread analysis was performed with scanning electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive X-ray detector (SEM-EDX), which was determined to be the most suitable for the analysis of historical textiles if cross-section analysis of metal threads is also performed. Textile threads from combined metal textile threads were analysed with a light microscope. This information of the metal threads’ content and structure as well as the composition of textile thread can lead to an understanding of the technology of production threads and also temporal and spatial dating of textile objects which is helpful to conservators and restorers of valuable historical textiles.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASES FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, SELF-REALISATION OF A CHILD’S PERSONALITY: THE FUTURE OF THE NATION NEEDS TO BE GROWN

In modern social development conditions, the competitive is the creative personality of a child, who carries out creative activity and self-develops. The possible ways of a child’s development in the light of genetic psychology, mainly genetic and creative approach, are revealed. The main mechanisms of creativity are presented. One important direction in digitalisation is researching the psychology of a personality as a real (not just imaginary) subject of study, as unique, unrepeatable and integral system, unity. Modern science lacks the main — the adequate method for the mentioned subject. The method acts as a central link of all the problems of the psychology of a personality; since it is not only a tool for obtaining the evidence-based facts but also a tool for embodying the scientific knowledge, and the way of its existence and storage. The human’s genetic phycology aims to study the conditions, in which the process of transforming the content and forms of personal mental phenomena, states of consciousness, and ways of action will be able to achieve the level of excellence of activities’ mental mechanisms, at the mentioned level the ability to make discoveries and inventions, create artistic images arises.

Impact of the economic crisis on the financial results of micro-enterprises in the city of Ambato

Companies are created to generate return on investment, profit maximization, in the competitive market it is essential to incorporate positioning strategies, products, prices and quality. The global pandemic COVID-19 forced many companies to redirect their sales strategies, others even had to close operations during the confinement decreed, due to the reduction in consumption and demand for products and services, the micro sector companies were undoubtedly the one that was most affected. The research analyzes the impact of the economic crisis on the financial results of micro companies in the city of Ambato, where the highest per-centage of companies of this type is concentrated. The research was carried out using an adequate method-ology that allowed to know the information directly with the owners of the companies selected in the sample, to generate the discussion results. Keywords: Economic impact, economic crisis, micro enterprises, financial results. References [1]B. C. d. Ecuador, «Banco Central del Ecuador,» 18 septiembre 2020. [Online]. Available: https://contenido.bce.fin.ec/documentos/PublicacionesNotas/Catalogo/Anuario/Boletinanuario.htm. [Last access: 26 03 2021]. [2]B. Mundial, «Informes para America Latina Banco Mundial,» 01 julio 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.ban-comundial.org/es/news/press-release/2020/07/01/ecuador-micro-pequenas-medianas-empresas. [Last access: 22 02 2021]. [3]C. E. p. A. Laitna, «Publicaciones CEPAL,» 24 julio 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.cepal.org/es/publicaciones/45734-sectores-empresas-frente-al-covid-19-emergencia-reactivacion. [Last access: 21 o4 2021]. [4]M. Dzul, Aplicación básica de los métodos científicos, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, 2019. [5]M. Campos Ocampo, Métodos de investigación Académica, San José: Universidad de Costa Rica, 2017. [6]R. Graterol, Metodología de la Investigación, Estado de Mérida: Univerdidad de Los Andes, 2017. [7]C. Hoyos, Modelos para investigación documental, Medellin: Señal, 2016.

Modern Methods for the Sustainable Synthesis of Metalloporphyrins

Metalloporphyrins are involved in many and diverse applications that require the preparation of these compounds in an efficient manner, which nowadays, also involves taking into consideration sustainability issues. In this context, we use ball milling mechanochemistry and sonochemistry for the rational development of synthetic strategies for the sustainable preparation of metalloporphyrins. Zinc, copper, cobalt and palladium complexes of hydrophobic porphyrins were obtained in high yields and under mechanical action with a moderate excess of the metal salt, without any solvent or additive. Sonochemistry prove to be a good alternative for the preparation of metal complexes of water-soluble porphyrins in good yields and short reaction times. Both strategies have good sustainability scores, close to the ideal values, which is useful in comparing and helping to choose the more adequate method.

Experimental Study on Lateral-Load-Resisting Capacity of Masonry-Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frames

In this study, an experimental program was performed on masonry-infilled frame specimens with varied construction precision and masonry thickness. A total of five portal frame specimens, which consist of four masonry-infilled frames and a bare frame, were tested, and the results were analyzed to investigate the effects of construction precision and interaction between the masonry infill and the frame. The test results indicated that the gap in the masonry infill decreased strength by 75% to 80% and stiffness by 55% to 70%. A comparison between the measured and predicted peak strength using the current code shows that the code equations underestimate the strength by up to 70%. This is due to the fact that the contribution of friction in shear resistance of the masonry wall is actually ignored in the current code since no adequate method for estimating the normal force is provided. In addition, reflecting the observation that the failure mode of the columns changed to shear failure when thick masonry walls were used, a mechanical model that can explain the shear failure and enables the estimation of maximum strength was proposed. The maximum strengths of the specimens calculated using the proposed model were in good agreement with the experimental results.

VERSATILE PROFILE OF MORINGA AND ITS ROLE FOR GROWTH AS A FUNCTIONAL FOOD: A REVIEW

"Drumstick" tree is native to India, usually mentioned in literature as MORINGA. Moringa oleifera is one of the most useful trees and it has an enormous number of benefits. All the recent research shows its multipurpose use. That is why it is cultivated across the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Moringa has been used as a medicine since 150 B.C. by ancient kings and queens to ameliorate mental alertness and healthy skin. The Horseradish tree is one of the rich sources of vitamin A, B, C, D, E and K and it is also a good source of minerals like calcium, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, and zinc. It also contains over 40 antioxidants that are naturally synthesized. Moringa is a very important food crop due to its high nutritive value, grows very fast, and it is also drought resistance. More than 80 countries (including India) use the tree's leaves, pods, seeds, bark, and flowers for their medicinal and neutraceutical properties to prevent mineral and vitamin deficiency, maintain a healthy cardiovascular system, regulate normal blood glucose levels, support the immune system, and have anti-inflammatory properties. Further, it neutralizes free radicals, which reduces the risk of cancer. It has potent benefits in reducing malnutrition, general weakness, menopause, depression and osteoporosis. It also contains antibacterial and anti-diabetics properties. It also improves eyesight, mental alertness and bone strength. The article with this review paper was keenly reviewed using an adapted version of established criteria to determine the adequate method for justifying the present aim of this study. This review paper will answer the following issues such as production, nutritional, functional property and utilization of moringa for human and animal consumption.

Factors Influencing the Load-Bearing Capacity of Rock as Base Material for Post-Installed Anchors

In the case of fastenings on rock, as a result of the variability, it is quite difficult to make a preliminary assessment of the load-bearing capacity of rock as a base material. This paper therefore investigates which rock parameters next to an anchor position have an influence on the load-bearing capacity. For this purpose, tests are carried out on post-installed anchors in different lithologies in eastern Austria. It can be shown that the joint weathering has an influence on the load-bearing capacity of post-installed anchors and conclusions can be made about joint weathering by means of rebound hammer. Rebound values can therefore also be used to draw conclusions about the rock quality as a base material for post-installed anchors. Nevertheless, a combined optical assessment of the base material is recommended as an adequate method.

Controversies and Challenges of Mass Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in Italy: Medico-Legal Perspectives and Considerations

The worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the pandemic has resulted in a serious global crisis in the health, social and economic spheres. After an initial period of enthusiasm related to the efficacy of vaccines, in many European countries, a growing distrust in the population has matured, due to the reporting of severe adverse effects. Throughout the world, some cases of adverse events after the administration of the vaccine have been reported. In this communication, we want to discuss all the medico-legal aspects related to the global vaccination companion in terms of medical professional responsibility, informed consent and vaccination obligation, with particular attention to the Italian situation. Health professionals are tasked with promoting confidence in vaccination for the general population. Complete and detailed information and reliance on scientific research is essential to understand the great importance of the vaccination campaign. From a criminal point of view, we must avoid blaming health professionals in the case of side effects. At the same time, we must protect the population, ensuring compliance with the indications, guidelines, and an adequate method of administration. On the other hand, from a civil law perspective, it is correct to ensure full protection of those rare cases in which the administration of the vaccine is related to adverse events. Without a broad and global vaccination campaign, it will be impossible to overcome COVID-19.

Learning Ecologies in the Digital Era: A Challenge for Primary Education in Low-Income Contexts

This research focused on the study of learning ecologies utilizing digital technology. The qualitative methodology used has allowed the analysis of the interactions children establish with digital technologies and the manner in which they construct a learning ecology. A total of 46 12-year-olds, their families, and their teachers participated in this study. The children’s schools and homes were in neighborhoods where structural situations of poverty and social and cultural marginality concurred. The children integrated researchers into their digital community, which allowed access to the events that the community was developing through digital technologies for two years. This information was complemented by the development of systematic observations and interviews with each participant. The participants’ multimodal linguistic and literacy practices were analyzed using a social semiotics approach. The results of the research describe and interpret the interactions that took place between participants and digital technologies. The research has identified the processes of recontextualization, transduction, and transcontextualization of the discourses developed in the frame of the participants’ learning ecologies. Digital ethnography has been revealed as an adequate method for studying learning ecologies.