Optimal Sample Size for the Birnbaum–Saunders Distribution under Decision Theory with Symmetric and Asymmetric Loss Functions

The fatigue-life or Birnbaum–Saunders distribution is an asymmetrical model that has been widely applied in several areas of science and mainly in reliability. Although diverse methodologies related to this distribution have been proposed, the problem of determining the optimal sample size when estimating its mean has not yet been studied. In this paper, we derive a methodology to determine the optimal sample size under a decision-theoretic approach. In this approach, we consider symmetric and asymmetric loss functions for point and interval inference. Computational tools in the R language were implemented to use this methodology in practice. An illustrative example with real data is also provided to show potential applications.

Facebook Digital Marketing: A Thematic Analysis of the Practice of Public Relations Models of Star-Rated Hotels in Bandung

The purpose of this study is to uncover the Grunig’s Public Relations models applied by star-hotels in Bandung through their promotion on Facebook. The thematic analysis was used in this study. The sample included 50 star-hotels in Bandung. All reviews from hotel occupants were checked and coded according to the concerns referred to hotel occupants. All hotels surveyed showed one-way and two-way communication models. For the one-way communication model, some hotels applied press agent/publicity. However, all hotels showed an effort towards the public information model as they disseminated complete information. For the two-way communication model, some hotels applied the two-way asymmetrical model. They responded to criticism from hotel residents but did not reply directly to the problems. Finally, some hotels applied the two-way symmetrical model because they responded directly to complaints against hotel occupants. Keywords – Facebook digital marketing, 5 Star-hotels, one-way communication model, Two-way communication model

The United Kingdom

The aim of this chapter is to analyse how the UK actors cooperate with their Chinese counterparts at the regional and local level. Due to the United Kingdom’s constitutional and administrative structure, consisting of the four nations (countries), i.e. England, Wales, Scotland (collectively known as the Great Britain) and Northern Ireland, and a highly developed (yet asymmetrical) model of decentralisation of executive and legislative powers (known as devolution) within those four nations, in the UK’s case Sino-British local cooperation refers either to the nations themselves (e.g. Scotland), to various metropolitan projects in England (e.g. the Northern Powerhouse) or to individual cities. This chapter undertakes to answer the following questions: Do local authorities in the UK follow the central government’s policy on China? What are the British local governments’ main goals and areas of cooperation with their Chinese partners? What is the model of the UK’s paradiplomacy? The chapter consists of two main parts. The first one is devoted to the central level: the description of the UK government’s policy towards China, the state of play of UK-China relations, and the UK’s perception of China, including China’s “soft” presence in Britain (tourists, students, Confucius Institutes, etc.). The second part is focused on the local and regional level. It starts with an explanation of the legal framework of British local and regional level cooperation, then it sets forth the survey results, concluding with the presentation of two case studies: Liverpool – a city in England; and Scotland – one of the UK’s nations and EU regions

MODEL KOMUNIKASI PUBLIC RELATIONS DI PEMERINTAH KOTA SALATIGA DENGAN PENDEKATAN MODEL KOMUNIKASI GRUNIG & HUNT

The purpose of this study is to find out the communication model of public relations Salatigacity government through the approach of Grunig and Hunt’s communication model. Thisresearch is descriptive qualitative research with the head of Public Relations, The subdivisionhead, and also the Public Relations Staff as resource persons. Data collection is gatheredthrough in-depth interviews and observation. The results of this study showed that the publicrelations of Salatiga city government as a non-profit organization apply the communicationmodel of Grunig and Hunt in communicating with the citizens. The models which are appliedare the Press Agentry communication model to influence the public, the public informationmodel to provide the information to the public. The two-way asymmetrical model to changethe people's behavior and the two-way symmetrical model is the most effective model due tothe listening strategy used which can improve the communication effectiveness

The Practice of Marketing Public Relations In Multinational Companies in Indonesia

The growth of public relations and its acceptance as a valuable, sometimes essential, marketing practice is practically universal . This study aims to find out the marketing communication models applied in Multinational companies in Indonesia. The study provides an analysis of the role of marketing public relations in Multinational companies and this study also explores the role of marketing public relations in the multinational or global companies in Indonesia, to establish whether it is considered to be an important function for a multinational company. The data was gathered through in-depth interview and telephone interview technique involving six multinational companies in Indonesia. The result of this study shows that Marketing public relations officers in multinational companies in Indonesia do apply a mixed model of communications in their operations. This mixed model is a mixture of the press agentry and a two-way asymmetrical model. These two models seem to be the models which are applied in most multinational companies in Indonesia, even though they still use external agencies (consultancies) for handling certain issues.

Study of asymmetrical shock wave reflection in steady supersonic flow

The asymmetrical Mach reflection configuration is studied analytically in this paper, using an asymmetrical model extended from a recent symmetrical model and accounting for the new features related to asymmetry of the two wedges. It is found that the two sliplines do not turn parallel to the incoming flow at the same horizontal location and the sonic throat locates at the position where the difference of slopes of the two sliplines vanishes. This allows us to define a new sonic throat compatibility condition essential to determine the size of the Mach stem. The present model gives the height of the Mach stem, declined angle of the Mach stem from vertical axis, sonic throat location and shape of all shock waves and sliplines. The accuracy of the model is checked by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. It is found that the Mach stem height is strongly dependent on asymmetry of the wedge angles and almost linearly dependent on the asymmetry of the wedge lower surface lengths. The Mach stem height is shown to be insensitive to the asymmetry of the horizontal positions of the two wedges. The mechanisms for these observations are explained. For instance, it is demonstrated that the Mach reflection configuration remains closely similar when there is horizontal shift of either wedge.

TENDENCIES OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA (EXAMPLE KEMEROVO REGION

<p>Economic development in its territorial aspect is uneven, which increases in time due to the path depend-ence effect. At the same time, development level of territories is sensitive to macroeconomic and global factors, including the genesis of so-called “knowledge-based economy”. The article contains an analysis of Russian’s knowledge-based economy at the mesoeconomic (regional) level in 2005 – 2015 in the Kemerovo region. The au-thor evaluates the key parameters of Russian Federation subjects’ development, including regional systems of innovation and education, ICT-infrastructure and environmental conditions of life. The study has proved that the back-ground of the knowledge-based economy in Russia (ICTs and ecological and health-saving infrastructures) displays a tendency toward convergence, whereas the core of knowledge-based economy (educational and innovation sys-tems) is characterized by a divergent trend. The differentiation of educational systems in Russian regions increased within the 10-year period, which means that the options for peripheral regions to shift to the knowledge-intensive development are steadily declining. The gap between leaders and outsiders (a vast majority of regions) of regional innovation system’s development is maximal. The author concludes that the conservation of liberal-orientated meso-economic policy in Russia will contribute to the shaping of an asymmetrical model of the knowledge-based economy.</p>

Modelling interactions between morphosyntactic changes

This chapter addresses the statistical modelling of ‘failed changes’, i.e., changes that reverse instead of going to completion. The chapter compares two models: a symmetrical model derived by assuming that a failed change is represented by the first derivative of a successful change (Postma 2010) and an asymmetrical model derived by multiplying two successful changes together (i.e., by having a second change bleed the environment for the first change). A case study in the development of ‘to’ in the history of English ditransitives is used to argue for the asymmetrical model, where the two changes are (1) the realization of dative case as ‘to’ across the board, and (2) a grammar where ‘to’ is the default realization of dative case, but a null realization is used in recipient–theme contexts (e.g., ‘I gave John the ball’).