IoT and Cloud Computing

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology that offers great opportunities that is designed to improve the quality of consumers' lives, and also to improve economic indicators and productivity of enterprises, and more efficient use of resources. IoT system refers to the use of interconnected devices and distributed subsystems to leverage data gathered by sensors and actuators in some sort of environment and to take a proper decision on a high level. In this chapter, the authors propose an approach to Microcloud-based IoT infrastructure management to provide the desired quality of IT services with rational use of IT resources. Efficiency of IT infrastructure management can be estimated by the quality of services and the management costs. The task of operational service quality management is to maintain a given level of service quality with the use of minimum IT resources amount in IoT environment. Then, the maximum efficiency can be achieved by selecting such control when actual level of service corresponds to the coordinated with business unit and can be achieved by minimal costs. The proposed approach allows the efficient use of resources for IT services provision in IoT ecosystem through the implementation of service level coordination, resource planning and service level management processes in an integrated IT infrastructure management system based on hyperconvergence and software-defined principles. The main goals of this chapter are to investigate the state of art of the IoT applications resource demands in the context of datacenter architecture deployment and to propose Microcloud-based IoT infrastructure resource control method.

Internet of Things in E-Health

The main task of Internet of Things in eHealth solutions is to collect data, connect people, things and processes. This provides a wealth of information that can be useful in decision-making, improving health and well-being. The aim of this study is to identify framework of sensors and application health services to detect sources of stress and stressors and make them visible to users. Also, we aim at extracting relationship between event and sensor data in order to improve health behavior. Evaluation of the proposed framework model will be performed. Model is based on Internet of Things in eHealth and is going to aim to improve health behavior. Following the established pattern of behavior realized through wearable system users will be proposed a preventive actions model. Further, it will examine the impact of changing health behavior on habits, condition and attitudes in relation to well-being and prevention.

A Case Study on the Spatial Cognition of Surrounding Objects by the B&VI People Using Sound Patterns and Ultrasonic Sensing

In this paper, two assistive projects on the spatial cognition by blind and visually impaired (B&VI) people are presented using the sound patterns and ultrasonic sensing. The first device supports the sport activities of B&VI, the golf game specifically. Every golf flagstick has the sound marking device with the active buzzer and WiFi remote control by the person with good vision. The NodeMcu Lua ESP8266 ESP-12 WiFi boards in devices are controlled by the cross-platform HTML web-sites, and hence any WiFi smartphone and / or computer can be in use to start the HTML web-page. Mini portable WiFi router links all devices in the network. End-users are securely connected using the password to wireless router. Ten assistive devices were handed in Instituto para Ciegos y Débiles Visuales “Ezequiel Hernández Romo” together with WiFi router. The second device supports the orientation of B&VI by measuring the distance to the obstacle based on the ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 and Arduino Uno. The distance is pronounced to the B&VI using headphone and MP3 player with SD card. Nowadays, Universidad Politécnica de San Luis Potosí is negotiating with several organizations to create a production line. All devices are of the budget price up to USD 10. All devices were tested successfully. This is joint work of Instituto para Ciegos y Débiles Visuales “Ezequiel Hernández Romo”, Universidad Politécnica de San Luis Potosí, and Tecnológico de Monterrey with ongoing project “Artificial Eyes” based on Raspberry Pi 3 Model B board with an ultrasonic sensor and camera for the image and/or video processing of the surrounding environment, as well as the friendly integration into the local networks using onboard WiFi and Bluetooth.

Converging Technologies for the IoT

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the concept of linking various objects to the Internet that sense/acquire and transmit data in the environment to create a new application. From a standardization perspective, the IoT can be viewed as a global infrastructure, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) objects based on evolving interoperable information and communication technologies (ICT). The success of the IoT will depend strongly on the existence and effective operation of global standards. The standardization initiative, research projects, national initiatives and industrial activities are outlined in this chapter. There are already many standardization activities related to the IoT, covering broad research areas: wireless and cellular technologies, networking protocols, emerging applications, media-centric IoT. What is needed, therefore, are a harmonization of standards and effective frameworks for large-scale deployment.

Cognitive Internet of Everything (CIoE)

In today's world, we are living in busy metropolitan cities and want our homes to be ambient intelligent enough towards our cognitive requirements for assisted living in smart space environment and an excellent smart home control system should not rely on the users' instructions (Wanglei, 2015). The ambient intelligence is a sensational new information technology paradigm in which people are empowered for assisted living through multiple IoTs sensors environment that are aware of inhabitant presence and context and highly sensitive, adaptive and responsive to their needs. A noble ambient intelligent environment are characterized by their ubiquity, transparency and intelligence which seamlessly integrated into the background and invisible to surrounded users/inhabitant. Cognitive IoE (Internet of Everything) is a new type of pervasive computing. As the ambient smart home is into research only from a couple of years, many research outcomes are lacking potentials in ambient intelligence and need to be more dug around for better outcomes. As a result, an effective architecture of CIoE for ambient intelligent space is missing in other researcher's work. An unsupervised and supervised methods of machine learning can be applied in order to classify the varied and complex user activities. In the first step, by using fuzzy set theory, the input dataset value can be fuzzified to obtain degree of membership for context from the physical layer. In the second step, using K-pattern clustering algorithms to discover pattern clusters and make dynamic rules based on identified patterns. This chapter provides an overview, critical evaluation of approaches and research directions to CIoE.

Building IoT With Arduino

IoT tools and techniques can be split into three main categories – infrastructure (i.e. hardware like Arduino Uno), software apps (e.g. Arduino C/C++ sketch), and lightweight protocols (e.g. MQTT and CoAP) for the connection of the heterogeneous components. Nowadays, they allow to develop fully functional smart systems. In this chapter, Arduino open-source computer soft- and hardware are discussed for the remote LED control, the web-server development, the design of the dual axis solar tracker with energy saving algorithm, the smart city's natural environment component based on Arduino weather station, the aid systems (in the mobility) for the visually impaired and blind people. In addition, the connection of the heterogeneous soft- and hardware is presented based on MQTT protocol.

From Ubiquitous Computing to the Internet of Things

The Internet that most of us knows as the World Wide Web is expanding beyond PCs and mobile devices. Called the “Internet of things”, this movement will link consumer devices, enterprise assets, media and everyday items, such as packaged goods, to the Internet at an increasing rate. Why the push? New business models and new ways of interacting with customers, employees and suppliers are possible when physical items are linked to the Internet. In theory, the Internet of things will make it possible for a connected refrigerator to automatically order milk. However, history has shown that, even though a technology can be transformational, it takes a series of many small evolutions before the consumer and business world are ready for transformational models like this. We believe that, at first, the sweet spot for the Internet of things will be to use it in simple ways that extend or enhance an existing process. For example, a washing machine that has a 2D bar code can enable a smartphone user to view the instruction manual, or a service person to view the service history and parts list. In contrast, using the Internet of things technologies to make a washing machine that can auto-detect clothes by reading the RFID tags on the garments' labels, and consequently run at the right settings, is less likely to gain adoption.

Model-Driven Multi-Domain IoT

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange data. The chapter introduces the Model-driven Multi-Domain IoT concept and provides a method and a supporting framework. Multi-Domain IoT as the actual frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity. The method supports effective service and application development and therefore covers connected devices, data collection, data access and complex analytics. The efficiency of the method and the framework is confirmed by several projects. Selected parts of these projects are introduced as innovation projects and case studies.

An Approach to Designing IoT-Based Business Models

This chapter will foster the understanding of the structure of business model elements in Internet of things field. Business model provides an efficient way to analyze, understand and manage strategically oriented goals for one or more stakeholders in order to create some value for end-users, but in the Internet of things there is not clear path for its development. An approach that will be used is the generally accepted principle of forming business model, Canvas template, which is a strategic template for understanding the relation between key partners, key activities, customers and clients, key resources, value proposition for customers in the form of products or services, relationships with customers, sales and distribution channels, cost structure, income flow. Presented is an integrated model with main aspects that should be covered when it comes to the Internet of things business model development, combining Canvas template, inside organizational structure and ecosystem restrictions.

Possibilities of BLOB (Binary Large OBject) and CLOB (Character Large Object) Integration Into the Core of IoT and Using the SQL Platform for Distributing a Large Amount of Data to HTML, JAVA, and PHP Platforms

This chapter identifies and describes the key concepts and techniques for BLOB and CLOB integration into the IoT core. Data system centralization has sped up the solution of problems with large amounts of data storage and processing, particularly if the data is large by its nature. In that sense, everyday stream of photos, audio and video content, large textual data files led to new concepts BLOB and CLOB. Adequate examples of stored procedures, views, C#, JAVA, HTML5 i PHP languages, follow the establishing communication methods. Finally, the chapter will illustrate two practical examples of IoT: the example for pagination on a large database with million BLOB and CLOB objects, and the example for dynamic mechatronic system of a fire truck with feedback.