Quality and Estimative of Time-Consuming of Tiúba Honey (Melipona fasciculata Smith) Produced in Cerrado Region from Maranhão State, Brasil

The cerrado region from Maranhão State introduce an optimum floristic potential necessary for the implementation of meliponiculture. The tiúba honeys quality´s arising from the municipalities of Jenipapo dos Vieiras, Fernando Falcão, Barra do Corda and Riachão have been evaluated through the analysis of total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, insoluble solids and ashes. The time that tiúba honey has to be consumed was estimated to be 120 days, through of the physical-chemicals parameters of umidity, diastasic activity, hydroxymethylfurfural, pH, acidity, reducing sugars, apparent sucrose and through VillasBôas and Malaspina`s purpose in agreement with brazilian legislation for Apis mellifera honeys, considering the absence of a legislation for the meliponini honeys (stingless bees).

Evaluation of the efficiency of qualitative test of chloride for investigation milk adulteration

<p class="Padro">The milk is a sensitive product for fraud, being the water addition the commom forms and is considered a economic fraud, once your composition changes. The commom substances used for fudge the water presence is the sodium chloride, characterized with restorative, in order to correct the milk density and cryoscopy. The objective of this work is evaluate the quality and sensibility of qualitative analysis of chlorides for detection water or salt. Were collected 96 milk samples of cows in different stages of lactation and the milk underwent the qualitative choride research and Somatic Cells Count analysis. The results demonstrate that chlorides evidence can’t be used for detection frauds, because observed the presence of chlorides in fresh milk for animals, in other words, which wasn’t subject for frauds.</p>

Cassava starch (Manihot esculenta Crantz) esterified with stearic acid

<p>The objective of this study was to esterification cassava starch with stearic acid, to obtain starches with emulsifying properties, stabilizing and encapsulant of oleic acid. The cassava starch was treated with stearic acid in an alkaline medium (pH 8.0, 9.0, 11.0 and 13.0) and catalyzed by microwave radiation, to obtain the saturated ester starch. The percentage of esterification and degree of substitution (DS), the swelling power and solubility, the apparent viscosity of gels, emulsifying activity and the stability of the emulsions prepared with the modified starches were determined. The use of modified starch in the encapsulation of oleic acid and salad dressings was assessed. The pH of the reaction influences the content and esterification in the GS, only sample evaluated at pH 13.0 showed no percentage esterification. The modification reduced apparent viscosity, the swelling power and the solubility of the granules. Esterification at pH 8.0, 9.0 and 11.0 increased the emulsifying stability and encapsulation efficiency of the starches. Could not find correlation between encapsulation efficiency and the hydrophobicity of the starches. The application of modified starch in sauces like mayonnaise for salads did not show favorable results since the emulsion formed was not stabilized. The emulsion stability was compromised due to low viscosity of the starches after modification</p>

Development of resistant starch from cassava: From the Concept to the Practice

<p>This paper deals with the study of functional foods and its importance in health, with the development of resistant cassava starch (ARM) performed on two levels: the theoretical or conceptual and experimental. The methodology involved the steps for the production of ARM, taking the cassava starch (sweet cassava) treated with food grade chemicals and evaluated experimentally "in vitro" and "in vivo". Allied to this step we constitute a study of functional foods in order to establish a theoretical framework for conceptualizing the development this type of food. In the case of modified cassava starch to take resistant starch, the results indicate an opening for further research in the field of functional foods.</p>

Obtention of esterified green banana flour with lactic acid

<p>The aim of this study was to produce green banana flour, modify it through esterification with lactic acid (2.5%) at 110ºC, and utilize it as a parcial substitute of fat in bakery products. It was evaluated the percentage of lactilo formation, apparent viscosity, solubility and swelling power, paste clarity, retrogradation and specific volume of the cake. The results showed that the esterification process occurred on the flour by lactic acid. It was observed an increase in the solubility index of the samples, which can be related by a higher starch hydrolysis of the flour, by lactic acid, with the increase of the heat treatment time. The addition of lactic acid to the flour, followed by drying at 50ºC or heat treatment at 110ºC caused the increase of the swelling power of the samples comparing with the native flour. In the analysis of the apparent viscosity, it was observed that the modified samples and submitted to the heat treatment, was lower than the native sample without heat treatment. In the determination of the clarity of the paste, it was detected that the samples treated with lactic acid and submitted to the heat treatment had a increase in the clarity as the increase of the heat treatment time. The evaluation of the propensity for retrogradation showed a strong water release for all the samples. In the characterization of the cakes, it was found that the green banana flour, esterified with lactic acid (2.5%) through heat treatment, allowed its application in bakery products with low fat content.</p>

Craft Beer elaboration from partial replacement of malt by honey

In recent years, two trends has excelled in the universe Brewer: getting beer from concentrated musts and the elaboration of beer using special assistants, which may or not aromatize the same, in order to obtain unique sensory attributes in products obtained. The honey of Apis mellifera, is raw material quite favorable to the alcoholic fermentation for being rich in carbohydrates, minerals and low acidity. The present study aimed to develop artisanal beer, using honey as malt and partial substituent as natural flavouring of craft beers. Four different formulations were made of beer, being a replacement for malt-free honey and three other formulations, with respectively 10%, 20% and 30% of honey. Based on the results observed it was concluded that the use of honey in the three levels of substitution allowed obtaining higher-alcohol beers (5.21, 5.76 and 5.57% v/v) in respect of conventional beer (4.86%, v/v). According to the sensory tests the drink proved with consumption potential, since the beers showed distinct features and samples containing honey were the most accepted. Considering that this type of beer is not traditionally consumed in Brazil, this work aims to broaden scientific knowledge in the area of manufacturing technology of honey beers, since the subject is of great importance to enlarge the market of this product.

Achievement of Jabuticaba vinegar by spontaneous fermentation

Vinegar is a very popular food used as a condiment and preservative, however, manufacturers have produced vinegar from raw materials of low quality and without economic value, not being given importance to this product. As jabuticaba presents considerable amounts of soluble solids, vitamin C and phenolic compounds, it’s use in the production of vinegar would be an alternative, resulting in a product with higher added value. The aim of this study was to produce vinegar from jabuticaba by spontaneous fermentation changing evaluating the fermentation conditions: concentration of sugar and ratio water/jabuticaba, their influence on fermented. Product fermentations were monitored by determination of pH, acidity, total soluble solids (TSS) and reducing sugars in glucose. After stabilization of TSS the ethanol content was determined. The ethanol content obtained ranged from 2.1 to 10.7%. The addition of sugar had a positive effect on ethanol production and the increase of ratio water/jabuticaba had negative effect, both significant (p &lt; 0.05). Assays with higher ethanol concentrations (7.8 and 10.7%) resulted in products with lower acidity. Nevertheless, the central points (5.2, 5.7% ethanol) presented higher levels of acidity (~ 3% acetic acid), suggesting a possible inhibition of acetic bacteria naturally present in the must, at concentrations of ethanol above 5%.

Characterization and application of blueberry pulp (Vaccinium sp.) fresh and powder in frozen yogurt

The choice for a healthy diet that enhances quality of life has increased in recent years causing food manufacturers seek to meet consumer demand, differentiating products and services. Regular consumption of fermented foods like yogurt and frozen foods rich in antioxidants such as blueberries is recognized as beneficial to maintaining good health. This effect is attributed, in part, the lactic acid bacteria used in the preparation of frozen yogurt that has therapeutic properties and the presence of phenolic compounds present in blueberries, which counteract the effect of free radicals. Thus the aim of this study was to develop and characterize pulp added frozen yogurt blueberry and fresh powder. The yogurt made with frozens pulps were characterized and compared with a control formulation with added red dye Bordeaux. From the analyzes, it was concluded that the pulp of fresh blueberries showed levels of total phenolics and flavonoids in higher amounts in the pulp powder can be a viable alternative to coloring of in natura instead of artificial coloring.

Sterilization Plant simulation of whole milk UHT Type through the Aspen plus

<p>The milk sterilization process aims to diminish or extinguish the microbial load present in the food in order to reduce possible damage arising of the metabolic processes of microorganisms that might be present in food. The system currently used in milk processing plants have direct injection principle oversaturated steam in a certain volume of milk in order to establish microbiological reduction, then the product is directed to a tank where flash evaporation condensed the steam is taken off after the product part to the homogenizer where fat molecules are broken making the standardized product. In this whole process is used a system called VTIS (Vacum Therm Instant Steriliser) developed by Tetra Pak company that consists of a piece of equipment back to the sterilization of liquid foods. The computational model used the Aspen plus programmable plataform that by means of unit operations allows you to predict the behavior of a process, this plataform lets you interactively vary some elements of the process in order to obtain desired results through the flowsheets of feed compositions and operating conditions. The ASPEN plus enables the realization of sensitivity analysis, generation of graphs and tables, estimation, regression of physic-chemical properties, settings of simulation models the operative data, equipment sizing, cost analysis, and data input sheets of calculations. As a result was able to reproduce a process without the need for costs.</p>