Effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing on Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review

<p>Diabetes mellitus is a health problem that will affect the health status of patients. Motivational interviewing a counseling technique focusing on clients and it is designed for helping individuals explore and accomplish ambivalence in behavior. This systematic review aimed at describing effectiveness motivationaI interviewing on self-management of diabetes mellitus type 2 patients. There are 1359 articles of 526 ScienceDirect articles, 422 ProQuest, 290 PubMed, and 121 Ebsco articles. The systematic review method began by identifying 20 articles from four electronic databases for previous studies that were published during 2011-2021. The results of the systematic review obtained that motivational interviewing can provide improved self-management and control blood glucose DM type 2 patients. The conclusion motivational interviewing can affect the patient's self-management especially on blood glucose profile, dietary compliance, quality of life, self-efficacy, HbA1c levels of DM type 2 patients.</p>

Effect of Artemisia vulgaris Extract on Granzyme Expression and Tumor Mass Diameter (Study of Adriamycin Cyclophosphamide Chemotherapy in Adenocarcinoma Mammae C3H Mice Model)

<p>Breast cancer incident continues to increase globally. The surgical management can be combined with other therapeutic modalities, including chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy, such as Artemisia vulgaris (AV). This study aimed to determine the effect of AV extract on Granzyme expression and tumor mass diameter growth of C3H mice with adenocarcinoma mammae. Twenty-four female C3H mice were randomly divided into groups of K (control), P1 (AC chemotherapy), P2 (AV extract), and P3 (combination). Adenocarcinoma mammae were inoculated from donor mice. Two cycles of chemotherapy by Adriamycin 0.18 mg and Cyclophosphamide 1.8 mg were given intravenously, while Artemisia vulgaris 13 mg (0.2 ml) was given orally once per day. Granzyme expression was assessed using immunohistochemical staining, while tumor mass diameter growth was measured using tumor calipers. There was a significant negative correlation between and tumor mass diameter growth (p=0,001 and r=-0,911). Artemisia vulgaris increases the apoptotic effects of Adriamycin-Cyclophosphamide chemotherapy by increasing Granzyme expression and decreasing tumor mass diameter growth in adenocarcinoma mammae C3H mice.</p>

Penoscrotal Hypospadias, A 4- Year Follow-Up

Penoscrotal hypospadias, a severe congenital abnormality, can interfere with urinary, sexual, and aesthetic functions. This paper reports a 2-year follow-up of a penoscrotal hypospadias after urethroplasty using the Koyanagi-Nonomura technique. After surgery, there are some complication of urethrocutaneus fistula and infectio. This patient undergoes urethrocutaneus fistula repair and chateter was inserted into the new urethra which was resulted in normal urination function and penis size.

Anal Extrusion of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt: A Case Report and Review of Literature

<p>Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) Shunt is a commonly performed surgical procedure and offers a good result in the treatment of hydrocephalus. In general, 25% of the complication rate of this surgical procedure is abdominal complications. Anal extrusion of a peritoneal catheter is a rare complication ranging from 0.1 to 0.7% of all shunt surgeries. This study presents a rare case of anal extrusion of ventriculoperitoneal shunt in a 1-year-old female child who was asymptomatic. The physical examination revealed swelling and redness along the shunt tract on the retro auricular region, soft abdomen, and no catheter was observed in the anal. This study found several contributing factors affecting the complications in the anal extrusion of a peritoneal catheter, that are thin bowel wall in children and sharp tip and stiff end of VP shunt. The shunt should be disconnected from the abdominal wall, and the lower end should be removed through the rectum by colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy/proctoscopy or by applying gentle traction on the protruding tube. This study concludes that due to potentially life-threatening consequences and case rarity, thorough anamnesis, physical examination, and objective investigation are needed to determine the appropriate management for anal extrusion of ventriculoperitoneal shunt. </p>

Relationship between Assertive Communication and Cyber-​​bullying in Adolescents

<p>The mandatory use of online facilities during the Covid-19 period has a great opportunity to increase the problem of cyber bullying at all levels of education. The concept of assertiveness cannot be separated from cyber bullying and it is known that communicating assertively can prevent cyber bullying even though it is difficult to implement. The complexity of the psychological problems of victims of cyber bullying requires comprehensive management. This analytical descriptive study with a cross sectional approach aims to analyze the relationship between assertive communication and cyber bullying by involving 151 student participants and high school students in Palembang. The data was collected using an assertive scale and a cyber-bullying scale, which was distributed online using a Google form. From Kendall's tau-b statistical test, it is known that there is a relationship between assertive communication and cyber bullying (p=0.026). It is recommended that the education sector implement self-awareness, empathy, assertive communication and conflict resolution training to prevent the increasing number of cyber bullying's victim. The academic and managerial sectors are expected to facilitate promotion through educational media about using online facilities intelligently by respecting human dignity.</p>

Lactic Acid Bacteria (Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophillus) in Yogurt Inhibit the Growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella sp. In Vitro

Diarrhea is defecation with a frequency more often than usual (three times or more) a day (10 mL/kg/day) with a soft or liquid consistency, even in the form of water alone. Pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella sp., play a role in many cases, to which antibiotics are prescribed as the first-line therapy. However, since antibiotic resistance cases are often found, preventive therapies are needed, such as consuming yogurt, which is produced through a fermentation process by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). This research aimed to determine the activity of lactic acid bacteria (Liactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) in yogurt in inhibiting the growth of the pathogenic bacteria E. coli, S. typhimurium, and Shigella sp. The research applied in vitro with the liquid dilution test method and the true experimental design research method with post-test-only and control group design. The design was used to see the inhibitory effect of yogurt LAB on the growth of E. coli, S. typhimurium, and Shigell sp. to compare the effect of several different yogurt concentrations, namely 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. The results of the Least Significance Different analysis showed that there was a significant difference between yogurt with a concentration of 0% and that with various concentrations in inhibiting the growth of E. coli, S. typhimurium, and Shigella sp. with a p-value of &lt;0.05. Whereas, there was no significant difference in the various concentrations of yogurt in inhibiting the growth of the three kinds of bacteria with a p-value of &gt; 0.05.<p class="Default" align="center"> </p>

Cardiovascular Outcomes in High-Risk Patients Undergoing OPCAB Surgery Compared to Traditional CABG

<p>The benefit of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) for coronary artery disease (CAD) with Ejection Fraction (EF) 30% and ischemic burden (IB) 10% is still debatable. The objective of this study is to analyze mortality and morbidity in patients with EF 30% and ischemic burden 10% undergoing OPCAB compared to traditional CABG (TCABG). The retrospective analytic cohort study was performed using data from January 2015–November 2018 at National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita Jakarta, Indonesia. 109 patients were included. 35 patients undergoing OPCAB and 74 patients undergoing TCABG. The primary outcomes were mortality rate, morbidity rate, and length of stay. Arrhythmia is statistically lower in OPCAB compared to TCABG (8.6% vs 39.2%; p=0.001). Kidney injury is statistically lower in OPCAB (8.6% vs 27.0 %; p=0.027). Stroke is statistically lower in OPCAB (1.0 % vs 17.6%; p=0,032). There is no significant difference between OPCAB and TCABG in mortality, 5.7% vs 16.2%, (RR=3.20; CI 95%=0.67–15.12; p= 0.126). There was a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of postoperative morbidity in CAD patients with EF &lt;30% and IB&lt;10% who underwent OPCAB surgery compared with patients who underwent TCABG. Mortality that occurred after OPCAB procedure was lower in CAD patients with EF &lt; 30% and IB&lt;10% compared to TCABG although the statistical difference was not significant. Therefore, patients with this condition are more advisable to undergo OPCAB.</p>

Characteristics of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Patients Undergoing Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)

<p class="EnglishAbstract">Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases affecting the elderly, and Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) is a gold standard surgical procedure in BPH patients. Although the TURP rate is high, the publication of TURP profile data in Indonesia is still limited. This study aimed at determining the characteristics of BPH patients who underwent TURP at Saiful Anwar General Hospital. This study is a descriptive study by collecting data of 162 BPH patients who underwent TURP from January 2015 to August 2017. TURP is primarily performed in patients aged 61-70 years (39.5%). Recurrent urinary retention was the most common indication for the procedure (54.9%) followed by bladder stone (21%), pharmacological therapy failure (10.5%), inguinal hernia (8%), severe Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) (3.7%), and renal insufficiency (1.9%). As many as 58% of patients who underwent TURP had a prostate volume higher than 50 ml. Urinary retention is the most common complaint among BPH patients who underwent TURP, and recurrent urinary retention is the most common TURP indicator. </p>

Clinical Response of Convalescent Plasma Therapy in COVID-19 Patients in Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital

<p>The use of convalescent plasma has been beneficial for more than a century to treat various infections. The lack of effective treatment currently available for COVID-19 has reemerged the use of convalescent plasma as a potential therapeutic option. This is an observational descriptive study in 13 COVID-19 patient who got convalescent Plasma. Consist of 11 (84%) male patient, 2 (16%) female patient. Divided into two groups based on severity, and outcome. 38% patient included in severe disesase and 62% patient in critically Ill condition. 30% patient who got convalescent plasma deceased, and 70% had a resolve condition.</p>

Factors Associated with Fatigue in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review

<p>Fatigue is the primary complaint most frequently reported by patients on hemodialysis. The importance of knowing the factors related to fatigue is a strategy that can be carried out by health workers in optimally applying interventions to reduce patient fatigue problems. This systematic review aimed to determine the factors associated with fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The systematic review method began by identifying research articles in the Pubmed, ProQuest, Ebsco, and ScienceDirect databases in 2011–2020. Review protocol was using PRISMA. Based on the results of the analysis, it was obtained 23 articles that discussed demographic factors, physiological factors, socioeconomic factors, situational factors, and psychological factors that could be associated with fatigue in hemodialysis patients. There is much to learn about fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis, including causative factors, assessment of severity, and effective management of fatigue so that it can be used as a benchmark for determining appropriate interventions.</p>