Natural Polymers for Biodegradable Dressings to Save the Environment

The current fashion system uses high volumes of non-renewable resources to produce clothes, being responsible for 10% of the global greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere every year and 20%of the global water wasted. At the same time people are buying 60%more clothing than 15 Years ago, which going in the landfills, causes 92 million tons of waste each year. This waste has been further increased by the surgical masks used for COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, a new way of designing and producing clothing needs to be incorporated into the current system to facilitate its recycling making it more circular. New tissues, therefore, are proposed made by natural polysaccharides, embedded by micro- Nano capsules of chitin Nano fibrils and Nano lignin all obtained as by- products from food and forestry waste respectively. Thus, pollution and waste will be reduced and the natural raw materials will be maintained for the future generations.

Aerodynamic and Micro-Fluidic Effect in Masks with Impact in Covid-19 and Other Pandemic Propagation

US has ignored the hierarchy of pandemic control, misinformed population on virus propagation needed protection by using masks and other complementary protection measures facilitating the human disaster. The population mindset was to dismiss science, the virus and hope to dodge the pandemic with a fabric over the mouth and a free vaccine that will result in more than 600,000 deaths, and over 30 Million infected. In fact, masks are filters, and have a limited protection factor, known when used in medical practice. The masks were mainly designed and measured for stopping solid particulates, but when used against aerosolized watery droplets loaded with bio-agents nano-fluidic effects are responsible for anomalous, nonlinear and unpredictable complex behavior. Using an aerodynamic test bench, and various sizes of radioactive nano-powders, we performed measurements on the retention factor dependence for various filter materials of airflow magnitude, temperature, airflow regime, and filter's load. The results showed that a retention function of particle magnitude, measured for particulates, vary with temperature and when filter is used for aerosolized loaded watery droplets, an "atomization" effect happens transforming larger aerosols in finer ones, due to micro-nano-fluidic and aerodynamic instabilities. The measurements showed that pulsed and reciprocating airflow regimes trigger loaded filters to release some of previously retained particles, making the masks offer a reduced protection factor, and imposing special rules of safe usage. It was not told to public that is a contagious person uses correctly a mask, without any lateral leakage, through the mask passes nano-sized, airborne aerosols, containing virioli that float in air for weeks, driven by air currents, and special complementary measures to sterilize or remove the air have to be taken for safety.

Efficacy of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles as Remediators of the Aquatic Environment from Pendimethalin Residues

Pesticides are useful in increasing the quantity and quality of agricultural products. However, over-application or misuse would accumulate their residues in the environments, which might pose threats to non-target organisms and humans. Therefore, this study investigated the sorption of herbicide, pendimethalin (PD) onto titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) surfaces in aqueous solutions. Several experiments were conducted to study the contact time of the nanoparticles with different concentrations of PD under laboratory conditions. The experiments were done at 25 ºC and pH values 7.0. Sorption results were then fitted using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Quantities of 0.5 to 2.5 µg/ml of TiO2 NPs and 50.0 µg/ml of SWCNTs exhibited 100.0% and 99.8% removal of PD, respectively. Small amounts of PD (0.5-2.5 µg/ml) were completely removed (100%) by TiO2NPs and SWCNTs particles. Isotherms displayed adsorption capacities of 1.850 and 2.304 µg/g for TiO2NPs and SWCNTs, respectively, which highlight the elevated potential of cleaning the environment from pendimethalin residues.

The Effect of Annealing Temperature on Structural and Solid State Properties of Aluminium Zinc Oxide (AlZnO) Deposited by Chemical Bath technique

In this work, we studied the effect of annealing temperature on the structural and solid state properties of AlZnO thin films using Chemical bath deposition technique. The thin films grown was annealed at various temperatures of 100oC, 150oC to 200oC The morphological and structural properties were studied using XRD and SEM, while the optical properties were studied using UVVIS Spectroscopy from where the bad gap, dielectric constant, refractive index, extinction coefficient and optical conductivity were deduced from the theoretical equations.From the result, it is observed that there is effect of annealing temperature on these properties such that the grain size and x-ray characteristics depicted different characteristics at these various temperatures.

New mathematical method for detection of the metal-catalyzer traces on the modified electrodes surface

New mathematical approach for characterization of the measured voltammograms (VAGs) obtained for electrodes with catalytic response and modified by nanoparticles of gold (Au) and palladium (Pd) was applied. The cases with tracing concentrations of the electrodeposited catalyzer were considered, when the corresponding VAGs for the solutes containing catalyzer and background coincide practically with each other. Using the catalyzer electrode response of dopamine (DA) and new mathematical approach for description of the remnant current fluctuations, it was shown that becomes possible to extract a useful information from the measured VAGs because of increasing the limits of the signal/noise ratio. The fluctuations of the remnant currents are transformed into a specific “confidence tube” that is used for detection of the VAGs perturbations evoked by the presence of the analyte traces. Using the proposed mathematical method, it becomes possible to achieve the low boundary of the DA detection up to 10-8 M.

Synthesis and Formulation of Powerful ZnO Q-Dots/CNTs@Fe3O4 Nanopackage as a Predominant Anti-HIV-1 Infection

Usage of fine and uniform Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) including super-paramagnetic unique properties developed state of the nanobio-formulations in recent years. We have shown a new formulated nanocomposition of super-paramagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) NPs (as substrate) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (as activator). Besides, ZnO@CNTs was synthesized as a magic assistant/hybrid for ZnO quantum dots nanoparticles (Q-Dots NPs) in this nanopackage. This novel formulated water-based nanofluid product consists of strong stabilizer, suitable dispersant-wetting agent complex and desirable water in oil emulsifier (w/o) package to damage HIV infection (AIDS) type 1. The achieved results demonstrated that smart nanofluid formulation had excellent functions as inhibitor, controller and treatment (Antiretroviral therapy (ART)) for HIV-1 integrase and could act as strong oxidizing agent. The nanofluid product was completely characterized with SEM morphology, TEM images, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD pattern, UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, EDS and mapping of internal layers for one of the SEM surface morphology. Moreover, HIV-1 replication Assay, RT (reverse transcriptase) Assay, integrase assay, and cytotoxicity tests were performed and compared with Zidovudine (ZDV) and Raltegravir (RAL) as control antiretroviral medications. The specific interaction of this nanopackage with the target RNA and DNA proteins has been very interesting through main redox reactions.

Nanobiosensor Technology

Nanobiosensor explore centers around creating innovations that can make huge commitments in the zones of human and infection marker location, promising environmental remediation, nano-and biomaterials portrayal, and biocatalyst advancement. These innovations appear as nanometrically designed with improved functionality and characteristics to be employed in a diverse array of applications.

The Magnetic and Structural Properties of the Alloys of Iron Produced by Mechanical Alloying

In this study, nanostructured powders, (Fe65Co35) 100-x Crx with (x=0, 10), were synthesized by a high-energy mechanical grinding process, usually used to obtain soft magnetic systems. For this purpose, the metal elements Fe, Co and Cr, of respective purities 99.9, 99.8 and 99.5% and of average size less than one hundred microns, were milled at different times, ranging from 1 hour to 36 hours. In a second step, the nanopowders obtained were characterized by several techniques, namely X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. The analysis of the results obtained showed the complete formation of the (Fe65Co35) and (Fe65Co35) 90Cr10 phases from 12 hours of grinding. For (Fe65Co35), the remnant field Br and the saturation magnetization Ms have similar evolutions namely, a decrease between 8h and 24h, followed by an increase until the end of the grinding. In addition, the high values of Br and Hc suggest that this system is magnetically hard. The presence of chrome in the ternary (Fe65Co35) 90Cr10 amplifies the maximum value of Hc, while maintaining a similar behavior.

Development of Nanostructured-based Composites as Advanced Thermal Interface Materials

Thermal management is one of the most critical issues in electronics due to increasing power densities. This problem is getting even worse for small and sophisticated devices due to air gaps present between the heat source and heat sink. Thermal interface materials (TIM) are used to reduce the air gaps and significantly increase the heat transfer capability of the system. A high-thermal-performance, cost-effective and reliable TIM would be needed to dissipate the generated heat, which could enable significant reductions in weight, volume and cost of the thermal management system. In this study a number of different nanostructured materials are reviewed for potential use as a filler material in our effort to develop advanced TIM composite. Some of the candidate filler materials considered is Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene and Few Layer Graphene (FLG), Boron Nitride Nanotubes (BNNT) and Boron Nitride Nanomesh (BNNM) and Boron Arsenide (BAs). Objective is to identify composition of boron arsenide as filler in polymer-nanostructured material composite TIM for high heat flux applications. In order to design boron-arsenide-based TIM composite with enhanced effective thermal conductivity, a number of metallic and nonmetallic base-filler material composites are considered with varying filler fractions. Empirical mixture models based on effective medium theories (EMT) are evaluated for estimating effective conductivity of the two-component boron arsenide-filler composite TIM structure.

Applying Segmentation Pattern Analysis to Investigate Postprandial Plasma Glucose Characteristics and Behaviors of the Carbs/Sugar Intake Amounts In Different Nations (GH Method: Math-Physical Medicine)

In this paper, the author presents the results of his national segmentation pattern analysis of the sensor PPG data based on both high-carb and low-carb intake amounts. It also verified his earlier findings on the communication model between the brain and internal organs such as the stomach, liver, and pancreas.