Uji Aktivitas Antinosiseptif Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Dandang Gendis [Clinacanthus nutans (Burn F) Lindau] Dan Daun Bakung (Crinum asiaticum L.) secara In Vivo

The development of new and effective pain medications that are natural isexpected to have the benefits of treatment. The purpose of this study was todetermine the antinociceptive effectiveness of a combination of 75% ethanolextract from dandang gendis leaves and 96% ethanol fraction of bakungleaf. In this study was used chemical method induction (Sigmund's method)in 25 male mice which were divided into 5 treatment groups, namelytreatment group I as negative control was given CMC 0.5%, treatmentgroup II as positive control was given acetosal 100 mg / kg BW, treatmentgroups III, IV and V were given combinations extract. Each group was giventreatment orally, thirty minutes then induced with 0.6% acetic acidintraperitonially, after which it was observed and counted for the amount ofstretching for sixty minutes. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test.The results of this study showed that all treatment groups had a significantdifference (p <0.05), the combination of 75% ethanol extract dandanggendis leaf and 96% ethanol fraction of bakung leaf with a dose of 100 mg/ kg BW had good effectiveness with a percent effectiveness value of 92.50%.The results of this study indicate that the combination of 75% ethanolextract from dandang gendis leaf (Clinacanthus nutans (Burn F) Lindau)and 96% ethanol fraction from bakung leaf (Crinum asiaticum) with thesame concentration ratio, have relatively higher antinociceptive of theactivity of each extract, in other words both of them work together.

Screening of Antibacterial Activities of the Endophytic Fungi Isolated from the Leaves of Medinilla speciosa Blume

Endophytes or endophytic fungi have been investigated as a store house of bioactive compound. This study was aimed to evaluate the potential antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Medinilla speciosa Blume. The antibacterial test was determined by measuring the inhibition zone with disk-diffusion method. Twenty endophytes were isolated from the leaves of Medinilla speciosa Blume and identified morphologically. The results demonstrated that ten isolates showed variation in their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, and Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 13313. Further investigation will be needed to explore and identify the bioactive molecules of the isolated endophytic fungi.

Combination Gel Formulation Extracts of Moringa Leaf and Red Betel Leaf as an Inhibitor of Acne-Causing Bacteria (Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus aureus)

The most common skin disorder is acne (Acne vulgaris) which is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in the pilosebaceous unit. Infection can be caused by Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. Moringa leaves are known to inhibit acne growth. Piper crocatum leaves are also thought to have antibacterial activity. The study aims to determine the effect of the combination of the two extracts in inhibiting the growth of acne-causing bacteria, also tested the gel formula to meet physical and chemical parameters as well as stability to temperature and storage, also to test the acute dermal irritation against rabbit. Each extract with a concentration of 0.3%; 0.6%; 1.25%; 2.5%; 5%; 10%; 20%, incubated then measured the inhibition zone, then determined the minimum inhibition zone concentration of the two extracts to determine the lowest levels of the extracts which still gave antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria by the well diffusion method. The extract combination was formulated in a gel preparation with the excipients Carbopol 940, PG, Phenoxyethanol, TEA, CMC, and Aquadest. Antibacterial activity test for gel preparations used the well method with positive control Medi-Klin® gel. Then the formula evaluation includes physical, chemical, and microbiological evaluations. The results showed that the combination gel form had activity against P. acne and S. aureus at concentrations of 2.5% : 2.5%. The combination gel preparation of the two extracts also has synergistic effect in inhibiting acne bacteria. The formula can meet physical and chemical parameters and is stable to temperature and storage.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Total Flavonoid Content in Biancaea Sappan (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Leaves

Biancaea sappan (BS) is traditionally used to treat anticonvulsants, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, anticoagulant, antiviral, immunostimulant, antioxidant, and antimicrobial treatments. Flavonoids are found in Secang; flavonoids are secondary metabolites that have antioxidant activity. This study aims to identify the flavonoids using TLC and determination of flavonoids content in BS leaves. Initially, The methanol extract of BS was obtained by maceration with ethanol. The qualitative analysis of flavonoid was using TLC and visualization by sprayed with AlCl3. The determination of total flavonoid content is conducted based on the AlCl3 method with total flavonoids expressed in QE (Quercetin equivalent) at the maximum wavelength of 431 nm. The research results showed that BS leaves contain flavonoids and the total flavonoid content of BS leaf extract is 1.0318 mg QE / g extract.Keywords: Caesalpinia sappan; Flavonoid content, Spectrophotometric

Determination of Total Phenolic Content of The Stem Bark Extract of Nyirih (Xylocarpus granatum J. Koeing) Using UV - Vis Spectrophotometry Method

Nyirih is a plant from the Meliaceae family with the Latin name Xylocarpus granatum J.Koeing, this nyirih spreads in tropical waters and does not cluster in certain areas. This study aims to determine the total phenolic content of the stem bark extract of nyirih (Xylocarpus granatum J.Koeing) using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The stem bark extract of nyirih (Xylocarpus granatum J. Koeing) was obtained with maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. Determination of total phenolic content based on the Folin-Ciocalteau method, where the addition of 7% sodium carbonate provides an alkaline atmosphere that will produce phenolic ions. Furthermore, it will reduce Follin to form a blue complex. At a maximum wavelength of 755 nm, the results showed that the average total phenolic content of the stem bark extract of nyirih (Xylocarpus granatum J. Koeing) was 6.163 mg GAE / g extract.

Radiolabeled curcumin as β amyloid imaging and tumor targeting imaging agents

Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound, derived from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. Curcumin shows potential pharmacological action against numerous disorders, including cancer, neurodegenerative, and infection diseases. Curcumin-based molecular imaging agents could be useful for early detection of Alzheimer Disease and tumor and monitor the progress of therapy. Radiolabeled curcumin and its derivatives become promising compounds as imaging agents. In this review, radiolabeled curcumin bearing radionuclides including fluorine-18, Technetium-99m, Iodine-125, and Gallium-68 are reviewed as an effort to develop curcumin-based probes not only for β amyloid imaging but also for tumor imaging.