Interaction of Nootropic Drugs with Neurotransmitter Enzyme Acetylcholinesterase: An Insilico Approach: A Review

Nootropic drugs are the class of drugs or supplements that are claimed to enhance cognitive functions, specifically executive functions, memory and creativity in healthy individual. They are sometime referred as cognitive enhancers or smart drugs as they are associated with memory improvement functioning. Some of them are well known drugs and clinically approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). All metabolic reactions are purely dependent on enzymatic actions as they play a very important role in regulating and maintaining most of the biological responses and various processes. An enzyme Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) seems to play an essential role in the conduction of cholinergic brain synapses and neuromuscular junctions. There have been different nootropic drugs identified and approved for curing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer, Parkinson and Huntington's disease. Their binding efficiency and energy have been well studied an established by using the in-silico docking tools. There are different docking tools available today for analysis of molecules such as PyRx, Auto dock and schrodinger suite. The advent of these tools is being widely used by the pharmaceutical industries for the virtual screening of the formulated drugs against the desired target molecule. It has made the drug formulation process more time efficient and cost effective. Thus, an in-silico approach has been widely accepted for drug discovery and its design.

A Review Article on Pharmacologic Evaluation, Botanical report and Calming uses of Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. and Dioscorea pentaphylla Linn.

The present-day investigation focuses on the Pharmacologic revision of the climbers of D. bulbifera L &. D. pentaphylla L. (Dioscoreaceae). Climbers have been deliberate from diverse angles of morphological and, residue scrutiny, and extractive standards. Morphological analysis discovered nature, dimensions, aroma and flavour of tubers. The genus Dioscorea have its place to the family Dioscoreaceae, universally recognized as yam, consist of nearly 600 sps. Scattered all over the earth realm, but customarily in steamy section. Most sps. encompass steroid saponins and correspondingly sapogenins, such as diosgenin, which is preparatory quantifiable for blend of various steroidal hormones castoff as anti-inflammatory, androgenic estrogenic and contraceptive drugs. Associates of the genre Dioscorea are one of ancient tuber crop cultured or garnered from uninhabited in steamy constituency all over earth realm and set up one of the key food element for various indigenous groups. Genus is reflected to be amid the most primeval angiosperms and was recognized to occur and broaden the horizons nearly 75 M. Yrs. past in segments of southern celestial-sphere at the termination of the cretaceous period