Crucial Strategies to Solve Communicative Breakdown

English has increasingly become international language for business and commerce, science and technology, international relations and diplomacy. Due to this fact, the purpose of learning a foreign language is communication. Through communication, people send and receive messages and negotiate meaning. Communication has different forms and takes place in different situations. People communicate to satisfy their needs. Heterogeneous interaction is carried out by a native speaker and a non-native one in the purpose of exchanging of ideas, information between two or more individuals. There is usually, at least one speaker or sender, a message which transmitted, and an individual or individuals for whom this message is intended. Communication breakdowns may happen to anybody communicating in a language other than their dominating language. This problem, surely, can be solved but how? The primary aim of this article is to investigate the heterogeneous communication process in the terms of possible breakdown which happens to all people while communicating, so that they are unable to get their messages across express what they mean and what they understand. The author highlights crucial strategies toward solving these disruptions.

Optimal Use of the Sixth Sense in Devkota’s Poem “The Lunatic”

“The Lunatic” is one of Devkota’s widely read and intensely discussed poems by critics, teachers and university level students in Nepal. It has already been studied from structural, thematic and contextual perspectives by other writers, but this article writer attempts to pinpoint the poet’s optimal use of the sixth sense to perceive the people and society mentioned in the poem. The article writer underscores some poetic lines that reflect the utilization of the sixth sense which implies an extra-sensory perception beyond ordinary senses of seeing, hearing, touching, smelling and tasting. These five natural senses are not sufficient to grasp the meanings and messages of the poem. This poem will be better understood if readers are capable of examining the poet’s sixth sense with which he perceives the persons and their deeds in society.

The Place of Skepticism in the 21st Century Gnoseological Debate: Selecting Logical Positivism and Postmodernism

This study is centered on The Place of Skepticism in the 21st Century Gnoseological Debate: Selecting Logical Positivism and Postmodernism. Within the context of Western philosophy, skepticism, which arguably began in the ancient times with the likes of Gorgias neither ends with the Contra Academicos of St. Augustine nor with Kant’s noumena as some scholars argued. Skepticism is an indispensable part of epistemic discourse that cuts across diverse ages of philosophical discipline ranging from the ancient, medieval, modern, and contemporary; and also permeates all the branches of philosophy. The philosophical postulates of the logical positivists who unequivocally argued that any proposition that cannot be subjected to their verification principle is meaningless, was occasioned by skepticism. The postmodernist philosophers’ argument against objective knowledge, grand totalizing, and their downplaying of foundationalism, was orchestrated by skepticism. It is the position of this study that skepticism is not only a continuum, but most importantly, the episteme-vitae (the life-wire of epistemology). As a necessary evil in the philosophical discipline skepticism is an inevitable driving force in the 21st century gnoseological debate, and instrumentum laboris (instrument of labour) in the hands of philosophers. The research methods employed in this work include: analytic, contextual, historical, and textual.

The Omnipresent Past: Dystopian Trends in Nadine Gordimer’s No Time Like the Present

This paper seeks to analyze the dystopian character of Nadine Gordimer’s No Time Like the Present and demonstrate the claustrophobic nature of post-apartheid South Africa. The problem in this paper is to investigate the way in which Gordimer’s novel interprets the perceived socio-political evolution of her country. Our point of departure is that post-apartheid South Africa is not healed of its turbulent past and this past haunts and torments it till date. This article foregrounds the argument that the dystopian nature of Gordimer’s last novel is evident in the fact it captures the crash of dreams for an egalitarian, non-racial society; it portrays the repression and failure of individual efforts to improve society; and it describes poverty, violence and anarchy as society’s unchanging norms. Using postcolonial literary theory, this paper shows how No Time Like the Present narrates the entanglement of South Africans at a time when political morass and socio-economic inequalities abort anti-apartheid expectations. This paper arrives at the conclusion that No Time Like the Present is a dystopian novel in which grim, absurd realities are portrayed to show how remote and unfamiliar the present is when compared with expectations nurtured in the past.

Zulu Empire Decolonised: The Epic Story of the Zulu from Pre-Colonial Times to the 21st Century by Shalo Mbatha Johannesburg, South Africa: iZigi Publishing, 2021, p. 392. ISBN: 978-0-620-89782-2

The Zulu Empire is one of the well-known empires in Africa and the world. It is well-known for having resisted and militarily defeated the English army in the battle of Isandlwana. However, history writers who predominantly wrote from the outsider perspective distorted a lot of historical events. This article reviews a book written by Shalo Mbatha entitled “Zulu Empire Decolonised: The Epic Story of the Zulu from Pre-colonial Times to the 21st Century”. The article argues how the title remains true to the project of decolonisation. It further demonstrates how Shalo reverses the popular history created by colonisers by presenting events as known by those who lived through them. Her greatest success is in writing the history in the language of the colonised, thus restoring their dignity and having them rewrite their own history.

The Role of Service Promotional Mix on Customer Satisfaction; Case Study of Agriculture and Rural Development Bank in Djelfa

Now days, the issues of promotional efforts of banking services are becoming more complicated, in today’s competitive environment, in terms of competing effectively with other financial institutions. In banking sector communication elements are especially important, they help to create powerful images, confidence and a sense of reliability to achieve customers’ satisfaction.The main purpose of this study is to reach a better understanding of the promotion’s strategies in financial institutions. In order to reach this target we’ve conducted a questionnaire for clients of our case study bank, to examine the role that the promotion mix components play in terms of reaching the bank customers’ satisfaction. The results show that the personal selling plays an important role on achieving customer satisfaction.

Colonialism and Its Effect on African Conflict

Colonialism is a major part of Africa’s history and therefore plays a major role in the types of conflict present in the continent. While in the international community, there seems to be more inter-state and economic conflicts, African conflicts are characterised by internal differences, hence intra-state conflicts. Though there were five major colonial powers present in Africa, this study explores the two major ones- Anglophone and Francophone. Both forms of colonialism share some similarities which are explored in this paper. As with the different policies practiced by both France and Britain, there are differences in the form of colonialism and how it was administered. These differences are explored in this paper. Finally, this paper analyses the effect of colonialism on the type of conflict most common in Africa. This paper answers the question of post-colonial experiences in Africa and its effects on the types of conflict present in the continent.

The Dialect Features and Distinguish Approach of Scottish English (Note 1)

If standard official language is a glass of water, the dialect is like soup with a flavor of your hometown. The locals in Scotland pride themselves on speaking English with a Scottish accent, but its obscurity always leaves us at a loss. In order to understand Scottish English dialects better, this article first briefly analyzes the language classification in Scotland. Then, using empirical research methods, interviews with the 10 most representative speakers of Scottish English dialects are selected from the eight regions of Scotland. The audio is used as a research corpus. The corpus is 49 minutes and 17 seconds long, with a total number of 9293 words. It focuses on the analysis of the accent, vocabulary, and grammatical structure of the Scottish English dialect. Finally, suggestions are made on Scottish English listening and discerning ability training.

Paradoxical Education: Learning to Unlearn What We Think We Have Learned

There is no shortage of pedagogical theories from the tradition formal methods of instruction to the free-play methods of unschooling. A sharp shift in education and instruction models took place with the introduction of critical pedagogy. The focus was no longer on the authority of the teacher and the submissive, passive approach taken by the learner, but rather on the engagement between the two. Still, even when critical pedagogy is utilized in a formal model of education something is missing from the system—experiential learning. Although the unschooling method has been criticized it does provide the benefit of experiential learning. This paper explores the nature of education and evaluates models and theories of pedagogy with the conclusion that a paradoxical approach in which there is a merger between the formal guidelines set by traditional educational models and the experiential learning methods of unschooling approach best prepares learners for the world and to be engaged citizens. Although what, precisely, this paradoxical system would entail is not discussed in this paper, it opens the door for further discussion on the topic and for consideration of the theories which have attempted to do exactly this and improve upon them going forward.

Are Your History Slides Effective?

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