Morphology of the head skeleton and muscles of the mosquito,Culiseta inornata (Williston) (Diptera: Culicidae)

1985 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Culiseta Inornata ◽  
Head Skeleton

Does prey size induce head skeleton phenotypic plasticity during early ontogeny in the snake Boa constrictor ?

2005 ◽  
Vol 267 (04) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon W. Schuett ◽  
David L. Hardy ◽  
Ryan L. Earley ◽  
Harry W. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
Boa Constrictor ◽  
Head Skeleton

Final stage larvae and puparia of Platypezidae (Diptera)

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Chandler ◽  
Francis Gilbert ◽  
Graham Rotheray
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Uniform Pattern ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal ◽  
Head Skeleton ◽  
Basal Position

AbstractPlatypezidae occupy an important basal position within the Muscomorpha. However, morphological analyses of larval Platypezidae are incomplete and early stage data is insufficient to inform phylogenetic analysis and recognition of groundplan characters and states within Muscomorpha. For example, knowledge is poor of the characters of respiratory organs, head, head skeleton, thorax and segmental sensilla. In this study we describe and compare these features of 16 species in 11 genera. The head appears as a distinct fleshy organ with atrium and antennae and maxillary organs separated on the dorsal surface. Head skeletons are characterised by an anteriorly projecting labrum and labium with laterally placed mandibles. The prothorax is frequently armoured with sclerotised regions and spicules. A repeated and uniform pattern of up to 11 pairs of sensilla circumvent each thoracic and abdominal segment. Respiratory organs vary little in size and arrangement of spiracular openings. Using a set of 43 larval and puparial characters and based on a Brachyceran outgroup, a sequence of genera is established which places Melanderomyia as the most basal. These results are compared with estimates of phylogeny based on adult characters.

Role of the neural crest in development of the trabeculae and branchial arches in embryonic sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus (L)

Development ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Langille ◽  
B.K. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Skeletal Development ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Branchial Arches ◽  
Artificial Fertilization ◽  
Vertebrate Skeleton ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Head Skeleton ◽  
Neurula Stage

Lamprey embryos were obtained by artificial fertilization to ascertain the contributions made by the neural crest to the head skeleton. Early-neurula-stage embryos of Petromyzon marinus were subjected to neural crest extirpation along the anterior half from one of seven zones, raised to a larval stage at which control larvae exhibit well-developed skeletons and analysed by light microscopy for any abnormalities to the cranial and visceral skeleton. The removal of premigratory neural crest at the level of the anterior prosencephalon (zone I) and at the level of somites 6 to 8 (zone VII) had no effect on skeletal development. However, the extirpation of neural crest from the intervening regions was positively correlated with deletions/reductions to the trabeculae (basicranial elements) and to the branchial arches (viscerocranial elements). Alterations to the trabeculae (16/27 cases, or 59%) occurred only after extirpation of zones II-V (corresponding to the posterior prosencephalon to midrhombencephalon) while alterations to the branchial arches (21/28 cases, or 75%) occurred only after removal of neural crest from zones III-VI (corresponding to the mesencephalon to the level of the fifth somite). Furthermore, the first three branchial arches were correlated in a majority of cases with neural crest from zone III, the next two arches with zones IV, V and VI and the last two arches with zone VI. Organs that develop within or adjacent to the area of neural crest extirpation such as the brain, notochord and lateral mesodermal derivatives were not affected. Parachordals were never altered by the operations nor were there any discernible changes to developing mucocartilage or to the prechondrogenic otic capsule. The contributions of the neural crest to the petromyzonid head skeleton described herein are compared with the roles of neural crest in the development of cranial and visceral skeletal elements in other vertebrates. The importance of these findings to the current hypothesis of the phylogeny of the vertebrate skeleton and the central role of the neural crest in vertebrate cephalization is discussed.

The Devonian actinopterygianCheirolepisAgassiz

1979 ◽  
Vol 70 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 337-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Michael Pearson ◽  
T. Stanley Westoll
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Upper Devonian ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Interesting Variation ◽  
Small Bones ◽  
Rostral Region ◽  
Head Skeleton

SynopsisThe structure of the fishes constituting the Devonian genusCheirolepisis investigated. Articulated remains from the Scottish Old Red Sandstone and the Canadian Upper Devonian were studied and two species are recognised, the Middle DevonianC. trailliand the Upper DevonianC. canadensis.Recently described fragmentary material from Europe assigned to the genus is best regarded asincertae sedis. Cheirolepisis the earliest actinopterygian genus with extensive material. Neurocranial remains are described, with a crossopterygian-like parasphenoid. There seems to have been a mobile rostral region with several small bones between premaxilla and postrostral extending to the anterior corner of the small dermal orbit. New palatoquadrate and pectoral girdle material is described. The apparently primitive nature of the head skeleton is related to the cranial dynamics and the likely mode of life. The small scales and the elongate-fusiform body shape are a corollary of the method of swimming. The ecology of the fishes is touched upon. A taxonomic investigation of the two species was carried out but although interesting variation in the scale-row numbers came to light no changes at the specific level were deemed necessary. Revised generic and specific diagnoses are given.

scholarly journals Production of Chondroitin Sulphate from Head, Skeleton and Fins of Scyliorhinus canicula By-Products by Combination of Enzymatic, Chemical Precipitation and Ultrafiltration Methodologies

Marine Drugs ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3287-3308 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Blanco ◽  
Javier Fraguas ◽  
Carmen Sotelo ◽  
Ricardo Pérez-Martín ◽  
José Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Scyliorhinus Canicula ◽  
Head Skeleton ◽  
By Products

Development of the head skeleton and pectoral girdle inEsox

1975 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Jollie
Keyword(s):  
Pectoral Girdle ◽  
Head Skeleton

Cache Valley virus: experimental infection in Culiseta inornata

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda C. Corner ◽  
Audrei K. Robertson ◽  
Lance B. Hayles ◽  
John O. Iversen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Experimental Demonstration ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Cache Valley Virus ◽  
Suckling Mice ◽  
Cache Valley ◽  
Culiseta Inornata ◽  
Minimum Infection Rate

Experiments were conducted to examine the dynamics of Cache Valley virus in Culiseta inornata, the probable chief vector of the virus. Of about 1500 laboratory reared C. inornata exposed to viraemic suckling mice, 72 took a blood meal. A relatively high percentage (93%) of the latter mosquitoes became infected. The virus increased more than 100-fold in the experimentally infected mosquitoes. The increasing viral titres were noticed after 7 days and after 15 days. Peak titres averaged 105.0 (mean suckling mouse intracerebral lethal dose) SMICLD50/0.02 mL. The infected mosquitoes had peak titres until at least 35 days after the mosquitoes ingested blood from infected suckling mice. A single transmission of virus by bite occurred 30 days after the viraemic blood meal. Transovarial transmission was demonstrated. In two experiments, 3.3 and 2.9% of infected mosquitoes transovarially transmitted Cache Valley virus to both male and female progeny. The minimum infection rate for the progeny was 2.05/1000 mosquitoes. This is the first reported experimental demonstration of transovarian transmission in a species of mosquito which overwinters as an adult. The role of transovarian transmission in the natural maintenance of Cache Valley virus remains undetermined.

Cibarial sensilla and armature in mosquito adults (Diptera: Culicidae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. K. W. Lee ◽  
D. A. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Campaniform Sensilla ◽  
Anopheles Species ◽  
Anopheles Farauti ◽  
Wyeomyia Smithii ◽  
Force Feeding ◽  
Culiseta Inornata ◽  
Scanning Electron

Cibaria of 37 species of mosquitoes representing nine genera were examined using light microscopy, and those of Anopheles farauti Laveran, Aedes aegypti (L.) Culiseta inornata (Williston), and Culex declarator Dyar and Knab were studied using scanning electron microscopy. Uniporous, trichoid, and campaniform sensilla were found inside the cibarial pump. Based on force-feeding studies of other workers and external structure of sensilla, it is suggested that some of these sensilla may be chemoreceptors involved in determining acceptability of ingested food, whereas the others may be involved in dispatch of ingested blood into the midgut. Trichoid sensilla probably function as flow receptors. Number of palatal papillae in the cibarium varied between species: some have four, others have six. Generally, number and location of cibarial sensilla are similar between species. Cibarial armature was found in the cibaria of females of Culex, some Anopheles species, and Wyeomyia smithii (Coquillett), and also in both sexes of Opifex fuscus (Hutton). The function of this armature is discussed. Possible use of cibarial sensilla and armature to separate taxonomically difficult species is suggested.

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