scholarly journals Online monitoring of polysaccharide solution concentration by electromagnetic field, electrical conductivity and spectrophotometry measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi Silvonen ◽  
Niko Järvelä ◽  
Markus Koppanen ◽  
Matti Järveläinen ◽  
Arto Ojuva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Online Monitoring ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Field Technique ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
Resultant Solution ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Electrical Permittivity

AbstractOnline control of industrial processes by lean principle increases productivity and yields higher product quality. Polysaccharides are dissolved in liquids, such as water, in many industrial products, like paints, cosmetics and culinary products. In these products, it is important to control viscosity or create thixotropy and yield stress for product functionality. Electromagnetic field and electrical conductivity techniques were applied to a meter polysaccharide dissolution process online up to a 0.5 wt% concentration, and the resultant solution was also further tested by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The electromagnetic field technique measures changes in the local electrical permittivity of the liquid and the interest in this research were to find out whether the changes correlate to the concentration changes during the dissolution of polymer polysaccharide. The results that were obtained showed good consistency, suggesting the feasibility of the electromagnetic field technique in online monitoring of a polysaccharide suspension concentration. Moreover, this technique gives the advantage of instant monitoring of a polysaccharide dissolution for improved process control. Graphic abstract

Investigating flexible textile-based coils for wireless charging wearable electronics

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danmei Sun ◽  
Meixuan Chen ◽  
Symon Podilchak ◽  
Apostolos Georgiadis ◽  
Qassim S Abdullahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Wireless Charging ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Screen Printed

Smart and interactive textiles have been attracted great attention in recent years. This research explored three different techniques and processes in developing textile-based conductive coils that are able to embed in a garment layer. Coils made through embroidery and screen printing have good dimensional stability, although the resistance of screen printed coil is too high due to the low conductivity of the print ink. Laser cut coil provided the best electrical conductivity; however, the disadvantage of this method is that it is very difficult to keep the completed coil to the predetermined shape and dimension. The tested results show that an electromagnetic field has been generated between the textile-based conductive coil and an external coil that is directly powered by electricity. The magnetic field and electric field worked simultaneously to complete the wireless charging process.

scholarly journals Online monitoring of electrical conductivity of wine induced by ultrasound

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-An Zhang ◽  
Yuan Shen ◽  
Xue-Hui Fan ◽  
Yan-Ying Yan ◽  
Juan Francisco García Martín
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Online Monitoring

Joint inversion of full-waveform ground-penetrating radar and electrical resistivity data: Part 1

Geophysics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. H97-H113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Domenzain ◽  
John Bradford ◽  
Jodi Mead
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Joint Inversion ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Full Waveform ◽  
Electrical Permittivity ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Subsurface Geometry

We have developed an algorithm for joint inversion of full-waveform ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity (ER) data. The GPR data are sensitive to electrical permittivity through reflectivity and velocity, and electrical conductivity through reflectivity and attenuation. The ER data are directly sensitive to the electrical conductivity. The two types of data are inherently linked through Maxwell’s equations, and we jointly invert them. Our results show that the two types of data work cooperatively to effectively regularize each other while honoring the physics of the geophysical methods. We first compute sensitivity updates separately for the GPR and ER data using the adjoint method, and then we sum these updates to account for both types of sensitivities. The sensitivities are added with the paradigm of letting both data types always contribute to our inversion in proportion to how well their respective objective functions are being resolved in each iteration. Our algorithm makes no assumptions of the subsurface geometry nor the structural similarities between the parameters with the caveat of needing a good initial model. We find that our joint inversion outperforms the GPR and ER separate inversions, and we determine that GPR effectively supports ER in regions of low conductivity, whereas ER supports GPR in regions with strong attenuation.

Study on the Removal of Cadmium from Underground Water Using a Complex Modulation Electromagnetic Device Based on Correlation of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Conductivity

2013 ◽  
Vol 813 ◽  
pp. 514-518
Author(s):  
Sang An Ha ◽  
Byong Ho Jung ◽  
Jong Moon Lee ◽  
Kwon Hoo Kim ◽  
Jei Pil Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Device ◽  
Complex Modulation

The objective of this study was to increase flux and decomposition speed through the development of a multi-type electrical field decomposition facility that employs a more complex modulated electromagnetic field than that used in existing decomposition facilities where recalcitrant organics or heavy metals are combined together. Further, in this study, optimized foundational data was derived from the results obtained following field work. As a result, when an electrical field was applied to an electrolyzer, decomposition of the electrolyzer was carried out quickly, thereby showing higher efficiency because an electrical field was permeated to the contaminant faster compared to the case where an electrolyzer was not added. Keywords: Electromagnetic field, Heavy metal, Electrolyzer, Electrical field

scholarly journals Development of Automatic Mixing Process for Fertigation System in Rock Melon Cultivation

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1913
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khairie Idham Abd Rahman ◽  
Salinda Buyamin ◽  
M. S. Zainal Abidin ◽  
Musa Mohd Mokji
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Automatic System ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Mixing Process

This work proposed an automatic mixing system of nutrient solution for rock melon fertigation according to the required electrical conductivity (EC) level. Compared to the manual practice, this automatic system will ensure continuous supply of mixed nutrient solution without the need to daily check and mix new nutrient. Thus, this easy to use and low cost automatic system will reduce the burden of the farmers. This system uses an EC sensor to automatically check the concentration level of the mixed nutrient solution. Other than that, the system only consists of electronic pumps for mixing process and an Arduino board as the controller. The controller will monitor the EC level and run the mixing process when the EC level is below the required level. By calibrating the EC sensors, the test shows that the automatic mixing system is able to accurately keep the mixed nutrient solution concentration in a 400 L mixing reservoir at several required levels.

scholarly journals Needleless Electrospinning of PA6 Fibers: The Effect of Solution Concentration and Electrospinning Voltage on Fiber Diameter

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 421-430
Author(s):  
Alexandra Aulova ◽  
Marko Bek ◽  
Leonid Kossovich ◽  
Igor Emri
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Solution Viscosity ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Needleless Electrospinning ◽  
Pore Size Distributions

Needleless electrospinning is the process of forming thin material fibers from the open surface of its solution or melt in a strong electrostatic field. Electrospun non-woven materials are used in various applications that require specific fiber diameters and pore size distributions. Fiber diameter depends on the properties of the polymer solution and manufacturing conditions. A needleless electrospinning process using the Nanospider setup was investigated using the commonly used polyamide 6 (PA6) solution in a mixture of acetic and formic acids. Polymer solutions with different polymer concentrations were characterized by viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity. An increase in polymer content in the solution resulted in the exponential increase of the solution viscosity, polynomial increase of electrical conductivity and had almost no effect on surface tension. The effect of the polymer concentration in the solution, as well as electrospinning voltage on fiber diameter and diameter distribution, was investigated using scanning electron microscopy images. The average fiber diameter linearly increases with the increased polymer concentration and also demonstrates an increase with increased electrospinning voltage, although less pronounced. Therefore, a change in the PA6 solution concentration should be used for the robust adjustment of fiber diameter, while changes in electrospinning voltage are more appropriate for fine tuning the fiber diameter during the process of needleless electrospinning.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS “GRAPE COOLER” TO MEDIA AND FERTILIZER SOLUTION CONCENTRATION USING SUBIRRIGATION

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 687c-687
Author(s):  
G.C. Elliott ◽  
R.J. McAvoy ◽  
M. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
The Third ◽  
Saturated Media ◽  
Final Harvest ◽  
Fertilizer Solution

Seedlings of Catharanthus roseus “Grape Cooler” was transplanted to cell packs of media: peat-vermiculite-perlite (MM220), peat-hydrophilic rockwool (ABS), and peat-hydrophobic rockwool (REP) and grown in subirrigation trays using 20N-4.4P-17K fertilizer at 50, 150 or 250 ppm N applied at each irrigation. Shoots of four plants in each of two replications were harvested 2, 3, 4 and 5 after transplant. Leaf samples from the third harvest were analyzed for essential elements. Electrical conductivity (EC) was measured in saturated media extracts at each harvest. Significant media by fertilizer interactions were obtained for fresh weight and leaf area at the final harvest. Greatest growth was obtained with 50 ppm N in ABS, but with 150 ppm N in MM 220 and REP. In tehse, growth was similar at 50 and 150 ppm N, but less growth REP than MM220 at 250 ppm. More growth was produced with ABS at 50 ppm N, but less at 150 or 250 ppm N. Leaf tissue N increased 38.5 to 54.5 mg g-1 dry wt. as fertilized increased 50 to 150 ppm, while other nutrients were not significantly affected. Media EC increased with time and fertilizer concentration, with EC in all media fertilized with 250 ppm N exceeding 4.5 dS m-1 at the final harvest.

scholarly journals Using the Carotazh Method to Determine the Electrical Characteristics of the Earth’s Subsoil

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Surface Impedance ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Dielectric Permeability ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Logging is a detailed study of the structure of the well incision by descent and ascent of a geophysical probe. It is often used to determine the electrical conductivity of terrestrial depths. To do this, the sides of the well deepen the electrodes, and they are fed into the depths of a constant electric current. However, if you use natural or artificial electromagnetic waves, it becomes possible to determine the dielectric permeability of terrestrial rocks at depth. To do this, the surface impedance is first measured on the surface of the earth, and then by measuring at a certain frequency of the electromagnetic field in the well hole, the electrical conductivity and dielectric permeability of terrestrial rocks are calculated by fairly simple formulas. Such measurements can be carried out by standard measuring systems, adding only a narrow frame with wire winding to measure the magnetic field.

scholarly journals Microstructure as an essential aspect of EN AW 7075 aluminum alloy quality influenced by electromagnetic field during continuous casting process

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Pataric ◽  
Marija Mihailovic ◽  
Branislav Markovic ◽  
Miroslav Sokic ◽  
Andreja Radovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Cast Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Cast Aluminum ◽  
Continuous Casting Process

Microstructure assessment is crucial for the design and production of high-quality alloys such as cast aluminum alloy ingots. Along with the effect of a more homogeneous microstructure to result in much better mechanical properties, better as-cast alloy quality indicates a higher efficiency of the aluminum alloys production process. During the aluminum alloy solidification process many microstructural defects can occur, which deteriorate the mechanical properties and hence decrease the usability of such an ingot. Application of the electromagnetic field during the vertical continuous casting process significantly reduces occurrence of these defects. In the present study, EN AW 7075 alloy samples were cast with and without application of an electromagnetic field and examined regarding the microstructure, electrical conductivity, and changes in the phase composition. The obtained results clearly show that it is possible to decrease or avoid casting defects by the electromagnetic field application as verified by the microstructure characterization and quantification, electrical conductivity tests and differential thermal analysis (DTA).

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