scholarly journals Eldercare in Japan: Cluster Analysis of Daily Time-Use Patterns of Elder Caregivers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Kolpashnikova ◽  
Man-Yee Kan
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Perform Cluster Analysis ◽  
Elder Caregivers ◽  
Daily Time

AbstractUsing the data of the 2006 Japanese Survey on Time Use and Leisure Activities, we perform cluster analysis and identify seven unique patterns of daily time-use patterns of co-resident family elder caregivers: (1) ‘Overworkers’, (2) ‘Full-time Workers’, (3) ‘Part-time Workers’, (4) ‘Intensive Caregivers’, (5) ‘Houseworkers’, (6) ‘Leisurely’, and (7) caregivers, who needed medical attention on the diary day (‘Emergency Diaries’). Our results show that the ‘Houseworkers’ and ‘Intensive Caregivers’ spend the most time on adult caregiving activities. Care activities for ‘Houseworkers’ are more likely to coincide with longer housework hours, increasing the total unpaid work volume. The analysis of demographic profiles suggests that similar daily patterns on weekdays and weekends do not belong to people with the same demographic characteristics. For instance, although on weekdays, ‘Leisurely Caregivers’ are mostly represented by the elderly taking care of other elderly, people of any age can belong to this category on weekends. Among all types of caregivers, only 'Intensive Caregivers' are as likely to be men as they can be women, suggesting that when the need for eldercare increases, family caregivers of any gender will step in.

scholarly journals Japanese Long-term Eldercare System Still Fails Women and the Poor: Who are Family Caregivers and What Do They Do?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Kolpashnikova ◽  
Man-Yee Kan
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Working Poor ◽  
Demographic Profiles ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Perform Cluster Analysis ◽  
Elder Caregivers ◽  
Daily Time

On the surface, an average day of caregivers is not considerably different from non-caregivers, but caregivers spend more time doing housework and less–doing work or enjoying leisure activities. Using the Japanese Time Use Survey, we perform cluster analysis and identify five patterns of daily time-use lifestyles of elder caregivers: (1) the leisurely weekend caregivers, (2) the multitaskers, (3) the sandwich caregivers, (4) the working poor caregivers, and (5) the agriculture/construction traveler caregivers. Our results show that the first three groups spend the most time on caregiving activities, but a larger proportion of sandwich caregivers report doing eldercare on the diary day. Care activities for sandwich caregivers are more likely to coincide with housework, which increases the volume of the total unpaid work significantly. The fourth type of daily time use patterns and their demographic profiles reveal that they are heavily overrepresented by the working poor, hence the choice of the name of the category. Even among other types, caregivers are more likely to live in households that have lower income than non-caregivers. Our results imply that caregivers face higher economic strain than non-caregivers, even among those caregivers who work. This applies particularly to women because the findings also indicate that women are more likely to be caregivers than men.

scholarly journals INFLUENCES OF CAREWORK INTENSITY ON DAILY TIME USE PATTERNS OF CAREGIVERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S805-S805
Author(s):  
Liana C Sayer
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Parental Status ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
The Social ◽  
Elder Caregivers ◽  
Daily Time

Abstract With the aging of the Baby Boom generation, increasing numbers of older adults require assistance in their daily lives and most help comes from family members. Delays in childbearing mean many adult elder care providers are simultaneously raising children. Although past research has documented disparities in psychological distress and financial costs, less is known about the social costs resulting from elder caregiving and how this varies by parental status. We examine the social costs of elder caregiving by comparing elder and child care configurations to investigate three questions. First, do the daily time use patterns of elder caregivers differ by parental status? Second, do the daily time use patterns of elder caregivers differ by caregiving intensity? Third, does caregiving intensity moderate associations of elder caregiving and parental status on daily time use? We address these questions using nationally representative time diary data from the 2011-2017 American Time Use Survey (ATUS).

scholarly journals Correlation between Leisure Activity Time and Life Satisfaction: Based on KOSTAT Time Use Survey Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jin Cha
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
National Level ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Time Use Survey

Rationale. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the available leisure activity time and life satisfaction of the healthy elderly and the factors affecting them. Method. For the analysis, data from the 2014 Time Use Survey (2014TUS) published by Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) was used. This study classified the detailed activities of 9228 subjects, based on the data in 2014TUS, and analyzed the differences in time use for occupation domains by age group. Results. It was found that a greater amount time used for outdoor leisure activities yielded a higher life satisfaction value. Differences were found in time use by occupation domains between younger and older groups. These showed higher life satisfaction for those with spouses, regular full-time jobs, higher education, and better health. Conclusion. Based on these results, in order to improve the quality of life (QoL) for older adults, it is necessary to develop various leisure programs that require dynamic physical activities and to prepare alternative policies at the national level to promote participation in leisure activities by older adults. This study will provide occupational therapists (OTs) with data they can use to help older adults who have difficulty in time usage through time management intervention to improve their life satisfaction and QoL.

scholarly journals Exploring daily time-use patterns: ATUS-X data extractor and online diary visualization tool

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252843
Author(s):  
Kamila Kolpashnikova ◽  
Sarah Flood ◽  
Oriel Sullivan ◽  
Liana Sayer ◽  
Ekaterina Hertog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Visualization Tool ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Accessibility Barriers ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Daily Time

Time-use data can often be perceived as inaccessible by non-specialists due to their unique format. This article introduces the ATUS-X diary visualization tool that aims to address the accessibility issue and expand the user base of time-use data by providing users with opportunity to quickly visualize their own subsamples of the American Time Use Survey Data Extractor (ATUS-X). Complementing the ATUS-X, the online tool provides an easy point-and-click interface, making data exploration readily accessible in a visual form. The tool can benefit a wider academic audience, policy-makers, non-academic researchers, and journalists by removing accessibility barriers to time use diaries.

Time Use Patterns Between Maintenance, Subsistence and Leisure Activities: A Case Study in China

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Hui-fen ◽  
Li Zhen-shan ◽  
Xue Dong-qian ◽  
Lei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Use Patterns

Age at Full-Time Use Predicts Language Outcomes Better Than Age of Surgery in Children Who Use Cochlear Implants

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 986-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa R. Park ◽  
Erika B. Gagnon ◽  
Erin Thompson ◽  
Kevin D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Language Outcomes ◽  
Age At Surgery ◽  
Device Placement ◽  
Device Use ◽  
Better Than

Purpose The aims of this study were to (a) determine a metric for describing full-time use (FTU), (b) establish whether age at FTU in children with cochlear implants (CIs) predicts language at 3 years of age better than age at surgery, and (c) describe the extent of FTU and length of time it took to establish FTU in this population. Method This retrospective analysis examined receptive and expressive language outcomes at 3 years of age for 40 children with CIs. Multiple linear regression analyses were run with age at surgery and age at FTU as predictor variables. FTU definitions included 8 hr of device use and 80% of average waking hours for a typically developing child. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the establishment and degree of FTU. Results Although 8 hr of daily wear is typically considered FTU in the literature, the 80% hearing hours percentage metric accounts for more variability in outcomes. For both receptive and expressive language, age at FTU was found to be a better predictor of outcomes than age at surgery. It took an average of 17 months for children in this cohort to establish FTU, and only 52.5% reached this milestone by the time they were 3 years old. Conclusions Children with normal hearing can access spoken language whenever they are awake, and the amount of time young children are awake increases with age. A metric that incorporates the percentage of time that children with CIs have access to sound as compared to their same-aged peers with normal hearing accounts for more variability in outcomes than using an arbitrary number of hours. Although early FTU is not possible without surgery occurring at a young age, device placement does not guarantee use and does not predict language outcomes as well as age at FTU.

Effects of a Group Program to Increase Cognitive Performance Through Cognitively Stimulating Leisure Activities in Healthy Older Subjects

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina A. Tesky ◽  
Christian Thiel ◽  
Winfried Banzer ◽  
Johannes Pantel
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Group Program ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Older Subjects

To investigate the effects of leisure activities on cognitive performance of healthy older subjects, an innovative intervention program was developed. Frequent participation in cognitively stimulating activities (i.e., reading, playing chess, or playing music) is associated with reduced risk of dementia. AKTIVA (active cognitive stimulation – prevention in the elderly) is an intervention program designed to enhance cognitive stimulation in everyday life by increasing cognitive stimulating leisure activities. The present study determines the effects of AKTIVA on cognitive function, mood and attitude toward aging in a sample of older participants from the general population. Several measurement instruments were used including the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog), the Trail-Making Test (TMT), and the Memory Complaint Questionnaire (MAC-Q). Initially, the sample consisted of 307 older persons (170 female, 72 ± 7 years). The intervention was evaluated with a randomized, controlled pre-post follow-up design. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: AKTIVA intervention (n = 126), AKTIVA intervention plus nutrition and exercise counseling (n = 84), no-intervention control group (n = 97). The AKTIVA intervention consisted of 8 weekly sessions and two booster sessions after a break of 4 months. Participation in the group program resulted in positive effects on cognitive function and attitude toward aging for subassembly groups. Older persons (≥ 75 years) showed enhanced speed of information processing (by TMT Version A) (F = 4.17*, p < .05); younger participants (< 75 years) showed an improvement in subjective memory decline (by MAC-Q) (F = 2.55*, p < .05). Additionally, AKTIVA enhanced the frequency of activities for leisure activities for subassembly groups. The results of this study suggest that the AKTIVA program can be used to increase cognitively stimulating leisure activities in the elderly. Further research is necessary to identify the long-term effects of this intervention particularly with respect to the prevention of dementia.

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