scholarly journals Japanese Long-term Eldercare System Still Fails Women and the Poor: Who are Family Caregivers and What Do They Do?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Kolpashnikova ◽  
Man-Yee Kan
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Working Poor ◽  
Demographic Profiles ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Perform Cluster Analysis ◽  
Elder Caregivers ◽  
Daily Time

On the surface, an average day of caregivers is not considerably different from non-caregivers, but caregivers spend more time doing housework and less–doing work or enjoying leisure activities. Using the Japanese Time Use Survey, we perform cluster analysis and identify five patterns of daily time-use lifestyles of elder caregivers: (1) the leisurely weekend caregivers, (2) the multitaskers, (3) the sandwich caregivers, (4) the working poor caregivers, and (5) the agriculture/construction traveler caregivers. Our results show that the first three groups spend the most time on caregiving activities, but a larger proportion of sandwich caregivers report doing eldercare on the diary day. Care activities for sandwich caregivers are more likely to coincide with housework, which increases the volume of the total unpaid work significantly. The fourth type of daily time use patterns and their demographic profiles reveal that they are heavily overrepresented by the working poor, hence the choice of the name of the category. Even among other types, caregivers are more likely to live in households that have lower income than non-caregivers. Our results imply that caregivers face higher economic strain than non-caregivers, even among those caregivers who work. This applies particularly to women because the findings also indicate that women are more likely to be caregivers than men.

scholarly journals Eldercare in Japan: Cluster Analysis of Daily Time-Use Patterns of Elder Caregivers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Kolpashnikova ◽  
Man-Yee Kan
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Perform Cluster Analysis ◽  
Elder Caregivers ◽  
Daily Time

AbstractUsing the data of the 2006 Japanese Survey on Time Use and Leisure Activities, we perform cluster analysis and identify seven unique patterns of daily time-use patterns of co-resident family elder caregivers: (1) ‘Overworkers’, (2) ‘Full-time Workers’, (3) ‘Part-time Workers’, (4) ‘Intensive Caregivers’, (5) ‘Houseworkers’, (6) ‘Leisurely’, and (7) caregivers, who needed medical attention on the diary day (‘Emergency Diaries’). Our results show that the ‘Houseworkers’ and ‘Intensive Caregivers’ spend the most time on adult caregiving activities. Care activities for ‘Houseworkers’ are more likely to coincide with longer housework hours, increasing the total unpaid work volume. The analysis of demographic profiles suggests that similar daily patterns on weekdays and weekends do not belong to people with the same demographic characteristics. For instance, although on weekdays, ‘Leisurely Caregivers’ are mostly represented by the elderly taking care of other elderly, people of any age can belong to this category on weekends. Among all types of caregivers, only 'Intensive Caregivers' are as likely to be men as they can be women, suggesting that when the need for eldercare increases, family caregivers of any gender will step in.

scholarly journals Exploring daily time-use patterns: ATUS-X data extractor and online diary visualization tool

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252843
Author(s):  
Kamila Kolpashnikova ◽  
Sarah Flood ◽  
Oriel Sullivan ◽  
Liana Sayer ◽  
Ekaterina Hertog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Visualization Tool ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Accessibility Barriers ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Daily Time

Time-use data can often be perceived as inaccessible by non-specialists due to their unique format. This article introduces the ATUS-X diary visualization tool that aims to address the accessibility issue and expand the user base of time-use data by providing users with opportunity to quickly visualize their own subsamples of the American Time Use Survey Data Extractor (ATUS-X). Complementing the ATUS-X, the online tool provides an easy point-and-click interface, making data exploration readily accessible in a visual form. The tool can benefit a wider academic audience, policy-makers, non-academic researchers, and journalists by removing accessibility barriers to time use diaries.

scholarly journals INFLUENCES OF CAREWORK INTENSITY ON DAILY TIME USE PATTERNS OF CAREGIVERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S805-S805
Author(s):  
Liana C Sayer
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Parental Status ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
The Social ◽  
Elder Caregivers ◽  
Daily Time

Abstract With the aging of the Baby Boom generation, increasing numbers of older adults require assistance in their daily lives and most help comes from family members. Delays in childbearing mean many adult elder care providers are simultaneously raising children. Although past research has documented disparities in psychological distress and financial costs, less is known about the social costs resulting from elder caregiving and how this varies by parental status. We examine the social costs of elder caregiving by comparing elder and child care configurations to investigate three questions. First, do the daily time use patterns of elder caregivers differ by parental status? Second, do the daily time use patterns of elder caregivers differ by caregiving intensity? Third, does caregiving intensity moderate associations of elder caregiving and parental status on daily time use? We address these questions using nationally representative time diary data from the 2011-2017 American Time Use Survey (ATUS).

scholarly journals Correlation between Leisure Activity Time and Life Satisfaction: Based on KOSTAT Time Use Survey Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jin Cha
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
National Level ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Time Use Survey

Rationale. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the available leisure activity time and life satisfaction of the healthy elderly and the factors affecting them. Method. For the analysis, data from the 2014 Time Use Survey (2014TUS) published by Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) was used. This study classified the detailed activities of 9228 subjects, based on the data in 2014TUS, and analyzed the differences in time use for occupation domains by age group. Results. It was found that a greater amount time used for outdoor leisure activities yielded a higher life satisfaction value. Differences were found in time use by occupation domains between younger and older groups. These showed higher life satisfaction for those with spouses, regular full-time jobs, higher education, and better health. Conclusion. Based on these results, in order to improve the quality of life (QoL) for older adults, it is necessary to develop various leisure programs that require dynamic physical activities and to prepare alternative policies at the national level to promote participation in leisure activities by older adults. This study will provide occupational therapists (OTs) with data they can use to help older adults who have difficulty in time usage through time management intervention to improve their life satisfaction and QoL.

scholarly journals High times: The effect of medical marijuana laws on student time use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wei Chu ◽  
S Gershenson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Medical Marijuana ◽  
Major Change ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Medical Marijuana Laws

Medical marijuana laws (MMLs) represent a major change of marijuana policy in the U.S. Previous research shows that these laws increase marijuana use among adults. In this paper, we estimate the effects of MMLs on secondary and post-secondary students’ time use using data from the American Time Use Survey. We apply a difference-in-differences research design and estimate flexible fixed effects models that condition on state fixed effects and state-specific time trends. We find no effect of MMLs on secondary students’ time use. However, we find that college students in MML states spend approximately 20% less time on education-related activities and 20% more time on leisure activities than their counterparts in non-MML states. These behavioral responses largely occur during weekends and summer when students have more spare time. Finally, the impacts of MMLs are heterogeneous and stronger among part-time college students, who are more likely to be first-generation college goers and to come from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups. © This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

scholarly journals The Representativeness of Online Time Use Surveys. Effects of Individual Time Use Patterns and Survey Design on the Timing of Survey Dropout

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-906
Author(s):  
Petrus te Braak ◽  
Joeri Minnen ◽  
Ignace Glorieux
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Automated Processes ◽  
Weighting Coefficients ◽  
Time Use Surveys

AbstractLike other surveys, time use surveys are facing declining response rates. At the same time paper-and-pencil surveys are increasingly replaced by online surveys. Both the declining response rates and the shift to online research are expected to have an impact on the representativeness of survey data questioning whether they are still the most suitable instrument to obtain a reliable view on the organization of daily life. This contribution examines the representativeness of a self-administered online time use survey using Belgian data collected in 2013 and 2014. The design of the study was deliberately chosen to test the automated processes that replace interviewer support and its cost-efficiency. We use weighting coefficients, a life table and discrete-time survival analyses to better understand the timing and selectivity of dropout, with a focus on the effects of individual time use patterns and the survey design. The results show that there are three major hurdles that cause large groups of respondents to drop out. This dropout is selective, and this selectivity differs according to the dropout moment. The contribution aims to provide a better insight in dropout during the fieldwork and tries to contribute to the further improvement of survey methodology of online time use surveys.

scholarly journals Unconditional Quantile Regression Approach: Effects of Education on Housework Time in the US and Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Kamila Kolpashnikova ◽  
Man-Yee Kan
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
The Us ◽  
Time Use Survey

We compare the association between educational attainment and housework participation among single and married women in Japan and the US. Using the cross-sectional time-use diaries from the 2006 American Time Use Survey (ATUS) and the 2006 Japanese Survey on Time Use and Leisure Activities (STULA) and unconditional quantile regressions (UQR), we test whether educational attainment is associated with less time spent on housework in Japan compared to the US. We find that this assumption stands only for American women and non-married Japanese women. However, married Japanese women are unlikely to reduce participation in housework with an increase in their educational level. Married Japanese women are more likely to do more housework proportionately to the level of their education. The findings reveal the presence of a marriage penalty among highly educated Japanese women. In Japan, the institute of marriage places higher expectations regarding women’s housework participation on married women with higher levels of education, thereby penalising Japanese women with higher educational attainments. Our findings illustrate that the tenets of the resource-based and gender-centred frameworks developed based on the empirical findings in Western countries cannot always directly apply to the patterns observed in East Asia.

scholarly journals High times: The effect of medical marijuana laws on student time use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wei Chu ◽  
S Gershenson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Medical Marijuana ◽  
Major Change ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Medical Marijuana Laws

Medical marijuana laws (MMLs) represent a major change of marijuana policy in the U.S. Previous research shows that these laws increase marijuana use among adults. In this paper, we estimate the effects of MMLs on secondary and post-secondary students’ time use using data from the American Time Use Survey. We apply a difference-in-differences research design and estimate flexible fixed effects models that condition on state fixed effects and state-specific time trends. We find no effect of MMLs on secondary students’ time use. However, we find that college students in MML states spend approximately 20% less time on education-related activities and 20% more time on leisure activities than their counterparts in non-MML states. These behavioral responses largely occur during weekends and summer when students have more spare time. Finally, the impacts of MMLs are heterogeneous and stronger among part-time college students, who are more likely to be first-generation college goers and to come from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups. © This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Durations and Domains of Daily Aerobic Activity: Evidence From the 2010 Canadian Time-Use Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 895-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Millward ◽  
Jamie E. L. Spinney ◽  
Darren Scott
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent Of Task ◽  
Time Use Survey

Background:This study employs national time-diary data to evaluate how much aerobic activity Canadians engage in on a daily basis, how that activity is apportioned by activity domain, and how subgroups within the population vary in their aerobic attainment.Methods:The study employs time-use data from the 2010 General Social Survey of Canada, for 15,390 respondents aged 15 and older. To estimate effort levels, the authors harmonized survey codes with those in the Compendium of Physical Activities. Aerobic activity was defined as moderate or vigorous effort at 3.5 Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) or higher.Results:Among the 4 activity domains, aerobic participation is highest in leisure activities, followed by chores, paid work, and active transportation (AT). Only a minority (42%) of respondents recorded at least 20 mins/day of aerobic activity. Aerobic totals were particularly low for women and those in poor or fair health, and low for students, 15- to 24-year-olds, and those residing in Quebec, Ontario, and larger cities.Conclusions:The majority of Canadian adults are failing to meet recommended aerobic activity levels. However, there is considerable opportunity to increase aerobic participation for some groups, particularly women and young adults, especially in the leisure and AT domains.

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