scholarly journals Energy in Growth Accounting and the Aggregation of Capital and Output

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiner Kümmel ◽  
Dietmar Lindenberger
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Production Functions ◽  
Growth Accounting ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Energy Dependent

Abstract We review the physical aggregation of value added and capital in terms of work performance and information processing and its relation to the deflated monetary time series of output and capital. In growth accounting it complements the time series of labor and energy, measured in hours worked per year and kilowatt-hours consumed per year, respectively. This aggregation is the conceptual basis on which those energy-dependent production functions have been constructed that reproduce economic growth of major industrial countries in the 20th century with small residuals and output elasticities that are for energy much larger and for labor much smaller than the cost shares of these factors. Accounting for growth in such a way, which deviates from that of mainstream economics, may serve as a first step towards integrating the First and the Second Law of Thermodynamics into economics.

Thermoeconomic Indicators of Air Conditioning in a River Ship to Change the Configuration of Their Thermal Insulation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fajardo ◽  
B. Sarria ◽  
M. Alvarez Guerra
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Cost

This work has as object of study the energy of a river ship air conditioning system performance, using fiberglass, polyurethane or rockwool as insulation. Thermoeconomics Indicators based on second law of thermodynamics which take into account the quality of the energy and the cost of the exergy were used for research. It was observed that: (i) by increasing the thickness of the insulation the irreversibilities decreased, (ii) increases in the destroyed exergy increased generation of cooling load costs and (iii) costs per unit of exergy of heat load and area for the generation of cooling load and for investment in exergetic insulation, were minors for polyurethane.

Capital and Operating Cost as Driving Forces of the First Stage of Heavy Water Production

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hilda Cha´vez ◽  
Javier de J. Guadarrama ◽  
Abel Herna´ndez-Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Heavy Water ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Optimization Parameters ◽  
The Cost

The present paper describes the behavior of the capital and operating cost as driving forces for the design of the first stage of enrichment of heavy water production by the Girdler Sulfide (GS) process. A very useful procedure for analyzing a process or control system is by means of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Determining where the irreversibilities of a process or control systems are generally indicates where the greatest improvements can be made, particularly as they relate to operating cost. Thermodynamic analyses based on the concepts of irreversible entropy increase have frequently been suggested as pointers to sources of inefficiency in chemical processes. Furthermore, this study shows a generalized discussion of the cost with respect to the optimization parameters, it points out where the irreversibilities of the process are located, and provides a generalized discussion from the successful application of the technique.

scholarly journals PENGARUH JUMLAH PERCEPATAN RESTITUSI PAJAK PERTAMBAHAN NILAI TERHADAP PENERIMAAN PAJAK PERTAMBAHAN NILAI (Studi pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Malang Utara)

Profit ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
Astri Warih Anjarwi ◽  
Linda Kharisma
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Cost

The Accelerated of Value Added Tax Restitution is Indonesian government’s policy to a preliminary refund of value added tax overpayment. The simplification or the acceleration of the provision of restitution is done without strict examination and long process, but by simple research. Accelerated restitution policy is given to the Taxpayer who fulfills certain requirements (certain amount of restitution as mentioned above), certain criteria (Taxpayers who comply) and they are low risk Taxable Entrepreneurs that determined by the Minister of Finance. The Acceleration of Value Added Tax restitution is expected to reduce the cost compliance because the provision of restitution is done without examination and it is hoped that this policy could increase cash flow and liquidity of the economy. The research’s purpose is determine to impact the number of acceleration of value added tax restitution to the acceptance of value added tax. The type of research is explanatory research with a quantitative approach. The research’s data is secondary data that obtaine from the Pratama Tax Office Malang Utara. The research’s data is time series data during the periode of April 2018 – November 2019. The data analysis technique on the research is a simple regresi linier analysis. The results of this research is variable number of acceleration restitution on value added tax impact and significant for the revenue value added tax in the Pratama Tax Office Malang Utara. The value of R Square earned is 0.374 which means that the number of accelerated restitution of value added tax has an impact on the variable revenue of value added tax is 37.4%.

scholarly journals Interruptive Time Series Analysis of GST Upon Non-Performing Non-Housing Property Loans: Case Study from Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-58
Author(s):  
Kuen-Wei Tham ◽  
◽  
Rosli Said ◽  
Yasmin Mohd Adnan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Time Series Regression ◽  
Commercial Property ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Cost ◽  
First Time

Value Added Taxes increases the cost of living and affect the ability of loan repayments indirectly. The introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in Malaysia in 2014 had garnered significant attention on its potential negative effects on the property industry. Coincidentally, there is a rise of non-performing non-housing property loans (NPNHLs) consisting of industrial and commercial property loans as GST was introduced and was in effect. The NPNHLs which consists of mainly industrial and commercial property loans faced a steep increase for the first time in 2014, after a long and consistent decline since 2007. From the inception stage of the GST to its effective implementation date, the Malaysian NPNHLs responded with a unique pattern that offers an opportunity for research. Hence, this study aimed to investigate and measure the intervention spill-over effects of GST upon the Malaysian NPNHLs. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design of interruptive time series regression analysis, it was found that there is a close and significant relationship between the implementation of GST and the rise of NPNHLs in Malaysia. The pre and post intervention of the GST regime was found to be in sync with the rise of non-performing non-housing property loans in Malaysia. Keywords: value added tax, goods and services tax, interruptive time series regression, Malaysia

Implementasi Analisis Proses Bisnis Sebagai Upaya Pengurangan Biaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Aniek Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Business Process ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Procurement Process ◽  
Material Procurement ◽  
The Cost

Business Process Analysis can be used to eliminate or reduce a waste cost caused by non value added activities that exist in a process. This research aims at evaluating activities carried out in the natural material procurement process in the PT XYZ, calculating the effectiveness of the process cycle, finding a way to improve the process management, and calculating the cost reduction that can achieved by activity management. A case study was the approach of this research. The researcher obtained research data throughout deep interviews with the staff who directly involved in the process, observation, and documentation of natural material procurement. The result of this study show that the effectiveness of the process cycle of natural material procurement in the factory reached as much as 87,1% for the sand material and 72% for the crushed stone. This indicates that the process still carry activities with no added value and still contain ineffective costs. Through the Business Process Mechanism, these non value added activities can be managed so that the process cycle becomes more efficient and cost effectiveness is achieved. The result of the effective cycle calculation after the management activities implementation is 100%. This means that the cost of natural material procurement process has become effective. The result of calculation of the estimated cost reduction as a result of management activity is as much as Rp249.026.635,90 per year.

First and second laws of thermodynamics: relationship, “inconsistency”, hidden effects

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
A. M. Savchenko ◽  
Yu. V. Konovalov ◽  
A. V. Laushkin
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Internal Energy ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Entropy Of Mixing ◽  
Ideal Mixing ◽  
Laws Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of the first and second laws of thermodynamics based on their energy nature is considered. It is noted that the processes described by the second law of thermodynamics often take place hidden within the system, which makes it difficult to detect them. Nevertheless, even with ideal mixing, an increase in the internal energy of the system occurs, numerically equal to an increase in free energy. The largest contribution to the change in the value of free energy is made by the entropy of mixing, which has energy significance. The entropy of mixing can do the job, which is confirmed in particular by osmotic processes.

The Analogical Turn (1884–1887)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Darrigol
Keyword(s):  
Boltzmann Equation ◽  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Mechanical System ◽  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Equipartition Theorem ◽  
Royal Road ◽  
H Theorem

This chapter recounts how Boltzmann reacted to Hermann Helmholtz’s analogy between thermodynamic systems and a special kind of mechanical system (the “monocyclic systems”) by grouping all attempts to relate thermodynamics to mechanics, including the kinetic-molecular analogy, into a family of partial analogies all derivable from what we would now call a microcanonical ensemble. At that time, Boltzmann regarded ensemble-based statistical mechanics as the royal road to the laws of thermal equilibrium (as we now do). In the same period, he returned to the Boltzmann equation and the H theorem in reply to Peter Guthrie Tait’s attack on the equipartition theorem. He also made a non-technical survey of the second law of thermodynamics seen as a law of probability increase.

Second-Law Analysis in a Steam Power Plant for Minimization of Avoidable Exergy Destruction

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapan K. Ray ◽  
Pankaj Ekbote ◽  
Ranjan Ganguly ◽  
Amitava Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
Major Equipment ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

Performance analysis of a 500 MWe steam turbine cycle is performed combining the thermodynamic first and second-law constraints to identify the potential avenues for significant enhancement in efficiency. The efficiency of certain plant components, e.g. condenser, feed water heaters etc., is not readily defined in the gamut of the first law, since their output do not involve any thermodynamic work. Performance criteria for such components are defined in a way which can easily be translated to the overall influence of the cycle input and output, and can be used to assess performances under different operating conditions. A performance calculation software has been developed that computes the energy and exergy flows using thermodynamic property values with the real time operation parameters at the terminal points of each system/equipment and evaluates the relevant rational performance parameters for them. Exergy-based analysis of the turbine cycle under different strategic conditions with different degrees of superheat and reheat sprays exhibit the extent of performance deterioration of the major equipment and its impact to the overall cycle efficiency. For example, during a unit operation with attemperation flow, a traditional energy analysis alone would wrongly indicate an improved thermal performance of HP heater 5, since the feed water temperature rise across it increases. However, the actual performance degradation is reflected as an exergy analysis indicates an increased exergy destruction within the HP heater 5 under reheat spray. These results corroborate to the deterioration of overall cycle efficiency and rightly assist operational optimization. The exergy-based analysis is found to offer a more direct tool for evaluating the commercial implication of the off-design operation of an individual component of a turbine cycle. The exergy destruction is also translated in terms of its environmental impact, since the irretrievable loss of useful work eventually leads to thermal pollution. The technique can be effectively used by practicing engineers in order to improve efficiency by reducing the avoidable exergy destruction, directly assisting the saving of energy resources and decreasing environmental pollution.

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