scholarly journals Estimated Economic Impacts of the 2019 Midwest Floods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burton C. English ◽  
S. Aaron Smith ◽  
R. Jamey Menard ◽  
David W. Hughes ◽  
Michael Gunderson
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Disaster Assistance ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Crop Nutrients ◽  
Agricultural Input ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Sales

AbstractIn the spring of 2019, U.S. agriculture experienced a record high number of prevented planted acres primarily due to historic rainfall across large portions of the Corn Belt and Mid-South. Producers of corn, upland cotton, soybean, and wheat were impacted with a substantial loss of revenue due to no crops being produced and marketed. With about 11.4 million acres of corn not planted, foregone gross revenue from crop sales likely exceeded $6 billion alone. Instead of focusing on the loss of producers’ incomes as a result of prevented planted acres, our analysis focuses on the economic impacts, due to lost sales, for firms that provide inputs to farmers. Acres prevented from planting resulted in producers not incurring typical expenditures for planting and post planting inputs such as seed, crop nutrients, and crop protection (herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, etc.). Agricultural input manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers do not have similar opportunities to insure against foregone sales and have received no disaster assistance payments. Normally, the large geographic footprint of many of these firms mitigates the impact of localized weather effects. However, given the widespread nature of the wet spring, these firms were negatively affected across Corn Belt and Mid-South representing a substantial production area. Regional economic impact of declines in sales by agricultural input providers due to wet weather-based prevented plantings on 13.1 million acres. Direct sale losses of $2.9 billion led to $4.5 billion losses in total sales that were concentrated in parts of Minnesota, South Dakota, and Illinois.

The Impact of Plant Protection Systems on the Productivity of Soybean Varieties under Irrigated Conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-117
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
The South ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
The Impact

The application of preparations of biological origin in the protection system of soybean grown under conditions of intensive irrigated crop rotations conforms to the modern tendencies of science and production development. The use of them contributes to solving ecological, production and social-economic problems. The study presents the three-year research on the efficiency of systems protecting soybean from pests and diseases based on biological and chemical preparations. The research was conducted in typical soil and climate conditions of the South of Ukraine. Zonal agricultural methods and generally accepted research methodology were used. The purpose of the research was to create a soybean protection system based on preparations of biological origin, ensuring high productivity of high-quality products reducing a negative impact of the crop production on the environment. The study emphasizes that, under irrigated conditions of the South of Ukraine, the application of biological preparations has a positive impact on the indexes of growth, development and formation of the elements of soybean yield structure. There was an increase in the crop biological weight by 13.8 % and 22.1 % and the number of seeds per plant rose by 11.6 and 14.6 % as a consequence of eliminating harmful organisms with the plant protection systems. The larger ground mass was formed by medium-ripe varieties Danai and Svyatogor, on which the increase from protection measures was higher. Weight 1000 pcs. the seeds did not undergo significant changes. It is established that the larger seeds were formed by Danaya and Svyatogor varieties, in which the average weight is 1000 pcs. seeds were 142 and 136 g, respectively, while in the variety Diona this figure was 133 g. There was an increase in the height of the lowest pod when the total plant height rose. For medium-ripe varieties was characterized by a higher attachment of beans, where the highest values of this indicator acquired in the variety Svyatogor. The medium maturing soybean variety Danaia formed the maximum yield of 3.23 and 3.35 t/ha respectively, when biological and chemical protection systems were applied. The research establishes that the application of the bio-fungicide Psevdobakterin 2 (2.0 l/ha) in the crop protection system at the beginning of soybean flowering and the bio-fungicide Baktofit (2.5 l/ha) with the bio-insecticide Lepidotsid-BTU (10.0 l/ha) at the beginning of pod formation does not reduce the productivity of the soybean varieties under study considerably, when compared to the application of chemical preparations. The research determines that the soybean protection system under study ensures a decrease in the coefficient of soybean water uptake by 7.2-13.0 %, increasing the total water intake to an inconsiderable degree. Biologization of the soybean crop protection system leads to a reduction in production costs compared to the chemical protection system. Taking into account the needs for the collection of additional products, costs increase by an average of 1 thousand UAH/ha, while for chemical protection systems by 1.8 thousand UAH/ha. At the same time, the cost is reduced by 220-360 UAH/t and the profitability of growing crops is increased by 3.8-7.8 %. There has been a reduction in the burden of pesticides on the environment and the production of cleaner products. This indicates the prospect of using the biofungicides Pseudobacterin 2 and Bactophyte and the bioinsecticide Lepidocid-BTU on soybeans to protect plants from pests.

The EVALI outbreak and tobacco sales in the USA, 2014–2020

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056807
Author(s):  
Alex C Liber ◽  
Zachary Cahn ◽  
Megan C Diaz ◽  
Emily Donovan ◽  
Donna Vallone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
State Level ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Us States ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Tobacco Sales ◽  
Panel Regressions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Sales

BackgroundThe E-cigarette, or Vaping Product-Use Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) Outbreak of 2019 hospitalised thousands and killed dozens of people in the USA and raised perceptions of the dangers posed to health by electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). These illnesses along with continued increases in youth vaping rates lead to the passage of many state and federal laws intended to curtail the sale of flavoured e-cigarettes. Little is known about the impact of these events on US e-cigarette and cigarette retail sales.MethodsUsing Nielsen Scantrack sales data from January 2014 to January 2020 for 23 US states, we evaluate the effect of the EVALI outbreak. First-differenced state-panel regressions tracking unit sales of total-level and category-level e-cigarettes and cigarette sales controlling for price, Tobacco 21 policy coverage, product distribution, seasonality, EVALI-attributable deaths, and state-level e-cigarette policies affecting the availability of e-cigarettes (non-tobacco flavoured and total) were employed.ResultsDollar sales of e-cigarettes declined 29% from their pre-EVALI peak by January 2020. Total sales of e-cigarettes declined in response to EVALI deaths and the total e-cigarette sales ban put in place in Massachusetts adopted in its wake. Cigarette sales were largely unchanged by either the direct or indirect policy effects of the EVALI outbreak, except for in Massachusetts, where cigarette sales—particularly those smoked by young people—rose temporarily after a total ban on e-cigarette sales.ConclusionSales of e-cigarettes declined in response to the EVALI outbreak and from the most restrictive regulatory policies that were adopted in response, while sales of cigarettes were affected less.

scholarly journals The impact of sowingdate and production area on the yield of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) on Nyírség brown forest soil

2014 ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Gabriella Tóth ◽  
Ferenc Borbély
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Production Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lupinus Albus L

The lupine is very sensitive to the different ecological conditions. The examinations of lupine was started in 2003 and our aim is determine yield components which directly affecting crop yields (flower, pod and seed number per plants) in different sowing times (3 times, two weeks apart) and growing area area (240, 480, 720 cm2) combinations. According to our results the sowing times, the growing area and the meteorological conditions are influence on yield significantly. Our data suggest that the early sowing and large growing area combination is favourable to rate of fertilized plants and to development of yield. Later sowing reduces the seed yield depending on the cropyear. In our experiment, the decrease of yield was in the unfavourable year (2003) 20–96%, and in the most favourable meteorological conditions (2004) 10–79%, and in rich rainfall year (2005) 15–88%.

The Impact of Agricultural Input Subsidy on Productivity: The Case of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvester Amoako Agyemang ◽  
Tomáš Ratinger ◽  
Miroslava Bavorová
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Input ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Does Corporate Charitable Giving Help Sustain Corporate Performance in China?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keling Wang ◽  
Yaqiong Miao ◽  
Ching-Hui Su ◽  
Ming-Hsiang Chen ◽  
Zhongjun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Corporate Performance ◽  
Sales Growth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Sales

We examined whether corporate charitable giving (CCG) in China benefits corporate performance (CP) in terms of sales growth (SG), return on asset (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and Tobin’s Q (TQ), and revealed several findings. First, testing shows variation in the impact of CCG on CP. Whereas the ratio of corporate charitable giving (RCCG) to total sales revenue does not significantly enhance SG, ROA, and ROE, it is positively related to TQ. Second, the positive relationship between RCCG and TQ originates from non-state-owned firms (NSOFs) rather than state-owned firms (SOFs). Third, Chinese firms may use CCG as traditional philanthropy to enhance long-term performance instead of strategically using it to generate short-term performance. Lastly, an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between RCCG and TQ, especially for NSOFs.

scholarly journals Measurement of Allocative Biases of Production Control Policies

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Production Control ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Empirical Application ◽  
Convenient Means ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North And South

Because of growing stocks of grain and the reinstitution of production controls, the question of what allocative impacts such controls imply is once again relevant. The prospect that restrictions on land use may initiate an intensification in the use of substitute inputs such as fertilizer, which are already high in price, is discouraging. Although the issue is an old one, empirical evidence on the extent of these effects is incomplete.1 The purpose of this article is to derive a convenient means of measuring the allocative effects of changes in input restrictions. As an example of empirical application, results are presented which indicate the impact of acreage restrictions during the marketing quota years in North and South Dakota.

scholarly journals The Polarimetric Sensitivity of SMAP-Reflectometry Signals to Crop Growth in the U.S. Corn Belt

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007
Author(s):  
Nereida Rodriguez-Alvarez ◽  
Sidharth Misra ◽  
Mary Morris
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Crop Height ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
The Impact

Crop growth is an important parameter to monitor in order to obtain accurate remotely sensed estimates of soil moisture, as well as assessments of crop health, productivity, and quality commonly used in the agricultural industry. The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission has been collecting Global Positioning System (GPS) signals as they reflect off the Earth’s surface since August 2015. The L-band dual-polarization reflection measurements enable studies of the evolution of geophysical parameters during seasonal transitions. In this paper, we examine the sensitivity of SMAP-reflectometry signals to agricultural crop growth related characteristics: crop type, vegetation water content (VWC), crop height, and vegetation opacity (VOP). The study presented here focuses on the United States “Corn Belt,” where an extensive area is planted every year with mostly corn, soybean, and wheat. We explore the potential to generate regularly an alternate source of crop growth information independent of the data currently used in the soil moisture (SM) products developed with the SMAP mission. Our analysis explores the variability of the polarimetric ratio (PR), computed from the peak signals at V- and H-polarization, during the United States Corn Belt crop growing season in 2017. The approach facilitates the understanding of the evolution of the observed surfaces from bare soil to peak growth and the maturation of the crops until harvesting. We investigate the impact of SM on PR for low roughness scenes with low variability and considering each crop type independently. We analyze the sensitivity of PR to the selected crop height, VWC, VOP, and Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) reference datasets. Finally, we discuss a possible path towards a retrieval algorithm based on Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) measurements that could be used in combination with passive SMAP soil moisture algorithms to correct simultaneously for the VWC and SM effects on the electromagnetic signals.

scholarly journals The Effect of Sport Tourism Management on Support for Tourism Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ra’ed Masa’deh ◽  
Mohammed Abdullah Nasseef ◽  
Hamzeh Alshayeb ◽  
Jawad Ojilat ◽  
Malek Alshafiee
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Sport Tourism ◽  
Resident Attitudes ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to examine the impact of sport tourism (by using the variables of social impacts, environmental impacts, and economic impacts) on support for tourism development. A total of 480 questionnaire containing 19 items was used to collect information from the local residents in Aqaba city. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the research hypotheses. Results of the current study revealed that there are significant impacts of two independent variables (i.e. environmental impacts, and economic impacts) on support for tourism development; whereas the vriable of social impacts has not significant impact on it. Results of T-test showed that there is no significant difference in the impact of resident attitudes towards sustainable tourism development in favor of gender. On the other hand, results of ANOVA test found that while there is no significant difference in the impact of resident attitudes towards sustainable tourism development that can be attributed to age and educational level; a significant difference in favor of personal income was found.

scholarly journals The impact of agricultural input subsidies on food and nutrition security: a systematic review

Food Security ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1425-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen L. Walls ◽  
Deborah Johnston ◽  
Mehroosh Tak ◽  
Jane Dixon ◽  
Johanna Hanefeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Food And Nutrition Security ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Agricultural Input ◽  
The Impact

Environmental and Economic Assessment of Recycled Aluminum Alloy Production - A Case Study of China

2010 ◽  
Vol 146-147 ◽  
pp. 1027-1030
Author(s):  
Jing Min Hong ◽  
Zainab Z. Ismail ◽  
Jing Lan Hong
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Aluminum Scrap ◽  
Terrestrial Ecotoxicity ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

A life cycle assessment was carried out to estimate the environmental and economic impacts of recycled aluminum alloy production. The impact seen from non-carcinogens, respiratory inorganics, terrestrial ecotoxicity, global warming and non-renewable energy categories played an important role to overall environmental impacts. The impact seen from carcinogens and aquatic ecotoxicity played relatively small role, while the impact seen from the rest categories affect the environment was ignorable. Specifically, the emissions from the aluminum and silicon production stages involved played an important role due to high energy consumption, while potential impact generated from other elements was quite small. Similarly, the cost of old aluminum scrap represented the dominant contribution to overall economic impacts. Accordingly, choosing natural gas based electricity production technology and improving old aluminum scrap consumption efficiency are the efficient way to minimize the overall environmental and economic impact, respectively.

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