Contact allergens and prevention of contact dermatitis

1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1071-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigfrid Fregert
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Contact Allergens

scholarly journals Contact-Allergic Reactions to Cosmetics

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Goossens
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Hair Dyes ◽  
Contact Allergens ◽  
Contact Urticaria ◽  
The Future ◽  
Golden Standard ◽  
Hair Care ◽  
Allergic Contact

Contact-allergic reactions to cosmetics may be delayed-type reactions such as allergic and photo-allergic contact dermatitis, and more exceptionally also immediate-type reactions, that is, contact urticaria. Fragrances and preservative agents are the most important contact allergens, but reactions also occur to category-specific products such as hair dyes and other hair-care products, nail cosmetics, sunscreens, as well as to antioxidants, vehicles, emulsifiers, and, in fact, any possible cosmetic ingredient. Patch and prick testing to detect the respective culprits remains the golden standard for diagnosis, although additional tests might be useful as well. Once the specific allergens are identified, the patients should be informed of which products can be safely used in the future.

Common Contact Allergens Associated with Eyelid Dermatitis: Data from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group 2003-2004 Study Period

Dermatitis ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Rietschel ◽  
Erin M. Warshaw ◽  
Denis Sasseville ◽  
Joseph F. Fowler ◽  
Vincent A. DeLeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
North American ◽  
Contact Allergens ◽  
The North

scholarly journals A nikkelérzékenység jelentősége az Európai Unió direktíváinak tükrében

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (16) ◽  
pp. 629-637
Author(s):  
Nóra Nádudvari ◽  
Dominik Németh ◽  
Györgyi Pónyai ◽  
Miklós Sárdy ◽  
Erzsébet Temesvári
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Contact Sensitization ◽  
Contact Allergens ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Outpatient Unit ◽  
Contact Allergen ◽  
Allergic Contact

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A nikkel széleskörűen elterjedt fém és kontaktallergén. Megtalálható mindennapi használati tárgyainkban, feldolgozza az ipari termelés, és az egészségügyben is rendre bővül alkalmazási köre. Egyidejűleg a társadalom növekvő hányadánál fordul elő nikkel-kontaktszenzibilizáció. Célkitűzés: Az epicutan tesztelt betegcsoport adatainak feldolgozása, kiemelve a nikkelpozitív betegek megoszlását nem, életkor, diagnózis, a klinikai tünetek lokalizációja és a társult fémérzékenység szerint, továbbá a 2004 óta érvényes európai uniós Nikkel Direktívák hatásainak tanulmányozása. Módszer: A közlemény a Semmelweis Egyetem Bőr-, Nemikórtani és Bőronkológiai Klinikájának Allergológia Laboratórium és Szakambulanciáján 1994-től 2014-ig 13 693 fő (10–87 év közötti) standard környezeti epicutan sorral tesztelt beteg adatait vizsgálja retrospektív módon. Eredmények: Az összes vizsgált bőrbeteg nikkelszenzibilizációs aránya 1994-ben 13,1%, 2004-ben 11,5%, 2014-ben 19,1% volt. A nikkel-kontaktdermatitis főként nőbetegeknél (93,0%) fordul elő. A klinikai tünetek elsősorban a karokra és az arcra lokalizálódnak. Nikkelérzékenyeknél az allergiás kontaktdermatitis diagnózisa 65,8%, atopiás dermatitis 9,7%-nál fordul elő. A nikkelérzékenységhez leggyakrabban társult fémallergének a kobalt és a króm. Az 1994–2004-es periódushoz képest az európai uniós Nikkel Direktívákat követő 10 évben a szenzibilizáció százalékos emelkedése szignifikáns volt, ugyanakkor a nikkelpozitívak évenkénti száma csökkent. 1994-ben a betegek legnagyobb hányada (26,5%) a 20–24 éves korcsoportba tartozott, 2004-ben szintén (20,8%), 2014-ben azonban a 35–39 éves korosztályhoz (15,1%). Következtetések: A nikkelszenzibilizáció korban eltolódást mutat az idősebb korosztály felé, a 35 évesnél fiatalabb betegek száma mérséklődött. A Nikkel Direktívák révén a fiatalabbak későbbi életkorban és kisebb mértékű nikkelexpozíciónak vannak kitéve. A vizsgált betegek nikkelérzékenységének százalékos emelkedése miatt azonban újabb szabályozások bevezetése és a hatályban lévők módosítása szükségszerű. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(16): 629–637. Summary. Introduction: Nickel is a widely used metal and contact allergen. It can be found in our everyday objects and it is becoming more prevalent in healthcare. Simultaneously, nickel contact sensitization occurs more frequently. Objective: Analysis of data of patch tested patients by gender, age, diagnosis, localization of skin lesions, and associated metal sensitivity. Furthermore, to study the effects of the European Nickel Directives in force since 2004. Method: Retrospective analysis of data of 13 693 patients (aged 10–87) tested with a standard series of contact allergens at the Allergy Outpatient Unit and Laboratory of the Department, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University. Result: Nickel sensitization of all examined patients was 13.1% in 1994, 11.5% in 2004, and 19.1% in 2014. Contact dermatitis occurred mainly in females (93.0%). Skin lesions are primarily localized to the arms and face. Diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis occurred in 65.8%, and atopic dermatitis in 9.7% of tested patients. Commonly associated metal sensitivities were cobalt and chromium. In the 10 years following the Nickel Directives, the increase of the ratio of sensitized patients was significant while the number of nickel-positives per year decreased. Both in 1994 and 2004, the largest proportion of patients belonged to the 20–24 age group (26.5% and 20.8%, respectively), but in 2014, to the 35–39 age group (15.1%). Conclusion: Nickel sensitization shifts towards the older age group, with a decrease in young patients. Because of the Nickel Directives, people are exposed to nickel at a later age and to a lesser extent. Due to the increase of the ratio of nickel-sensitive patients, it is necessary to introduce new regulations and amend the existing ones. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(16): 629–637.

scholarly journals Role of contact allergens in chronicity and relapses of nummular eczema

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Renu Rattan ◽  
Gita R. Tegta ◽  
Vinay Shanker ◽  
Ghanshyam K. Verma ◽  
Anuj Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Contact Allergens ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
International Contact ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Allergic Contact ◽  
Nummular Eczema

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Endogenous eczemas are often complicated by exogenous factors like environment and contact allergens. Nummular eczema, a variant of endogenous eczema is no exception to this. Our study aimed at investigating the incidence of allergic contact dermatitis and finding offending agent responsible for chronicity or relapsing course of nummular eczema in patients from a hilly region with cold and dry environmental conditions<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Forty patients of nummular eczema with a mean age of 39.1±19 years were patch tested with the Indian Standard Patch Test Series. Positive reactions were graded as per recommendations of International contact dermatitis research group.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Twenty one out of forty patch tested patients showed positive reactions. The most common allergens were found to be: fragrance mix in seven (17.5%) patients, nickel in five (12.5%) patients, PPD in three (7.5%) patients and gentamicin in two (5%) patients. Sensitivity to thiuram mix, black rubber mix, P. tert. butylphenol formaldehyde, neomycin, benzocaine and chinoform was observed in one patient each (2.5% each)<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Patients of nummular eczema of a hilly region are at a significant risk of developing allergic contact dermatitis owing to xerosis due to dry environmental conditions. This results in chronic nature of their disease. Patch testing should be considered in such patients and avoidance of offending allergens can improve their quality of life<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

scholarly journals Common Contact Sensitizers among Patients with Hand Eczema: A Multicenter-Study in Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
S. Bhattarai ◽  
A. Rijal ◽  
S. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Patch Test ◽  
Patch Testing ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Hand Eczema ◽  
Contact Allergens ◽  
Allergic Contact

Introduction: Allergic contact dermatitis in Nepal is not an uncommon disorder. Patch testing is a well established method of diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis. Patients with contact dermatitis are well known to have impaired quality of life which often leads to frequent dermatological consultations.Objective: Lack of data from Nepal has prompted us to undertake this study with the aims to know the frequency of allergic contact dermatitis and the commonest contact allergens among the patients with Hand eczema attending the out-patient department of dermatology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences and Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital.Material and Methods: A total of 256 patients were included in the study. Out of them 195 with hand eczema agreed to participate and undergo patch testing. The antigens used included the Indian standard series of patch test allergens approved by Contact and Occupational Dermatoses Forum of India.Results: Hundred and ten cases (56.4%) were patch test positive (PTP) at 48 as well as 96 hours to at least one allergen. PTP was seen more commonly in females. The most common allergen in females was nickel sulphate followed by cobalt chloride, gentamicin and mercapto mix while males were positive to potassium dichromate, followed by epoxy resin, fragrance mix and nickel sulphate.Conclusion: Patch testing has proved a useful tool for the detection of allergic contact dermatitis and for identification of contact allergens. When positive reactions correlate with environmental exposure the test usually assists the physician in establishing the cause of dermatitis, hence treating the patients and improving their quality of life.Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology, Vol.14(1) 2016, pp.14-17

Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Children

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 240-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Hogan ◽  
William L. Weston
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Contact Allergens ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
American Children ◽  
Allergic Contact

Definition Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an inflammatory reaction of the skin that follows percutaneous absorption of antigen from the skin surface and recruitment of previously sensitized, antigen-specific T lymphocytes into the skin. Epidemiology In the pediatric age group, ACD can involve either sex and manifest as early as the first week of life. A recent review of several European and US studies found that ACD may account for up to 20% of cases of dermatitis in the 0- to 14-year-old age group. Although the incidence and prevalence of the disease in the general pediatric population is unknown, epicutaneous patch testing of randomly selected and otherwise healthy children revealed that 13% to 20% were allergic to one or more common antigens, suggesting that at least 20% of children in the general population theoretically are at risk of developing ACD. When one considers poison ivy or poison oak as contact allergens prevalent in certain areas of North America, the likelihood of allergic contact dermatitis may be much higher. Pediatricians should recognize that children are sensitized to contact allergens early in life, with most children being sensitized by age 5 years. The allergens most commonly responsible for allergic contact dermatitis in North American children are listed in Table 1.

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