Prion proteins: Physiological functions and role in neurological disorders

Host metabolism has recently gained more attention for its roles in physiological functions and pathologic conditions. Of these, metabolic tryptophan disorders generate a pattern of abnormal metabolites that are implicated in various diseases. Here, we briefly highlight the recent advances regarding abnormal tryptophan metabolism in HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and discuss its potential impact on immune regulation, disease progression, and neurological disorders. Finally, we also discuss the potential for metabolic tryptophan interventions toward these infectious diseases.

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Recent Developments in Health Law

The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics ◽

10.1111/j.1748-720x.1994.tb01293.x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 179-185

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Neurological Disorders ◽

National Institutes Of Health ◽

Molecular Biologist ◽

Health Law ◽

Gene Sequences ◽

Craig Venter ◽

Physiological Functions ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Complete Set ◽

Brain Tissues

On June 20,1991, Dr. Craig Venter, then a molecular biologist at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, a member agency of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), revealed that the NIH was filing an application with the Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) to patent 351 genetic fragments sequenced from brain tissues. The first of many applications filed by the NIH during the next two years, the agency also applied to patent the complete set of genes encompassing each fragment. These applications were filed despite the fact that the full gene sequences, their protein products, and their functions were still unknown (several genetic fragments make up a gene, and these fragments code for protein those products that have physiological functions; an example of such a product is insulin).

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Ultrastructural Effects of Acute Kepone Treatment in Rats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010009141x ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 286-287

Author(s):

Richard L. Klein ◽

Åsa K. Thureson-Klein ◽

Harihara M. Mehendale

Keyword(s):

Neurological Disorders ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

Reproductive Capacity ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Lipid Deposition ◽

Severe Toxicity ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Ether Anesthesia ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

KeponeR (decachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta[cd]pentalen-2-one) is an insecticide effective against ants and roaches. It can cause severe toxicity in fishes, birds, rodents and man. Prominent effects include hepatic lipid deposition and hypertrophy, impairment of reproductive capacity and neurological disorders. Mitochondrial oligomycin-sensitive Mg2+-ATPase is also inhibited. The present study is a preliminary investigation of tissue ultrastructural changes accompanying physiological signs of acute toxicity, which after two days treatment include: pronounced hypersensitivity and tremor, various degrees of anorexia and adipsia, and decreased weight gain.Three different series of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles River or CD-I) were treated by intubation with Kepone in corn oil at a dose of 50 mg per kg for 3 successive days or at 200 ppm in food for 8 days. After ether anesthesia, rats were immediately perfused via a cannula in the left ventricle with 4% p-formaldehyde and 0.5% glutaraldehyde in Millonig's phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 for 20-30 min at 22°C.

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Introduction: Update on Pharmacological and Medical Management of Neurological Disorders

Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders ◽

10.1044/nnsld10.2.3 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 3-3

Author(s):

Lyn Turkstra

Keyword(s):

Medical Management ◽

Neurological Disorders

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Cognitive Rehabilitation for Pediatric Neurological Disorders

10.1017/9781316855683 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Neurological Disorders ◽

Cognitive Rehabilitation

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Musical Anhedonia

Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie ◽

10.1024/1016-264x/a000292 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 62-68

Author(s):

Sara E. Holm ◽

Alexander Schmidt ◽

Christoph J. Ploner

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Nucleus Accumbens ◽

Brain Damage ◽

Parietal Cortex ◽

Neurological Disorders ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Precise Information ◽

Exact Localization ◽

High Prevalence

Abstract. Some people, although they are perfectly healthy and happy, cannot enjoy music. These individuals have musical anhedonia, a condition which can be congenital or may occur after focal brain damage. To date, only a few cases of acquired musical anhedonia have been reported in the literature with lesions of the temporo-parietal cortex being particularly important. Even less literature exists on congenital musical anhedonia, in which impaired connectivity of temporal brain regions with the Nucleus accumbens is implicated. Nonetheless, there is no precise information on the prevalence, causes or exact localization of both congenital and acquired musical anhedonia. However, the frequent involvement of temporo-parietal brain regions in neurological disorders such as stroke suggest the possibility of a high prevalence of this disorder, which leads to a considerable reduction in the quality of life.

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