Maxentius, the Dioscuri, and the Legitimisation of Imperial Power

Antichthon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 161-180
Author(s):  
Gwynaeth McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Imperial Power ◽  
Ideological Conflict ◽  
The City ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractMythological twin brothers played key roles in the establishment and preservation of the city of Rome. This article examines the use of one particular set of brothers, Castor and Pollux, by rival forms of government in the early fourth century ce. In his work on the representations of the Dioscuri on Roman coinage, Gricourt argues that the Dioscuri symbolise the same ideas on Maxentius’ coins as on other such imperial coinage, namely their role in maintaining the eternal order of the universe and their roles as protectors of soldiers.1 More recently, however, Marlowe and Hekster have successfully argued that Maxentius’ ideology was a counterclaim to that presented by the Tetrarchy.2 Developing this notion further with respect to Maxentius’ coinage, this article argues that, for the Tetrarchs, Castor and Pollux served as the ideal figures to symbolise the importance of concordia in the collective rule of like-minded individuals. Maxentius, however, used Castor and Pollux in connection with other symbols of the city of Rome (such as Romulus, Remus, and the she-wolf) on his coins to promote his restoration of the city of Rome (in conjunction with titles such as princeps and conservator urbis suae). The examination of this ideological conflict between Maxentius and the Tetrarchy, through their use of Castor and Pollux on their coinage, sheds light on the mutability of myth and its role in the promotion of particular aspects of mythological narratives and figures to support an individual’s own claims to power.

Sicily

2019 ◽  
pp. 536-552
Author(s):  
Salvatore de Vincenzo
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Advanced Degree ◽  
Characteristic Type ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City

Thucydides reports that the Phoenicians were present throughout Sicily and traded with the Sicels. A tangible Phoenician presence in Sicily, as expressed by pottery, is attested only at the end of the eighth century bce. The earliest hypothetical Phoenician settlements of Solunt and Panormus are still almost unknown. This earliest phase is associated in particular with the city of Motya, where pottery and a few other finds testify to it. The Punic phase of the island is much clearer, with almost all indications coming from Motya and Selinus, which were not built over in Roman times. The Pfeilertempel, as emerged from Motya, could be regarded as the prototype for the Phoenician temple in Sicily. In turn, it is possible to recognize a characteristic type of temple of Punic Sicily, as particularly shown at Selinus, These shrines, as well as other elements of the Punic settlements like the houses, the fortifications, or the necropoleis, in particular from the fourth century bce onwards, are evidence of an advanced degree of Hellenization, framed within a Mediterranean koine.

Metabolic response to temperature stress in the Colombian freshwater crab Neostrengeria macropa (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pseudothelphusidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Indicator Group ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The City ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Freshwater crustaceans are distributed throughout the montane and lowland areas of Colombia, and are therefore a useful indicator group for how aquatic species will respond to climate change. As such, metabolic determination of physiological performance was evaluated for the Colombian pseudothelphusid crab, Neostrengeria macropa (H. Milne Edwards, 1853), over a temperature range inclusive of current temperatures and those predicted by future scenarios in the plateau around the city of Bogotá, namely from 8 °C to 30 °C. The performance results mostly aligned with previous exploratory behavioral determination of the ideal temperature range in the same species, although the metabolism increased at the highest temperature treatments, a point when exploratory behavior declined. These results indicate that this species of montane crab behaviorally compensates for increased thermal stress by decreasing its physical activity, which could have negative predator-prey consequences with changes to community structure as different species undergo climate-mediated geographic range shifts in the region. As this species is endemic to the plateau surrounding Bogotá, it also experiences a number of other stressors to its survival, including infrastructure development and invasive species.

scholarly journals The role of the nurse in the neonatal intensive care unit: between the ideal, the real and the possible

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liciane Langona Montanholi ◽  
Miriam Aparecida Barbosa Merighi ◽  
Maria Cristina Pinto de Jesus
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public And Private Hospitals ◽  
The City ◽  
Social Phenomenology ◽  
The Ideal

The nurse is one of the professionals responsible for the care directed toward the physical, mental and social development of newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. This study aimed to comprehend the experience of nurses working in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Data collection was performed in 2008, through interviews with 12 nurses working in public and private hospitals of the city of São Paulo. The units of meaning identified were grouped into three categories: Developing actions; Perceiving their actions and Expectations. The analysis was based on social phenomenology. It was concluded that the overload of activities, the reduced number of staff, the lack of materials, equipment and the need for professional improvement are the reality of the work of the nurse in this sector. To supervise the care is the possible; integral care of the newborn, involving the parents, is the ideal desired.

Guerrilla art in the city: Urban and social revitalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrica Lovaglio ◽  
Manuel Scortichini
Keyword(s):  
Public Art ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
The Political ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Collaborative Action ◽  
Economic Revitalization ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
The City ◽  
The Ideal

Without a permit, a masterplan, or corporate or public funding, artists have evaded conventional norms to accomplish a feat: the urban and socio-economic revitalization of abandoned or depressed cities worldwide. In Rio’s favelas and America’s impoverished suburbs, artists are the political force that promotes local economies, defines collective identities, gives people a sense of belonging, while covering the land with beauty. To act at the city’s scale, artists teach their craft to the locals and use art to empower the community, and unveil needed urban policies, bringing economic development, expertise and collaborative action. As a result, public art becomes instrumental for infusing new life in marginalized neighbourhoods, and the city becomes the ideal canvas for free expression without bureaucracy. This article is a bird’s eye view of two public art interventions that have highlighted the political and pedagogical implications of a citizen-design approach to urban renewal. Ultimately, it is a call for artists to activate as impactful makers of urban transformations.

A VISUAL METAPHOR OF THE MEDIEVAL SOCIETY IN THE LATE 15th - EARLY 16th CENTURIES RUSSIAN “IN THEE REJOICETH” ICONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-122
Author(s):  
Ludmila Sukina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Capital City ◽  
Visual Metaphor ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Human Race ◽  
City Community ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Spiritual Authority ◽  
The City ◽  
The Ideal

The author examines the “In Thee rejoiceth” icons as visual sources that make it possible to reconstruct the ideal model of medieval society in the Moscow culture of the late 15th and early 16th centuries. This icon type, which includes the scenes of “Human race” collective praying to the Mother of God, is of Russian origin. Unlike other works of that time typologically close to it (“The Intercession”, “The Congregation of Our Lady”, “The Congregation of All Saints”, etc.), the “In Thee rejoiceth” icons demonstrate a historical connection to religious and socio-cultural facts of the Muscovy state. They clearly express the idea of Muscovy enjoying special patronage of the Mother of God, whose cult was actively developed in Moscow, the city that, as was believed at the Grand Dukes’ court, inherited the traditions and the spiritual authority of Constantinople. The depiction of the “Human race” in the “In Thee rejoiceth” icons can be viewed as a metaphorical image of the capital city community consisting of different groups of clergy and laity. This image corresponded to the ideas of the authorities and the population of the Russian state that existed under Ivan III and Vasili III.

scholarly journals Gjirokastra’S Promotion as a Branding & Marketing City

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Jonida Avdulaj ◽  
Klodian Muço
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Marketing Plan ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
City Image ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Simple Economic

The sustainable development of the tourism phenomenon and the impact that it produces it is important not only for the enterprises receiving tourism but also for the economic sectors correlated with the structures above as handicrafts, trade and services, turning tourism in a primary factor for the economic development of a region or a country. To talk about tourism in a city very rich in "contrasts" such as Gjirokastra, is an issue that goes beyond simple economic aspect, generating significant consequences in terms of geography and especially in social level. This is because Gjirokastra is a city with a glorious history since the fifteenth century, rich in culture, archaeology, enogastronomia (Food and wine) and several endless natural beauties. Although is the capital of the most important cultural event, the national folk festival which perform the tradition through the art. Shortly, Gjirokastra is a genuine multidimensional brand; the promotion of it would increase the income, the employment, the consumption and most of all it would transform into in an international city. Certainly to promote this brand it is needed a coordination between decision-maker institutions and local businesses but above all is necessary an efficient and comprehensive marketing plan that promote "brand " pointing at the same time in the centre of the universe "tourist".Based on this affirmation, this paper requires just to give some modest idea on the development of the city image through qualitative and quantitative analysis of data obtained from a sample of tourists visiting various cities in the world and recently have visited the Gjirokastra.

scholarly journals The Insula of the Menander at Pompeii: Interim Report

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Ling
Keyword(s):  
General Trend ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
The West ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Economic Basis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City

SummaryA British team has been working since 1978 upon a programme of documentation and analysis in the Insula of the Menander at Pompeii, one of the irregular city-blocks situated immediately to the west of the old part of the city in an area which was developed from the early fourth century B.C onwards. Study of the structural techniques, of wall-abutments, and of anomalies in plan can be used in conjunction with the evidence of painted wall-plaster to identify five main phases in the building-history: Phase I (fourth-third centuries B.C), Phase 2 (second and early first centuries B.C), Phase 3 (c. 80-c. 15 B.C), Phase 4 (c. 15 B.C.-C. A.D. 50), Phase 5 (c. A.D. 50-79). These illustrate a complex pattern of changing property-boundaries, but underline the general trend towards increasing commercialization and greater pressure upon living-space in this area of the city. There is also interesting evidence of the economic basis of life in the individual houses during the years immediately before 79.

scholarly journals Cultural Transfer and Dialogue of Cultures in the Russian and Latin American Civilizational Borderlands

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-127
Author(s):  
Yakov SHEMYAKIN
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Cultural Transfer ◽  
Planetary Scale ◽  
Intercultural Interaction ◽  
Basic Reason ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Ideal

The article compares “cultural transfer” and “dialogue of cultures” as socio-cultural realities in two "border" civilizations of planetary scale – Latin America and Russia. The author develops and illustrates the thesis that identity of subjects of intercultural interaction is a necessary precondition and the key to cultural transfer. The focus is on the problematics of the dialogue of cultures. According to the author, the basic reason for all difficulties to put into practice the ideal of dialogue consists in what W. O. Quine described as the problem of "radical translation", that is, of understanding texts created within another culture based on essentially different views about the universe and life.

scholarly journals Government houses as presentation of power and ideology in the Ottoman State: The case of Safranbolu Government House

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-145
Author(s):  
Sema Tuba Özmen ◽  
Beyza Onur
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Dominant Ideology ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City ◽  
Ideological Context ◽  
The Ideal

Architecture, which is associated with the practice of producing space, has always rendered the powers and ideologies visible. This study investigates the government houses in the 19th century Ottoman State with regard to the notions of power and ideology and focuses on the Government House of Safranbolu. It is known that, in the specified period, government houses were important ideological interventions to urban space. This study aims to address the ideological context of the Safranbolu Government House, which is positioned with the ideal of the state. Based on this, first, the urban history of Safranbolu was examined. The importance of Safranbolu Government House in the history of the city, its relationship with the city, its ideological message to the city-dwellers and its architectural style were analyzed through a method based on archival research. All government houses of the period are the artifacts of urban-spatial structures and their architectural style as well as a shared ideology. Safranbolu Government House, which is one of the structures symbolizing the Ottoman State, was also built with a similar ideological consideration. Thus, the readability of the dominant ideology through the production style of Safranbolu Government House, one of the final period architectural artifacts of the Ottoman State, was verified.

scholarly journals Keadilan Hukum Jeremy Bentham dan Relevansinya bagi Praktik Hukum Kontemporer

Humaniora ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Frederikus Fios
Keyword(s):  
Global Politics ◽  
Jeremy Bentham ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Universe Of Discourse ◽  
British Philosopher ◽  
The Ideal

Fair punishment for a condemned has been long debated in the universe of discourse of law and global politics. The debate on the philosophical level was no less lively. Many schools of thought philosophy question, investigate, reflect and assess systematically the ideal model for the subject just punishment in violation of the law. One of the interesting and urgent legal thought Jeremy Bentham, a British philosopher renowned trying to provide a solution in the middle of the debate was the doctrine or theory of utilitarianism. The core idea is that the fair punishment should be a concern for happiness of a condemned itself, and not just for revenge. Bentham thought has relevance in several dimensions such as dimensions of humanism, moral and utility.  

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