The growth of sugar beet under different water regimes

In a small plot experiment in which the crop was protected from rain, the application of large amounts of water to keep the soil water stress to a minimum gave very large crop yields. One-fifth of this amount of water gave 80% of the maximum yield. Small, frequent applications of water appeared to give higher yields than the same amount of water in one large application. Yield differences were due to differences in leaf areas rather than to differences in net assimilation rates.

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The effects of subsoiling and deep incorporation of P and K fertilizers on the yield and nutrient uptake of barley, potatoes, wheat and sugar beet grown in rotation

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600053946 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

pp. 695-702 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

J. McEwen ◽

A. E. Johnston

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Dolomitic Limestone ◽

Exchangeable K ◽

K Fertilizer ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Small Plot ◽

The Mean ◽

Plot Experiment

SUMMARYA small-plot experiment on sandy loam soil at Woburn tested the effects of subsoiling by hand and of incorporating a large dressing of P and K fertilizer into the subsoil.Ths treatments were applied once in 1973 and their effects were assessed from 1974 to 1977 on the yields of, and N, P, K uptakes by, barley, potatoes, wheat and sugar beet grown in rotation. All crops were present each year and all plots received annual seedbed dressings of N, P and K appropriate to the crop. Dolomitic limestone was applied once in the rotation. The effects of the treatments on P soluble in 0·5 M-NaHCO3 and exchangeable K in surface and subsoils were measured.Subsoiling alone increased the 4-year mean yield of wheat by 21%, of barley by 24% and of sugar from sugar beet by 11%. Mean yield of potatoes was unaffected.Incorporating P and K into the subsoil increased the mean yield of potatoes by 16% and further increased mean yield, in addition to the effect of subsoiling, of barley by 20% and of sugar by 4%. Mean yield of wheat was not further affected.

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Effects of water stress on leaf expansion, net photosynthesis, and vegetative growth of soybeans and cotton

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b78-174 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 56 (13) ◽

pp. 1492-1498 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

James A. Bunce

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Water Stress ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Leaf Expansion ◽

Soil Water Stress ◽

Unit Leaf ◽

Low Humidity ◽

Net Assimilation

Soybeans and cotton were subjected to humidities from 40 to 80% at 23 °C and to soil drought during early vegetative growth under controlled conditions. Measurements were made of leaf water potentials, leaf expansion rates, leaf diffusive resistances to water vapor, and whole-shoot net photosynthesis rates. Net assimilation rates were calculated from harvest data. Low humidity resulted in low leaf water potential and low turgor in all cases and resulted in reduced leaf expansion rates in some, but not all, cases. Low humidity reduced dry weight growth only where leaf expansion rates were reduced. Net photosynthesis rates per unit leaf area were unaffected by low humidity, despite up to 1.5-fold increases in diffusive resistance to water vapor. During soil water stress, leaf expansion rates were reduced 1–2 days before net photosynthesis rates per unit leaf area were reduced, but leaf expansion continued at night after net photosynthesis rates were severely reduced by stress. As a result, the relative importance of leaf area expansion and net assimilation rate to growth in dry weight during soil water stress was dependent on the degree and duration of stress.

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Effect of mineral fertilizers with different sulphur content on the yield of winter wheat in a small plot experiment

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/36/2798 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 97-100

Author(s):

Éva Mars ◽

Péter Sipos ◽

Norbert Boros ◽

Zsuzsanna Tarján ◽

Zoltán Győri

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Important Field ◽

Small Plot ◽

The University ◽

Plot Experiment

We can find more and more references on the importance of sulphur and sulphur fertilization, mainly in the case of most important field crops, as cereals, maize, and the oilseeds. The traditional sulphur sources continuously lost their importance by the stringent air pollution orders and nowadays they are not able to meet the demands of plants. Besides, the application of superphosphate, as phosphorus mineral fertilizer, decreased in several countries. Sulphur fertilization is required in most cases to reach the required yields and quality parameters. The lack ofsulphur causes decreased nitrogen utilization and yield by cereals as winter wheat, moreover, results less favourable baking parameters.We have examined the N and S content of different parts of winter wheat plants in a small plot experiment at the University of Debrecen, Centre of Agricultural Sciences, Látókép Experimental Station. We have also studied the effect of different sulphur fertilization forms and doses on the baking quality parameters and yield. Our aim was to contribute to the development of yield and quality improving sulphur fertilization methods, adaptable by practice.We have measured the lowest yield in the case of one of the control plots, and 100 kg/ha nitrogen, 80 kg/ha potassium and 70 kg/ha phosphorus nutrient supply resulted the lowest yield (8.7 kg/plot). The maximum yield, 10.2 kg/plot was also experienced on superphosphate fertilized plot by the application of 140 kg/ha phosphorus dose. Application the first dose of both Biofert and FitoHorm 32 S leaf fertilizers raised the yield from9.1 to 9.9 kg/plot. ANOVA proved that Biofert and FitoHorm 32 S had no significant effect on the amount of yield, the increase is only a tendency.

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Potassium Application Positively Modulates Physiological Responses of Cocoa Seedlings to Drought Stress

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030563 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 563

Author(s):

Esther Anokye ◽

Samuel T. Lowor ◽

Jerome A. Dogbatse ◽

Francis K. Padi

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Soil Water ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Seedling Survival ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Biomass Partitioning ◽

Chlorophyll Content And Fluorescence ◽

Physiological Functions ◽

Soil Water Stress

With increasing frequency and intensity of dry spells in the cocoa production zones of West Africa, strategies for mitigating impact of water stress on cocoa seedling survival are urgently required. We investigated the effects of applied potassium on biomass accumulation, physiological processes and survival of cocoa varieties subjected to water stress in pot experiments in a gauzehouse facility. Four levels of potassium (0, 1, 2, or 3 g/plant as muriate of potash) were used. Soil water stress reduced plant biomass accumulation (shoot and roots), relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content and fluorescence. Leaf phenol and proline contents were increased under water stress. Additionally, compared to the well-watered conditions, soils under water stress treatments had higher contents of exchangeable potassium and available phosphorus at the end of the experimental period. Potassium applied under well-watered conditions reduced leaf chlorophyll content and fluorescence and increased leaf electrolyte leakage, but improved the growth and integrity of physiological functions under soil water stress. Potassium addition increased biomass partitioning to roots, improved RWC and leaf membrane stability, and significantly improved cocoa seedling survival under water stress. Under water stress, the variety with the highest seedling mortality accumulated the highest contents of phenol and proline. A significant effect of variety on plant physiological functions was observed. Generally, varieties with PA 7 parentage had higher biomass partitioning to roots and better seedling survival under soil moisture stress. Proportion of biomass partitioned to roots, RWC, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf electrolyte leakage appear to be the most reliable indicators of cocoa seedling tolerance to drought.

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Nutritional imbalance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown at soil water stress

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum ◽

10.1007/s11738-998-0063-8 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 307-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. Yasin Ashraf ◽

S. A. Ala ◽

A. Saeed Bhatti

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Water Stress ◽

Soil Water ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Soil Water Stress ◽

Nutritional Imbalance

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A new method of applying a controlled soil water stress, and its effect on the growth of cotton and soybean seedlings at ambient and elevated carbon dioxide

Environmental and Experimental Botany ◽

10.1016/j.envexpbot.2011.11.015 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 77 ◽

pp. 165-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

James A. Bunce ◽

Muhtor Nasyrov

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Water Stress ◽

Soil Water ◽

Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽

New Method ◽

Soybean Seedlings ◽

Soil Water Stress

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European survey shows poor association between soil organic matter and crop yields

Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems ◽

10.1007/s10705-020-10098-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 118 (3) ◽

pp. 325-334

Author(s):

Wytse J. Vonk ◽

Martin K. van Ittersum ◽

Pytrik Reidsma ◽

Laura Zavattaro ◽

Luca Bechini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Carbon Sink ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Farm Survey

AbstractA number of policies proposed to increase soil organic matter (SOM) content in agricultural land as a carbon sink and to enhance soil fertility. Relations between SOM content and crop yields however remain uncertain. In a recent farm survey across six European countries, farmers reported both their crop yields and their SOM content. For four widely grown crops (wheat, grain maize, sugar beet and potato), correlations were explored between reported crop yields and SOM content (N = 1264). To explain observed variability, climate, soil texture, slope, tillage intensity, fertilisation and irrigation were added as co-variables in a linear regression model. No consistent correlations were observed for any of the crop types. For wheat, a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between SOM and crop yields in the Continental climate, with yields being on average 263 ± 4 (95% CI) kg ha−1 higher on soils with one percentage point more SOM. In the Atlantic climate, a significant negative correlation was observed for wheat, with yields being on average 75 ± 2 (95%CI) kg ha−1 lower on soils with one percentage point more SOM (p < 0.05). For sugar beet, a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between SOM and crop yields was suggested for all climate zones, but this depended on a number of relatively low yield observations. For potatoes and maize, no significant correlations were observed between SOM content and crop yields. These findings indicate the need for a diversified strategy across soil types, crops and climates when seeking farmers’ support to increase SOM.

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