A Comparison of Various Growth Parameters of Cell Suspension Cultures to Determine Phytotoxicity of Xenobiotics

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Davis ◽  
Rosa L. Stolzenberg ◽  
Joan A. Dusky
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cell Volumes

An assessment was made of various parameters to measure growth of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Wilkin’] and einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) cell suspension cultures to establish convenient methods of screening the effects of chemicals. Methods assessed were settled cell volumes, packed cell volumes, absorbance at 525 nm of sonicated aliquots, dry weights (of aliquots or entire flask contents), and electrical conductivity and pH of the culture medium. Settled cell volumes, conductivity, and dry-weight changes were the most useful of the methods tested for determining the phytotoxicity of a nonionic linear alcohol ethylene oxide detergent (an adduct of 1-dodecanol containing eight ethylene oxide units) and the methyl ester of diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid}. Because 3 to 4 weeks were required to assess whether the cultures could grow out of the initial inhibition by the detergent or herbicide, none of the methods was rapid. Advantages and disadvantages of the various methods and their relative values for screening compounds are described.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Sitokinin Eksogen dan Sukrosa terhadap Produksi Biomassa dan Alkaloid Canthinone di dalam Kultur Suspensi Sel Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Luthfi Aziz Mahmud Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia Jack

The effect of addition cytokinins and modification of sucrose concentration on growth and alkaloid canthinoneproduction in cell suspension cultures of Eurycoma longifilia Jack were studied. The additions of cytokines, BAand kinetin, show effect on the production of biomass and alkaloid in cell suspension of E. longifilia Jack. Theoptimum totals of two-alkaloids were obtained on addition 4.44 μM BAP and without kinetin, respectively. Theaddition of 4.44 μM BA (6-benzyladenine) into TAM medium stimulated increased total of 9-hydroxycanthine-6-one,but decreased total of 9-methoxycanthin-6-one. While the addition of 2.32 - 9.29 μM kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine)into TAM medium decreased total of two alkaloids (from 0.582 mg to 0.461 - 0.257 mg per 25 ml medium). Whensucrose concentration in TAM medium was increased from 3% to 5%, production of biomass would increase from0.374 g to 0.585 g dry weight per 25 ml medium. While total of two-alkaloids increase from 0.328 mg to 0.441 mgper 25 ml medium when concentration of sucrose in TAM medium was increased from 3% to 4% sucrose.

scholarly journals Demonstration of lactase activity in culture medium of melon cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 132-135
Author(s):  
J. Stano ◽  
K. Mičieta ◽  
E. Tokhtaeva ◽  
M. Valšíková ◽  
M. Koreňová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Lactase Activity ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Intracellular Activities

Lactase activity was detected in a culture medium of the cell suspension culture of watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris L.). A simple, rapid and reproducible procedure for identification of extracellular lactase is described using callus cultures of seedlings from the tested plant, hairy roots of 2.5 days old seedlings of watermelon germinating on agar plates as well as cell suspension cultures derived from callus cultures. For the determination of intracellular activities of lactase, 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-β-D-galactopyranoside and p-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside were used as synthetic substrates. The extracellular lactase activity was determined by evaluating the day-zone in agar medium. The enzyme from watermelon callus cultures and seedling roots, cultivated on agar plates supplemented with 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-2-bromo-β-D-galactopyranoside, hydrolyzed this substrate releasing 6-bromo-naphthyl. By simultaneous coupling with hexazonium p-rosaniline or Fast Blue BB the corresponding azo dye was formed. The parallel extracellular and intracellular activities were determined in cell suspension cultures derived from callus cultures. The results show a 43.8% intracellular and 54.2% extracellular distribution of lactase activity. The described agar plate method enables a rapid, simple and specific detection of plant processes of extracellular lactase.  

scholarly journals Dicentrine Production in Callus and Cell Suspension Cultures of Stephania Venosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tharita Kitisripanya ◽  
Jukrapun Komaikul ◽  
Nirachara Tawinkan ◽  
Chuennapha Atsawinkowit ◽  
Waraporn Putalun
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Stem Segments

The highest dicentrine content (19.5 ± 0.3 mg/g dry weight) from callus culture of Stephania venosa was achieved from stem segments cultured on MS medium supplemented with TDZ 0.5 mg/L and NAA 1.0 mg/L. Cell suspension cultures were established from callus cultured on MS liquid medium with the same plant growth regulators. Dicentrine production from S. venosa cell suspension cultures was obtained in the range of 15–26 mg/g dry weight. Elicitation in cell suspension cultures by chitosan (50 mg/L) and salicylic acid (2 mg/L) for 6 days significantly increased dicentrine content. Our findings indicate that callus and cell suspension cultures of S. venosa can produce high levels of dicentrine as an alternative source of plant materials.

Abscisic acid (ABA) treatment increases artemisinin content in Artemisia annua by enhancing the expression of genes in artemisinin biosynthetic pathway

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuyuan Jing ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Meiya Li ◽  
Yueli Tang ◽  
Yuliang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Artemisinin Content

AbstractArtemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide derived from Artemisia annua L., is the most effective antimalarial drug. In an effort to increase the artemisinin production, abscisic acid (ABA) with different concentrations (1, 10 and 100 µM) was tested by treating A. annua plants. As a result, the artemisinin content in ABA-treated plants was significantly increased. Especially, artemisinin content in plants treated by 10 µM ABA was 65% higher than that in the control plants, up to an average of 1.84% dry weight. Gene expression analysis showed that in both the ABA-treated plants and cell suspension cultures, HMGR, FPS, CYP71AV1 and CPR, the important genes in the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway, were significantly induced. While only a slight increase of ADS expression was observed in ABA-treated plants, no expression of ADS was detected in cell suspension cultures. This study suggests that there is probably a crosstalk between the ABA signaling pathway and artemisinin biosynthetic pathway and that CYP71AV1, which was induced most significantly, may play a key regulatory role in the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway.

Changes in culture medium pH by cell suspension cultures of Dioscorea deltoidea

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Butenko ◽  
A.Kh. Lipsky ◽  
N.D. Chernyak ◽  
H.C. Arya
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Dioscorea Deltoidea

Elicitation of ß-l,3-Glucanase and Chitinase Activities in Cell Suspension Cultures of Ascochyta rabiei Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars of Chickpea ( Cicer avietinum)

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Vogelsang ◽  
Wolfgang Barz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Incompatible Interaction

Abstract β-1,3-Glucanase and chitinase activities have been analyzed in cell suspension cultures of an A scochyta rabiei resistant ILC 3279 and a susceptible ILC 1929 cultivar of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) following treatment with an elicitor derived from this fungal pathogen. A facile method to determine both hydrolase activities in the cell culture medium was established. Significantly higher constitutive and elicitor-induced levels of both hydrolase activities were found in the medium of the ILC 3279 cell culture. The release of these enzyme activities is not due to cell lysis, but rather the consequence of a secretion mechanism. The cells of the resistant line contained a 5 times higher level of chitinase activity in comparison to the ILC 1929 cell culture, whereas the latter cells possessed a 3 times higher β -1,3-glucanase activity. The results are interpreted that accumulation of extracellular hydrolase activities may play an important role among the various plant defense mechanisms previously determined for the incompatible interaction between the resistant cultivar and its fungal pathogen.

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