Transepidermal Water Loss Value Comparison Between Tengkawang and Durian Seed Oil Lotion

Body epidermis has an important health function to prevent body dehydration. This research aims to compare Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) values between durian seed oil and tengkawang oil. Skin that had been applied with tengkawang oil and durian seed oil lotion were tested for irritation and TEWL values. The tengkawang oil had an acid number of 17 g/mol and contained 8.54 % free fatty acid, while the durian seed oil had an acid number of 6.34 g/mol and contained 2.89 % free fatty acid. Irritation testing was done using lotion containing 100 % of each oil. TEWL analysis on skin applied with the tengkawang oil lotion after 1 hour showed that the lotion could reduce epidermal water evaporation by 35.23 % compared to the skin condition before treatment. Epidermal water evaporation reduction at the second, third and fourth hours after the tengkawang oil lotion application was 31.33 %, 33.93 % and 27.9 %, respectively. TEWL analysis on skin applied with the durian seed oil lotion after 1 hour showed that the lotion could reduce epidermal water evaporation by 11.34 % compared to the skin condition before treatment. Epidermal water evaporation was reduced 14.64 %, 10.53 % and 2.99 % at the second, third and fourth hours after application of the durian seed oil. Based on these results, it can be concluded that tengkawang oil gives better TEWL values compared to durian seed oil.

The Productivity of Duck in Different Temperature Cage Management

This study aims to determine the performance of ducks on the effect of differences in cage temperature. This study used 54 5-week-old male ducks selected from 66 ducks. The research method used was randomized block design (RBD). The treatment used is the regulation of the temperature of the cage which is divided into three temperature levels, namely: A (cold temperature), B (room temperature), and C (hot temperature). The observed variables were duck performance in the form of feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion. The results of this study indicate that the difference in temperature of the cage became a very significant (P<0.01) on the consumption of rations, weight gain and conversion. The results of the study concluded that the maintenance of ducks at three different cage temperatures had a very significant (P<0.01) on feed consumption and body weight gain, but had no effect on feed conversion. The best results were found in the temperature of the cold cage with the consumption of rations of 2964.33 g/head, which resulted in body weight of 711.83 g/head of g/head, and conversion of 4.2. While the body weight of 1437 percentage of carcass was 67.64% in the study. The highest yield IOFC results (income over feed cost) cage in cold temperatures with a profit of Rp. 3,375.15/head. The maintenance of ducks at three different cage temperatures had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the weight of the spleen, thyroid and kidney and the work of the spleen, thyroid and kidney organs was still normal

Efficacy of Cellulolytic Bacteria Consortium for Composting Oil Palm Empty Bunches Containing Phytonutrients

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are themost solid palm oil waste. OPEFB has often been processed into compost with the addition of certain activators. It is expected that with the addition of a consortium bioactivator composting of OPEFB can be faster and the compost produced has good nutrient content. The study aims was to determine the ability of bioactivator bacteria of cellulolytic consortium in degrading TKKS of incubation laboratory scale for 30 days. A consortium of compost bioactivator used were Bacillus sp. S43, Bacillus cereus strains of IARI-MB-6, Bacillus cereus strains TS11, Alcaligenes faecalis strains ZJUTBX11, Bacillus sp. 13847, Stenotrophomonas sp. S169-III-5, Alcaligenes faecalis strains KH-48 and Bacillus cereus strain Y22 by a comparison of 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1. The results showed that bioactivator consortium was able to degrade OPEFB which on P4 (OPEFB + chicken manure + consortium isolate) reduced organic C from 50.1 to 34.5, increased total nitrogen from 0.73 to 1.35 and reduced the C/N ratio from 37.11 to 25.56 and produced compost phytonutrients and not phytotoxicity.

Isolation, Characterization and Antibacterial Activities of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Batak's Special Food "Dali Ni Horbo”

Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are gram-positive bacteria that are rod or round in shape, do not form spores, and do not have cytochromes. LAB can be isolated from fermented food products. LAB is useful to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria so that they are potential antibacterial sources. The purpose of this study was to isolate LAB from the traditional food Dali Ni Horbo, continued with characterization, antimicrobial testing, and sensitivity testing towards several antibiotics. From the results of the study, the number of colonies obtained was 2.4 x 107 CFU/mL. 6 isolates were randomly selected, coded as isolates UPDH1, UPDH2, UPDH3, UPDH4, UPDH5, UPDH6, respectively. Biochemical characterization showed that the isolates were gram-positive and catalase-negative bacteria. Results of antibiotic sensitivity testing using 6 antibiotics, namely amoxicillin (AML), erythromycin (E), oxacillin (OX), ofloxacin (OFX), cefotaxime (CTX), and gentamicin (CN), showed that all the isolates were resistant to CTX. The UPDH1 isolate was resistant to AML and OX. The UPDH3, UPDH5, and UPDH6 isolates were resistant to AML, and the UPDH4 isolate was resistant to E, OFX, CTX, CN, and OX. Antimicrobial tests used the disk diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The UPDH2 isolate, gave an inhibition zone of 6.7 mm, and UPDH5 and UPDH6 gave inhibition zones of 7.6 mm and 8.5 mm respectively, against E. coli. Microbial inhibition tests against S. aureus by UPDH1, UPDH2, UPDH5 and UPDH6 gave inhibition zones of 13.5 mm, 9.0 mm, 12.1 mm and 12 mm respectively. From the results in this research it can be concluded that the traditional food Dali Ni Horbo is a potential source of probiotics.

Fractionation of Garcinia Mangostana Fruit Pericarp Cellulase Assisted Extracts by Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography and High Performance Liquid Chromatography

The polar extract of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) fruit pericarp obtained by cellulase assisted ethanol extraction has strong antioxidant activity, giving an average 2,2 diphenyl-1 pykrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging IC50 of 13.9 µg/mL. In order to elucidate the chemical component from this extract that is responsible for the high antioxidant activity, fractionation of the extract should firstly be performed. In this paper we show results of preparative fractionation of the polar extract by two methods, namely preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (PTLC) and preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography (PHPLC). PTLC used Silica Gel G60 plates, with a hexane:ethyl acetate (6:4) eluent. PHPLC was a reverse phase method, using C18 column and water:acetonitrile gradient elution. 4 fractions from PTLC and 6 fractions from PHPLC were collected and their antioxidant activity analyzed. Both methods gave separated fractions with lower antioxidant activity than the unfractionated original crude extracts, showing that the strong antioxidant activity of Mangosteen pericarp polar extracts maybe due to the concerted synergetic effect of several compounds, rather than a single isolated compound. It also shows the high degree of difficulty in separating mangosteen pericarp polar components having antioxidant activity for further structural analysis.

Analysis of Infusion and Ethanol Extract of Tamarindus indica L, Scurrula Sp, Mimosa pudica D of Fresh and Dry as Amylase Enzyme Inhibitor

α-amilase is one of digestive enzyme that hydrolize starch to maltose by α-glukosidase and degradation to form a glucose and continue with blood adsorption through villi of small intestine. Consomption of acarbose drug is one of ways for diabetic treatment to inhibit the activity of α-amilase. Tamarind leaves (Tamarindus indica L) herbal benalu api (Scurrula Sp) and herbal putri malu (Mimosa pudica D) regularly used as medical plant with activity of antidiabetic medicine. The aims of this studies was to analyze the potency of three medical plant with form of infusa and ethanol extract from fresh or dried plant to inhibit activity of α-amilase and akarbose used as positive control. Inhibition potency of sample against activity of α-amilase were determine base on maltose produced by of starch hydrolysis α-amilase to reduction dinitrosalicylic acid become 3-amino-5-nitrosalicylic acid and the absorbance were measured with spektrofotometer at 530 nm. Resulted of percentage inhibition against activity of α-amilase were herbal infusa from dried benalu api 85.58 ± 2,93%, infusa of fresh putri malu 87.40 ± 1,81%, and the dried 98,85 ± 0,66%. These results did not significancy different with inhibition of akarbose 93.89 + 0,02%. Infusa herbal of dried benalu api, fresh and dried putri malu were potential cover for acarbose to used as alternative medicine.

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Plectaranthus amboinicus Leaf Extract

Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) is a perennial plant belonging to the family of Lamiaceae which have been widely used in traditional herbal medicine. In the present study, the extracts of the leaves of P. amboinicus that was extracted by different solvents were evaluated for their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The fresh leaves of the plant were extracted using subsequent methanol, n-hexane and dichloromethane. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging assay and the antimicrobial activity was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by agar well diffusion assay. The results of antioxidant activity test showed that dichloromethane extract of the leaves had the highest antioxidant activity among all with IC50 value of 50.2 μg/mL Methanol and n-hexane extracts were still active in DPPH with IC50 value of 71.3 μg/mL and 205.9 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the dichloromethane and methanol ektracts have shown a promising antibacterial activity in E. coli. The findings indicated that dichloromethane and methanol extracts of the leaves of P. amboinicus were potential further study as herbal medicine as they showed high antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

Sugarcane-Bagasse Trichokompos Optimalization using Trichoderma sp. (LBKURCC1 and LBKURCC2) and Pseudomonas szutzeri (LBKURCC54 dan LBKURCC59)

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is a plant that is widely used as raw material for making sugar and can be enjoyed directly by extracting the juice. While the pulp has not been utilized and is often disposed of as waste. This study aims to make compost using Trichoderma (LBKURCC1 and LBKURCC2) and Pseudomonas (LBKURCC54 and LBKURCC59) as bioactivators. The composting process is done by mixing bagasse and chicken manure with a ratio of 2: 1 and adding isolate fungus Trichoderma sp. and Pseudomonas stutzeri bacteria as activator with several combinations on compost media with 5 treatment. Compost treatment includes P0 (control), P1 (J1_J2_B1), P2 (J1_J2_B2), P3 (J1_B1_B2), P4 (J2_B1_B2) and P5 (J1_J2_B1), P3 (J1_J2_B1_B2). The process of composting bagasse is done in a poly bag. Analyzed of compost quality was determined based on parameters of temperature, water content and the levels of C/N ratio observed for 18 days. In this study, the use of Trichoderma (LBKURCC1 and LBKURCC2) and Pseudomonas (LBKURCC54 and LBKURCC59) as bioactivators in a mixture of compost material gave a significant difference to control at the C/N ratio with a value of P> 0.05. The highest C/N ratio is from P5 (28.43) and the lowest is from P2 (5.17).

Synthesis, Test of Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities Flavonol 2- (3,4,5-Dimethoxyphenyli) -3-Hydroxy-4H-Chromen-4-On

Flavonols 2-(3,4,5-dimethoxyphenyli)-3-hydroxy-4h-chromen-4-on) derivatives of 2'-hydroxycalone have been synthesized under basic condition (KOH). The structures of all compounds were characterized based on the interpretation of spectroscopic data including UV, FTIR, NMR and HRMS. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH assay and anticancer activity was evaluated using the MTS assay which showed that the flavonol 2'-hydroxycalone derivative was potentially active as antioxidants and anticancer with IC50 values <1000 µg / mL.

Antioxydant Extract of Endophytic Fungi Fusarium oxysporum LBKURCC41

Fusarium oxysporum LBKURCC41 is one of endophyte fungi which is able to produce secondary metabolites. The purpose of this research was to discover an antioxidant agent from F. oxysporum LBKURCC41extract that was fermented in Huang medium for 15 d with of corn and potato with particle size of 80 mesh as carbon sources. The ethyl acetate extract from the cultured medium showed four dominant component with retentiont time of 3.24, 3.44, 17.02 and 18.889 min. The F. oxysporum LBKURCC41 extract containing compounds with functional group O-H, C-H and C-O, and it had a IC50 value of 435,157±12,009a.