scholarly journals A longitudinal study of risk factors for shedding of VTEC O157 by young cattle in herds with knownE. coliO157 carriage

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (9) ◽  
pp. 1818-1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. SMITH ◽  
W. J. POLLITT ◽  
G. A. PAIBA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Beef Suckler

SUMMARYA longitudinal study in England and Wales of two dairy, five beef-fattener and three beef-suckler herds was carried out to identify risk factors for young cattle excreting verocytotoxin-producingEscherichia coliO157 (VTEC O157). A total of 1383 cattle, selected into cohorts at 0–24 months were sampled between March 2000 and February 2001. Mixed-effects logistic regression was employed to identify significant associations between VTEC O157 isolation from rectal faecal samples and explanatory factors (P< 0·001 unless shown). The results revealed a positive association with feeding root crops and a negative association with animals fed silage, milk (P= 0·001) or grain (P= 0·027). Cattle in suckler herds (P= 0·001) and those changing group between sampling visits were identified as negatively associated with VTEC O157 presence. The recovery of VTEC O157 varied throughout the year. However, the winter period from December to February was a risk factor in the multivariable analysis. Cattle in pens were 4·7 times more likely to shed VTEC O157 than those group-housed or at pasture. VTEC O157 detected in pooled environmental faecal pats and biofilm of the water supply within a group's enclosure were positively associated with an animal's VTEC O157 status in the multivariable logistic regression, as was detection of VTEC O157 in the pooled faecal pats at the previous visit.

Longitudinal study of Salmonella shedding in naturally infected finishing pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (9) ◽  
pp. 1928-1936 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. A. PIRES ◽  
J. A. FUNK ◽  
C. A. BOLIN
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Production System ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Research Study Design ◽  
Over Time

SUMMARYA 3-year longitudinal study was conducted on a multi-site farrow-to-finish production system. For each of 18 cohorts at three finishing sites, 50 pigs were randomly selected. Faecal samples were collected every 2 weeks for 16 weeks. Salmonella was cultured from 453 (6·6%) of 6836 faecal samples. The pig-level incidence of Salmonella was 20·8% (187/899 pigs). Salmonella prevalence varied between cohorts and within pigs. The adjusted Salmonella prevalence decreased over the finishing period from 6·4% to 0·8%. Intermittent detection of Salmonella was found in more than 50% of pigs that were positive at more than one collection. The finding that the majority of pigs shed intermittently has implications for surveillance and research study design when determining Salmonella status. The variability in shedding over time, as well as between and within cohorts and pigs suggests that there may be time-variant risk factors for Salmonella shedding in swine.

scholarly journals 237 Systematic Review of Fibrinogen and Risk of Recurrent Stroke and Vascular Events after Ischaemic Stroke or Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii1-iii16
Author(s):  
John J McCabe ◽  
Eimear O'Reilly ◽  
Sarah Coveney ◽  
Ronan Collins ◽  
Simon Cronin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Transient Ischaemic Attack ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Recurrent Stroke ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Ischaemic Attack

Abstract Background Inflammation is thought to play an important role in atherosclerotic stroke mechanisms. There is growing interest in the prognostic role of inflammatory biomarkers as risk factors for recurrent vascular events, after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). Elevated fibrinogen levels are independently-associated with the risk of first-ever stroke. However, the prognostic value of fibrinogen, after ischaemic cerebrovascular events is uncertain. Methods We searched EMBASE and Ovid Medline, from 1970-January 2019, for any study that measured Fibrinogen after stroke or TIA, and related it to the risk of recurrent stroke or recurrent vascular events. All records were assessed by 2 independent reviewers. Any disagreements between authors regarding eligibility were resolved by consensus. Results We identified 2,520 publications, of which, 15 articles from 16 individual studies were eligible (11 observational cohorts, 3 cohort studies within randomized control trials, 2 case-control studies). The sample size for recurrent stroke and recurrent vascular events was 9,963 and 7,381 patients, in 11 and 10 studies, respectively. The time from event to phlebotomy was <7 days in 5, 7-90 days in 6, and >90 days in 5 studies, respectively. There was marked heterogeneity in statistical methodologies employed to examine the relationship between fibrinogen and outcomes, which did not allow valid meta-analysis (above/below specified threshold (n=4), differences in means/medians (n=5), risk per unit increase (n=1), per standard deviation (n=3), per quartile (n=1), per decile (n=1) or not specified (n=1)). 4 studies adjusted for all conventional vascular risk factors (age, smoking, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia/statin use, and hypertension). 2 of 11 studies found a positive association with recurrent stroke. 5 of 10 studies found a positive association with recurrent vascular events. Conclusion The prognostic value of Fibrinogen after stroke or TIA remains unclear. Standardised methods and fully-adjusted multivariable analysis are needed in future prognostic studies.

scholarly journals Colonization and risk factors for Brachyspira aalborgi and Brachyspira pilosicoli in humans and dogs on tea estates in Assam, India

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. MUNSHI ◽  
R. J. TRAUB ◽  
I. D. ROBERTSON ◽  
A. S. J. MIKOSZA ◽  
D. J. HAMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Brachyspira Pilosicoli ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Nineteen 6 ◽  
Brachyspira Aalborgi ◽  
Significant Factors

The prevalence of colonization with the anaerobic intestinal spirochaetes Brachyspira aalborgi and Brachyspira pilosicoli was investigated in humans (n=316) and dogs (n=101) living on three tea estates in Assam, India. Colonization was detected using PCR on DNA from faeces. Nineteen (6%) human faecal samples contained B. aalborgi DNA, 80 (25·3%) contained B. pilosicoli DNA, and 10 (3·2%) contained DNA from both species. One canine sample contained DNA from B. pilosicoli. Significant factors for B. aalborgi colonization in logistic regression were: infection of family members with B. aalborgi (P<0·001), being a resident of Balipara (P=0·03), and use of water treatment (P=0·03). For B. pilosicoli, significant factors were: other family members being positive for B. pilosicoli (P<0·001), water obtained from a well (P=0·006), water treatment (P=0·03), and not having visited a doctor in the previous 12 months (P=0·03).

scholarly journals Fatores de Risco Associados à Recusa de Notas de Transferência e Vales Cirurgia: O Caso da Região Centro em Portugal

2022 ◽  
Vol 35 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salomé Cruz ◽  
Carlota Quintal ◽  
Patrícia Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
General Surgery ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Third

Introduction: In Portugal, the rate of refusals regarding transfer between hospitals through surgery vouchers is high, which makes it difficult to meet maximum waiting times for elective surgeries. The objectives of this study are to examine how many vouchers were issued and refused between the third quarter of 2016 and the fourth quarter of 2019 and the risk factors associated with their refusal, in Central PortugalMaterial and Methods: Data was obtained in the database of cancelled vouchers and the waiting list for surgery on the 31st December 2019. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate risk factors.Results: The number of issued vouchers increased after 2018 and the rate of refusals has been above 55% since the 3rd quarter of 2018. Refusal was more likely for individuals aged 55 years or above (OR = 1.136; CI = 1.041 – 1.240; OR = 1.095; CI = 1.005 – 1.194; OR = 1.098; CI = 1.002 – 1.203, for the age bands 55 - 64, 65 - 74 and 75 - 84, respectively), for inpatient surgery when compared to ambulatory (OR = 2.498; CI = 2.343 – 2.663) and for Orthopaedics when compared to General Surgery (OR = 1.123; CI = 1.037 – 1.217). The odds of refusal also varied across hospitals (for example OR = 3.853; CI = 3.610 – 4.113; OR = 3.600; CI = 3.171 – 4.087; OR = 2.751; CI =3.383 – 3.175 e OR = 1.337; CI = 1.092 – 1.637, for hospitals identified as HO_2, HO_7, HO_4 and HO_6, respectively).Conclusion: In this study, we have confirmed that the number of issued surgery vouchers increased after the administrative reduction of maximum waiting times in 2018 and that the rate of transfer refusals has been increasing since 2016 and has remained above 55% from the third trimester of 2018 onwards. Some of the factors for which we obtained a positive association with refusal are age, inpatient surgery (compared to ambulatory) and Orthopaedics (compared to General Surgery).

scholarly journals Risk Factors for In-Hospital Mortality from COVID-19 Among Nursing Home Patients—An Urban Center Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. s48-s48
Author(s):  
Amit Vahia ◽  
Mamta Sharma ◽  
Leonard Johnson ◽  
Ashish Bhargava ◽  
Louis Saravolatz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Robust Immune Response ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Nursing Home Patients

Background: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, special attention is focused on high-risk patients. In this study, we assessed the risk factors for COVID-19 mortality in nursing home patients. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed the electronic medical records of SARS-COV-2 PCR–positive nursing-home patients between March 8 and June 14, 2020. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Risk factors were compared between those who were discharged or died using the Student t test, the Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 analysis, and logistic regression. Results: Among 169 hospitalized nursing-home patients, the case fatality rate was 43.2%. The mean age was 72.3 ± 13.8 years; 92 patients (54.4%) were male; and 112 patients (66.3%) were black. Within the first day of hospitalization, 83 (49%) patients developed fever. On admission, 24 (14.2%) patients were hypotensive. Leukopenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia were present in 20 (12%), 91 (53%), and 40 (23.7%) patients, respectively. Among the inflammatory markers, elevations in CRP and ferritin levels occurred in 79% and 24%, respectively. Intensive care admission was needed for 40 patients (23.7%). Septic shock occurred in 25 patients (14.8%). Patients over the age of 70 were more likely to die than younger patients (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2– 4.1; P = .20). Patients with a fever on admission were more likely to die than those who were afebrile (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.08–3.8; P = .03). Also, 66.7% hypotensive patients died compared to 39.3% normotensive patients (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.2–7.7 P = .01). Intubated patients died more often than those not intubated, 78.4% versus 33.3%, respectively (OR=7.3, p < 0.001, CI 3.1, 17.2) Factors significantly associated with death included higher mean qSofa (p < 0.001), higher median Charlson scores (0.02), thrombocytopenia (p = 0.04) and lymphocytopenia (0.04). From multivariable logistic regression, independent factors associated with death were Charlson score (OR=1.2, p=0.05), qSofa (OR=2.0, p=0.004), thrombocytopenia (OR = 3.0, p = 0.01) and BMI less than 25 (OR = 3.5, p=0.002). Conclusions: Our multivariable analysis revealed that patients with a greater burden of comorbidities, lower BMI, higher qSOFA sepsis score, and thrombocytopenia had a higher risk of death, perhaps because of severe infection despite a robust immune response.Funding: NoDisclosures: None

Religiousness and Survival in the Swiss Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study on the Oldest Old

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Spini ◽  
S. Pin ◽  
J.C. Lalive d'Epinay
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Church Attendance ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
First Time

Survival in old age has been shown to be positively related to religiousness, and in particular to to church attendance. This research provides new confirmation of this relationship under the Swiss Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study on the Oldest Old (N = 340 at baseline), a study following subjects aged 80 to 84 at baseline since 1994. Results of logistic regression analyses indicate that participation in church services or a composite measure of religiousness comprising participation in services and the frequency of prayer is positively related to survival in a time interval of 12 to 18 months, controlling for other possible explanatory factors such as functional health or depressive symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first time that this effect has been demonstrated in a population of old old subjects and in a Latin country of Europe where the number of Catholic subjects is high.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Approaches for Predicting Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis in Women with Osteoporosis Using VEGFA Gene Polymorphisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Jin-Woo Kim ◽  
Jeong Yee ◽  
Sang-Hyeon Oh ◽  
Sun-Hyun Kim ◽  
Sun-Jong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Wild Type

Objective: This nested case–control study aimed to investigate the effects of VEGFA polymorphisms on the development of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) in women with osteoporosis. Methods: Eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the VEGFA were assessed in a total of 125 patients. Logistic regression was performed for multivariable analysis. Machine learning algorithms, namely, fivefold cross-validated multivariate logistic regression, elastic net, random forest, and support vector machine, were developed to predict risk factors for BRONJ occurrence. Area under the receiver-operating curve (AUROC) analysis was conducted to assess clinical performance. Results: The VEGFA rs881858 was significantly associated with BRONJ development. The odds of BRONJ development were 6.45 times (95% CI, 1.69–24.65) higher among carriers of the wild-type rs881858 allele compared with variant homozygote carriers after adjusting for covariates. Additionally, variant homozygote (GG) carriers of rs10434 had higher odds than those with wild-type allele (OR, 3.16). Age ≥ 65 years (OR, 16.05) and bisphosphonate exposure ≥ 36 months (OR, 3.67) were also significant risk factors for BRONJ occurrence. AUROC values were higher than 0.78 for all machine learning methods employed in this study. Conclusion: Our study showed that the BRONJ occurrence was associated with VEGFA polymorphisms in osteoporotic women.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of canine Leishmania infantum infection in selected towns of Southwest and West Shewa Zones of Oromia, Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin ◽  
Weraka Weya ◽  
Chala Dima ◽  
Demeke Zewde ◽  
Vincenzo Di Marco Lo Presti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Canine Leishmania infantum infection is a major vector-borne zoonosis. Most cases of canine leishmanias are caused by Leishmania infantum, but other species can also be found. In the Old and New Worlds, leishmaniasis is spread by the bite of phlebotomine female sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia respectively. The objectives of the study were to estimate the seroprevalence and associated risk factors in Weliso, Ambo, and Ejaji towns of South-West and West Shewa Zones, Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to September 2020. The study population consists of dogs found in the study towns. The study subjects include 368 dogs selected by using a simple random sampling method. A blood sample (5 ml) was collected to test for the presence of rK39 antigen inducing specific antibodies using an Indirect ELISA kit. All the data were analyzed using the STATA version 14 software program. Pearson’s Chi-square and logistic regression tests were used to evaluate the association between the seropositivity of canine Leishmania infantums and hypothesized risk factors. Results An overall canine Leishmania infantum seroprevalence of 84.24% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 80 - 88%) was obtained. In Weliso, Ambo, and Ejaji towns canine Leishmania infantum seroprevalence of 79.82% (95% CI: 71- 87%), 76.11% (95% CI: 67- 84%), and 93.84% (95% CI:89 – 97%) were found respectively. Univariable logistic regression analysis showed that town (P=0.001), season (P=0.001), mixed living environment (P=0.003), and Kebele (P<0.05) were significantly associated with Leishmania infantum seropositivity. However, the multivariable analysis indicated that wet season (P = 0.001) and a mixed living environment (P = 0.025) were independent predictors of canine Leishmania infantum seropositivity. Conclusion The seroprevalence of canine Leishmania infantum in dogs was very high. Wet season and mixed living environment are predictors of seropositivity. The high percentage of seropositive dogs indicates the potential role of dogs to maintain the infection and the possible spread of L. infantum infection to humans. Therefore, improvement of the living environment and health care facilities of domesticated dogs, community awareness and health education, and further epidemiological studies are suggested.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Incidence, and Associated Factors of Possible Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi Chen ◽  
Mandy Ho ◽  
Pui Hing Chau
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Older Chinese

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the prevalence, incidence, and associated factors of possible sarcopenia in a nationwide representative sample of the community-dwelling older Chinese population.Methods:This study used the data of participants aged 60 years and over from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Data on participants from three waves (2011–2015) of CHARLS were extracted. Possible sarcopenia was defined as low muscle strength or low physical performance, based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 consensus. We first described baseline prevalence and four-year incidence of possible sarcopenia. Then multiple logistic regression and multivariable parametric proportional hazard model with Weibull distribution were used to examine the association of risk factors with baseline prevalence and four-year incidence of possible sarcopenia, respectively.Results:The prevalence of possible sarcopenia was 46.0%. The four-year incidence of possible sarcopenia was 11.9 per 100 person-years. Multivariable analysis revealed that advanced age and depressive symptoms were associated with increased prevalence of possible sarcopenia, while receiving education and moderate or high physical activity were associated with a lower risk of possible sarcopenia prevalence. For incidence, only advanced age was associated with an increased risk of possible sarcopenia incidence.Conclusion:Our study revealed the substantial burden of possible sarcopenia and related risk factors in community-dwelling settings in China. It highlighted the importance of early detection and intervention in this subclinical group for the prevention of sarcopenia.

scholarly journals FGB -455 G>A and GP IIIa PIA1/A2 polymorphisms in a group of Romanian stroke patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Felicia Maria Petrişor ◽  
Andreea Cătană ◽  
Dragoş Horea Mărginean ◽  
Adrian Pavel Trifa ◽  
Radu Anghel Popp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Variant Allele ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Pcr Rflp

Abstract Introduction: Being a multifactorial disease, stroke is one of a major causes of death and disability worldwide. Several genetic polymorphisms have been associated with stroke etiophatology and FGB −455 G>A and GP IIIa PIA1/A2 are among them. In the present study, we investigated the association between FGB −455 G>A and GP IIIa PIA1A2 polymorphisms and the risk of ischemic stroke in a group of Romanian stroke patients. Subjects and methods: This case-control study included 148 patients with ischemic stroke and 150 healthy age, sex and ethnically matched unrelated controls. FGB −455G>A and GP IIIa PIA1A2 genotyping was carried out using PCR-RFLP. The association of FGB −455G>A and GP IIIa PIA1A2 polymorphisms and cardiovascular risk factors with ischemic stroke was tested using logistic regression analysis. Results: Molecular analysis did not reveal an increased frequency of the FGB -455 G>A variant allele and GP IIIa PIA1/A2 variant allele in the study group compared to the control group (p = 0.140, OR = 0.750, 95% CI = 0.522 - 1.077; p = 0.823, OR = 0.944, 95% CI = 0.558 - 1.599 respectively). Furthermore, after performing logistic regression analysis adjusted for the known risk factors, a positive association with stroke was found in smokers (p = 0.026, OR = 1.800, 95% CI = 1.071 - 3.024) Conclusions: No association was found between FGB −455 G>A and GP IIIa PIA1/A2 polymorphisms and ischemic stroke in the studied population.

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