Association between the Emission Rate and Temperature for Chemical Pollutants in Building Materials: General Correlation and Understanding

2013 ◽  
pp. 130709124156006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianyin Xiong ◽  
Wenjuan Wei ◽  
Shaodan Huang ◽  
Yinping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
General Correlation ◽  
Chemical Pollutants

The Measurement of SVOC Emission Rates from Building Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 369-374
Author(s):  
Hyun Tae Kim ◽  
Tae Woo Kim ◽  
Won Hwa Hong ◽  
Kang Guk Lee ◽  
Kim Kang Min
Keyword(s):  
House Dust ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Residential Homes ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
High Level ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

Recent studies have reported that indoor house dust contains a large volume of SVOC chemical substances such as phthalates. This study measured the SVOC emission rate from various types of building materials and conducted quantitative and qualitative analyses on the emitted substances. DBP and DEHP were detected in all building materials based on the result obtained from measuring the building materials produced in Japan, South Korea, and China. The DBP and DEHP emission rates (95 percentile) from the building materials used for the measurement in this study were 2.56 [μg/m2・h] and 11.63[μg/m2・h] respectively. Larger DBP and DEHP emission rate from building materials are believed to be the reason why a high level of DBP and DEHP is detected in house dust found in residential homes compared to other substances.

Correlation between formaldehyde emission characteristics in enclosed desiccators with five different geometries

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2090891
Author(s):  
Yujin Kang ◽  
Sung-Jun Yoo ◽  
Kazuhide Ito
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Molecular Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Length ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Formaldehyde Emission ◽  
Numerical Analyses ◽  
Diffusion Control ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Formaldehyde Concentration ◽  
Enclosed Chamber

The static headspace method using a small enclosed chamber has been extensively used to estimate the emission characteristics of formaldehyde, e.g., emission rates from building materials. The formation of the transient formaldehyde concentration by emission, diffusion and sorption in a small confined chamber was investigated using three-dimensional modelling and numerical analyses. Here, five types of glass desiccators were adopted as the small chamber for the headspace method. The inner geometries of the desiccator with the emission source (the building material) and sorbent (water in a Petri dish) were precisely modelled. Transient numerical analyses were performed to determine the formaldehyde emission from different building materials of the external (evaporative) diffusion control type, molecular diffusion and sorption on the water in the confined desiccators. In order to clarify the effect of the desiccator inner geometry on the formaldehyde emission characteristics, the equivalent diffusion length ( Ld) concept, which could be identified as the representative one-dimensional diffusion length scale, was proposed. The results of the numerical analyses showed that Ld and the formaldehyde concentration in the sorbent solution over a 24 h numerical experiment were significantly affected by the desiccator geometry. These results confirmed that the calibration of the emission rate with external diffusion control using Ld is appropriate when measuring the formaldehyde emission rate in an enclosed desiccator with different geometries.

Scanning electron microscopy of asbestos-containing material where the asbestos fibers are considered locked in a binder

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
J. R. Millette ◽  
R. S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Asbestos Fibers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Binder Material ◽  
Scanning Electron

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has labeled as “friable” those building materials that are likely to readily release fibers. Friable materials when dry, can easily be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder using hand pressure. Other asbestos containing building materials (ACBM) where the asbestos fibers are in a matrix of cement or bituminous or resinous binders are considered non-friable. However, when subjected to sanding, grinding, cutting or other forms of abrasion, these non-friable materials are to be treated as friable asbestos material. There has been a hypothesis that all raw asbestos fibers are encapsulated in solvents and binders and are not released as individual fibers if the material is cut or abraded. Examination of a number of different types of non-friable materials under the SEM show that after cutting or abrasion, tuffs or bundles of fibers are evident on the surfaces of the materials. When these tuffs or bundles are examined, they are shown to contain asbestos fibers which are free from binder material. These free fibers may be released into the air upon further cutting or abrasion.

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