scholarly journals Physics‐based earthquake simulations in slow‐moving faults:a case study from the Eastern Betic Shear Zone (SE Iberian Peninsula)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Herrero‐Barbero ◽  
José A. Álvarez‐Gómez ◽  
Charles Williams ◽  
Pilar Villamor ◽  
Juan M. Insua‐Arévalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Shear Zone ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
Earthquake Simulations ◽  
Se Iberian Peninsula

Durum wheat and barley yields in antiquity estimated from 13C discrimination of archaeological grains: a case study from the Western Mediterranean Basin

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Romagosa ◽  
G. A. Slafer ◽  
J. L. Araus
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
13C Discrimination ◽  
Western Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Ne Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Se Iberian Peninsula

This study develops a novel approach by which to estimate cereal yields in ancient times based on the 13C discrimination (Δ) of ancient grains. First, a yield model based on Δ in grains from modern durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crops was developed using a wide range of genotypes and Mediterranean environments. For both crops, a strong positive linear regression between yield on a logarithmic basis and the Δ of grains (r2 = 0.72, 506 d.f. for durum wheat and r2 = 0.50, 316 d.f. for barley) was observed; the slope of the relationship was significantly higher for durum wheat than for barley. Initial estimates of yield were subsequently corrected from bibliographical data to take into consideration the two major differences between ancient and modern crops unaccounted for by the Δ of ancient samples: atmospheric CO2 levels and the harvest index ratio. As a case study, this method was used to obtain estimates of ancient yields of durum wheat and barley in two areas of the Western Mediterranean Basin (NE and SE Iberian Peninsula) using Δ data of grain samples from a number of archaeological sites. These sites dated from the beginning of agriculture in these areas (Neolithic Age, ca 7500 years before present (BP)) to the Middle Ages (ca 800 years BP). Our results show the absence of a marked trend in the yields of both durum wheat and barley, which seem to have remained relatively high from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages. The average values for the whole period (mean ± SD) were 1.61 ± 0.49 and 1.08 ± 0.25 Mg ha–1 for durum wheat and barley, respectively in the NE Iberian Peninsula, and 1.18 ± 0.48 and 0.97 ± 0.30 Mg ha–1, respectively, in SE Iberian Peninsula. These yield estimates are within the range indicated by the limited data (mostly from contemporary written sources) available for the Mediterranean Basin, and suggest relatively good growing conditions throughout the period studied, particularly in the NE Iberian Peninsula.

scholarly journals Seed Exchange as an Agrobiodiversity Conservation Mechanism. A Case Study in Vall Fosca, Catalan Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Calvet-Mir ◽  
Maria Calvet-Mir ◽  
José Luis Molina ◽  
Victoria Reyes-García
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Seed Exchange ◽  
Agrobiodiversity Conservation

scholarly journals Synergetic monitoring of Saharan dust plumes and potential impact on surface: a case study of dust transport from Canary Islands to Iberian Peninsula

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3067-3091 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Córdoba-Jabonero ◽  
M. Sorribas ◽  
J. L. Guerrero-Rascado ◽  
J. A. Adame ◽  
Y. Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Potential Impact

Abstract. The synergetic use of meteorological information, remote sensing both ground-based active (lidar) and passive (sun-photometry) techniques together with backtrajectory analysis and in-situ measurements is devoted to the characterization of dust intrusions. A case study of air masses advected from the Saharan region to the Canary Islands and the Iberian Peninsula, located relatively close and far away from the dust sources, respectively, was considered for this purpose. The observations were performed over three Spanish geographically strategic stations within the dust-influenced area along a common dust plume pathway monitored from 11 to 19 of March 2008. A 4-day long dust event (13–16 March) over the Santa Cruz de Tenerife Observatory (SCO), and a linked short 1-day dust episode (14 March) in the Southern Iberian Peninsula over the Atmospheric Sounding Station "El Arenosillo" (ARN) and the Granada station (GRA) were detected. Meteorological conditions favoured the dust plume transport over the area under study. Backtrajectory analysis clearly revealed the Saharan region as the source of the dust intrusion. Under the Saharan air masses influence, AERONET Aerosol Optical Depth at 500 nm (AOD500) ranged from 0.3 to 0.6 and Ångström Exponent at 440/675 nm wavelength pair (AE440/675) was lower than 0.5, indicating a high loading and predominance of coarse particles during those dusty events. Lidar observations characterized their vertical layering structure, identifying different aerosol contributions depending on altitude. In particular, the 3-km height dust layer transported from the Saharan region and observed over SCO site was later on detected at ARN and GRA stations. No significant differences were found in the lidar (extinction-to-backscatter) ratio (LR) estimation for that dust plume over all stations when a suitable aerosol scenario for lidar data retrieval is selected. Lidar-retrieved LR values of 60–70 sr were obtained during the main dust episodes. These similar LR values found in all the stations suggest that dust properties were kept nearly unchanged in the course of its medium-range transport. In addition, the potential impact on surface of that Saharan dust intrusion over the Iberian Peninsula was evaluated by means of ground-level in-situ measurements for particle deposition assessment together with backtrajectory analysis. However, no connection between those dust plumes and the particle sedimentation registered at ground level is found. Differences on particle deposition processes observed in both Southern Iberian Peninsula sites are due to the particular dust transport pattern occurred over each station. Discrepancies between columnar-integrated and ground-level in-situ measurements show a clear dependence on height of the dust particle size distribution. Then, further vertical size-resolved observations are needed for evaluation of the impact on surface of the Saharan dust arrival to the Iberian Peninsula.

scholarly journals Assessing UAV platform types and optical sensor specifications

2014 ◽  
Vol II-5 ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Altena ◽  
T. Goedemé
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Image Motion ◽  
Lens Distortion ◽  
Mobile Platforms ◽  
Optical Instruments ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
Processing Software ◽  
Normal Lens

Photogrammetric acquisition with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has grown extensively over the last couple of years. Such mobile platforms and their processing software have matured, resulting in a market which offers off-the-shelf mapping solutions to surveying companies and geospatial enterprises. Different approaches in platform type and optical instruments exist, though its resulting products have similar specifications. To demonstrate differences in acquisitioning practice, a case study over an open mine was flown with two different off-the-shelf UAVs (a fixed-wing and a multi-rotor). The resulting imagery is analyzed to clarify the differences in collection quality. We look at image settings, and stress the fact of photographic experience if manual setting are applied. For mapping production it might be safest to set the camera on automatic. Furthermore, we try to estimate if blur is present due to image motion. A subtle trend seems to be present, for the fast flying platform though its extent is of similar order to the slow moving one. It shows both systems operate at their limits. Finally, the lens distortion is assessed with special attention to chromatic aberration. Here we see that through calibration such aberrations could be present, however detecting this phenomena directly on imagery is not straightforward. For such effects a normal lens is sufficient, though a better lens and collimator does give significant improvement.

scholarly journals Identification of Ancient Irrigation Practices based on the Carbon Isotope Discrimination of Plant Seeds: a Case Study from the South-East Iberian Peninsula

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 729-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Araus ◽  
Anna Febrero ◽  
Ramon Buxó ◽  
Maria Oliva Rodrı́guez-Ariza ◽  
Fernando Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
The South ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Irrigation Practices

scholarly journals An exceptionally long paleoseismic record of a slow-moving fault: The Alhama de Murcia fault (Eastern Betic shear zone, Spain)

2012 ◽  
Vol 124 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1474-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ortuno ◽  
E. Masana ◽  
E. Garcia-Melendez ◽  
J. Martinez-Diaz ◽  
P. Stepancikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Zone ◽  
Slow Moving
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