scholarly journals A single resistance factor to solve vineyard degeneration due to grapevine fanleaf virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Djennane ◽  
Emilce Prado ◽  
Vincent Dumas ◽  
Gérard Demangeat ◽  
Sophie Gersch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Resistance Factor ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Grapevine Fanleaf Virus ◽  
Recessive Factor ◽  
Virus Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Factors

AbstractGrapevine fanleaf disease, caused by grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), transmitted by the soil-borne nematode Xiphinema index, provokes severe symptoms and economic losses, threatening vineyards worldwide. As no effective solution exists so far to control grapevine fanleaf disease in an environmentally friendly way, we investigated the presence of resistance to GFLV in grapevine genetic resources. We discovered that the Riesling variety displays resistance to GFLV, although it is susceptible to X. index. This resistance is determined by a single recessive factor located on grapevine chromosome 1, which we have named rgflv1. The discovery of rgflv1 paves the way for the first effective and environmentally friendly solution to control grapevine fanleaf disease through the development of new GFLV-resistant grapevine rootstocks, which was hitherto an unthinkable prospect. Moreover, rgflv1 is putatively distinct from the virus susceptibility factors already described in plants.

scholarly journals A single resistance factor to solve vineyard degeneration due to grapevine fanleaf virus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Djennane ◽  
Emilce Prado ◽  
Vincent Dumas ◽  
Gérard Demangeat ◽  
Sophie Gersch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Resistance Factor ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Grapevine Fanleaf Virus ◽  
Recessive Factor ◽  
Virus Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Factors

Abstract Grapevine fanleaf disease, caused by grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), transmitted by the soil-borne nematode Xiphinema index, provokes severe symptoms and economic losses, threatening vineyards worldwide. As no effective solution exists so far to control grapevine fanleaf disease in an environmentally friendly way, we investigated the presence of resistance to GFLV in grapevine genetic resources. We discovered that the Riesling variety displays resistance to GFLV, although it is susceptible to X. index. This resistance is determined by a single recessive factor located on grapevine chromosome 1, which we have named rgflv1. The discovery of rgflv1 paves the way for the first effective and environmentally friendly solution to control grapevine fanleaf disease through the development of new GFLV-resistant grapevine rootstocks, which was hitherto an unthinkable prospect. Moreover, rgflv1 is putatively distinct from the virus susceptibility factors already described in plants.

The Role of Traditional Communities n the Management of Diversity of Sheep Populations in Caras - Severin County

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Mariana Sandu ◽  
Stefan Mantea
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Pastoral System ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Government

Abstract Modernization of agriculture has led to the erosion of biodiversity of agroecosystems with implications for productivity in the sector. Degradation of genetic resources of plants, animals, insects and soil organisms causing economic losses threatening the food security of the population. This study is based on biodiversity in sheep populations in Caras - Severin and brings attention to traditional practices in the management of animal genetic resources. In the agroecosystem, maintaining the biodiversity is a guarantee for future challenges (growth and diversification of consumer demand, climate change, possible calamities) provided that at the consumer level there is an increased preference to traditional and organic products. From this point of view, it is remarkable the effort of private breeders in Caras - Severin to maintain the rustic varieties of sheep, but we think it requires a more resolute stand of the government and academic organisations for identification, preservation and support of such genetic resources valuable for all species. In Caras-Severin County, diversity of sheep populations is maintained in household or pastoral system in small and medium farms, the animal selection being based on the interest and preferences.

scholarly journals Biomimetic Approaches for the Development of New Antifouling Solutions: Study of Incorporation of Macroalgae and Sponge Extracts for the Development of New Environmentally-Friendly Coatings

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilse Sánchez-Lozano ◽  
Claudia Judith Hernández-Guerrero ◽  
Mauricio Muñoz-Ochoa ◽  
Claire Hellio
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Marine Biotechnology ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Selection Of

Biofouling causes major economic losses in the maritime industry. In our site study, the Bay of La Paz (Gulf of California), biofouling on immersed structures is a major problem and is treated mostly with copper-based antifouling paints. Due to the known environmental effect of such treatments, the search for environmentally friendly alternatives in this zone of high biodiversity is a priority to ensure the conservation and protection of species. The aim of this work was to link chemical ecology to marine biotechnology: indeed, the natural defense of macroalgae and sponge was evaluated against biofoulers (biofilm and macrofoulers) from the same geographical zone, and some coatings formulation was done for field assays. Our approach combines in vitro and field bioassays to ensure the selection of the best AF agent prospects. The 1st step consisted of the selection of macroalgae (5 species) and sponges (2 species) with surfaces harboring a low level of colonizers; then extracts were prepared and assayed for toxicity against Artemia, activity towards key marine bacteria involved in biofilm formation in the Bay of La Paz, and the potency to inhibit adhesion of macroorganisms (phenoloxidase assays). The most active and non-toxic extracts were further studied for biofouling activity in the adhesion of the bacteria involved in biofilm formation and through incorporation in marine coatings which were immersed in La Paz Bay during 40 days. In vitro assays demonstrated that extracts of Laurencia gardneri, Sargassum horridum (macroalgae), Haliclona caerulea and Ircinia sp. (sponges) were the most promising. The field test results were of high interest as the best formulation were composed of extracts of H. caerulea and S. horridum and led to a reduction of 32% of biofouling compared with the control.

scholarly journals Environmentally Friendly Anticorrosive Polymeric Coatings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3446
Author(s):  
Mirko Faccini ◽  
Lorenzo Bautista ◽  
Laura Soldi ◽  
Ana M. Escobar ◽  
Manuela Altavilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Organic Coatings ◽  
Polymeric Coatings ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Consumer Awareness ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Recent Developments

This paper provides a synthetic and comprehensive overview on environmentally friendly anticorrosive polymeric coatings. Firstly, the economic and environmental impact of corrosion is presented to highlight the need of anticorrosive polymeric coatings as a flexible and effective solution to protect a metal. Secondly, the implementation of regulations together with the consumer awareness for environmental considerations and protection of health are the driving force for a progressive but significant change in the sector. Therefore, within the protective organic coatings market, this article provides a review of the most recent developments in environmentally friendly solutions, including bio-based and water-borne epoxy, hyperbranched polyester for low- volatile organic compounds (VOC) coatings, waterborne polyurethane and non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs), and graphene or bio-based fillers for acrylics. Moreover, this paper outlines new trends such as smart additives, bio-based corrosion inhibitors, and functional antibiocorrosive coatings as superhydrophobics. Finally, industrially relevant applications of environmentally friendly anticorrosive polymeric coatings including solutions for marine and off-shore industries are summarized.

scholarly journals Recent Advances of Genetic Resources, Genes and Genetic Approaches for Flooding Tolerance in Rice.

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debabrata Panda ◽  
Jijnasa Barik ◽  
Ramani K. Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Stress Constraint ◽  
Flooding Tolerance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Trait Locus

: Flooding is one of the most hazardous natural disasters and a major stress constraint to rice production throughout the world, which results in huge economic losses. The frequency and duration of flooding is predicted to increase in near future as a result of global climate change. Breeding of flooding tolerance in rice is a challenging task because of the complexity of the component traits, screening technique, environmental factors and genetic interactions. A great progress has been made during last two decade to find out the flooding tolerance mechanism in rice. An important breakthrough in submergence research was achieved by identification of major quantitative trait locus (QTL) SUB1 in rice chromosomes that acts as the primary contributor for tolerance. This enabled the use of marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) to transfer SUB1 QTL into popular varieties which showed yield advantages in flood prone area. However, SUB1 varieties are not always tolerant to stagnant flooding and flooding during germination stage. So, gene pyramiding approach can be used by combining several important traits to develop new breeding rice lines that confer tolerances to different types of flooding. This review highlights the important germplasm/genetic resources of rice to different types of flooding stress. A brief discussion on the genes and genetic mechanism in rice exhibited to different types of flooding tolerance was discussed for development of flood tolerant rice variety. Further research on developing multiple stresses tolerant rice can be achieved by combining SUB1 with other tolerance traits/genes for wider adaptation in the rain-fed rice ecosystems.

scholarly journals Eco-friendly surfactants in glyphosate formulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-221
Author(s):  
Romina C. Pessagno ◽  
Diego Grassi ◽  
Camila Pedraza ◽  
Gustavo Thompson ◽  
Carlos Ojeda
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Interfacial Properties ◽  
Commercial Product ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Alkyl Glucoside ◽  
Glyphosate Formulation ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Unique Ability

Weeds affect various crops worldwide, causing low yields and, therefore, significant economic losses. These losses can be minimized by the use of herbicides such as glyphosate. However, the efficiency of glyphosate depends on the type of agrochemical formulations. The most widely used surfactant is polyethoxylated tallow amine. Nevertheless, the disadvantage of these compounds is that their toxicity is greater than that of glyphosate itself. Thus, this study aimed to develop an environmentally-friendly combination of surfactants that can increase the performance of glyphosate compared to other currently used formulations. Saponin (S) is environmentally friendly and has a unique ability to go through the waxy cuticle of the weed leaf. However, its interfacial properties are very poor. In contrast, the alkyl glucoside (AG) mixture has shown excellent interfacial properties, being an environmentally safe surfactant, but cannot pass through the cuticle. In the present study, we mixed both surfactants. Two formulations were made with 20% (F1) and 2% (F2) of S with 4% AG. To verify the usefulness of our formulations, they were compared against a commercial product. The results showed that the commercial product had better CMC 0.3±0.1% and pC20 1.155±0.099 than our formulations F1 and F2. Formulations F1 and F2 showed better gCMC than the commercial product 36.5±4.1 mN/m and 30.9±1.4 mN/m, respectively. Field tests showed that F2 was more effective than the commercial product in eliminating weeds at the end of the test at 30 days. Our results allowed confirming that the use of saponin improves the efficiency of glyphosate. The work showed that structures similar to cyclopentaneperhydrophenanthrene are very effective for introducing drugs into plants through the leaves. This is an advance in general and in particular for the increase of the yield in certain crops.

scholarly journals Mold detection and environmentally friendly prevention technology for animal specimens

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Rong Sunmei ◽  
Yayun Zeng ◽  
Wei-Ling Chen ◽  
Zhuang Shang Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Paper Review

Animal specimens are easily invaded and corroded by molds, which seriously affects the beautful shape and integrity of biological specimens, It’s led to a huge economic loss. And the traditional methods & agentia of molds controlled are always spoisonous and polluted agentia. In this paper, review the detecting methods of animal specimens infected molds, exploring methods and reagents of prevention of molds,which can make the animal specimens be preserved for a long time without mold damage. This way would be green, environmental-friendly, and protect the human health and reduce economic losses.

Efficiency of application of biotechnology in poultry farming

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Sayenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Biological Protection ◽  
Poultry Farming

In a market economy, many poultry enterprises and farms suffer large economic losses due to poultry diseases and stressful effects, while unjustifiably using antibiotics and growth promoters. The modern market requires the receipt of environmentally friendly products. The use of hormonal drugs, growth stimulants and strong antibiotics threatens not only the health of the animal itself, but also the health of people who eat these products on a daily basis. The article considers the need for the development and implementation of biotechnology aimed at improving the viability of poultry, as well as ensuring biological protection and high productivity of poultry.

scholarly journals An assessment of the use of drug and non-drug interventions in the treatment ofIchthyophthirius multifiliisFouquet, 1876, a protozoan parasite of freshwater fish

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. PICÓN-CAMACHO ◽  
M. MARCOS-LOPEZ ◽  
J. E. BRON ◽  
A. P. SHINN
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis ◽  
Potassium Ferrate ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture ◽  
Food Fish ◽  
Drug Interventions

SUMMARYInfection by the ciliate protozoanIchthyophthirius multifiliisFouquet, 1876 causes significant economic losses in freshwater aquaculture worldwide. Following the ban on the use of malachite green for treating food fish, there has been extensive research aimed at identifying suitable replacements. In this paper we critically assess drug and non-drug interventions, which have been tested for use or have been employed against this parasite and evaluate possibilities for their application in farm systems. Current treatments include the administration of formaldehyde, sodium chloride (salt), copper sulphate and potassium permanganate. However, purportedly more environmentally friendly drugs such as humic acid, potassium ferrate (VI), bronopol and the peracetic acid-based products have recently been tested and represent promising alternatives. Further investigation, is required to optimize the treatments and to establish precise protocols in order to minimize the quantity of drug employed whilst ensuring the most efficacious performance. At the same time, there needs to be a greater emphasis placed on the non-drug aspects of management strategies, including the use of non-chemical interventions focusing on the removal of free-swimming stages and tomocysts ofI. multifiliisfrom farm culture systems. Use of such strategies provides the hope of more environmentally friendly alternatives for the control ofI. multifiliisinfections.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF VEGETAL EXTRACTS AND NANOSTRUCTURED MIXTURES ON GRAPEVINE POLLEN GRAINS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 422-426
Author(s):  
Diana Elena Vizitiu ◽  
Daniela-Ionela sardarescu ◽  
Carmen Florentina Popescu ◽  
Irina Fierascu ◽  
Radu Fierascu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Uncinula Necator ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Biological Products

Pesticides, plant bio-stimulants and chemical fertilizers used in intensified viticulture affects negatively the viability of the plants pollen causing relevant economic losses to viticulturists. Given these conditions, we aimed to identify the environmentally friendly phytosanitary treatments which does not negatively affect the evolution of pollen grains. The experiment took place in the greenhouse on 120 grapevine plants from the genotypes Feteasca alba 97 St., Feteasca regala 72 St., Feteasca neagra 6 St., Cabernet Sauvignon 131 St., 30 plants/genotype. These have been treated to combat the Plasmopara viticola and Uncinula necator pathogens with pesticides, biological products, plant extract and nanostructured mixture. The studied genotypes reacted differently regarding the evolution of the viability of pollen grains, the average pollen grains size and the total number of pollen grains. The best results have been registered at F. regala 72 St. (the viability was significantly improved at plants treated with plant extract and those with nanostructured mixture and the highest number of pollen grains was recorded at the plants treated with nanostructured mixture).

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