scholarly journals Simulation of deposit parameters in underground development mining

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 00029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Golik ◽  
Yuriy Razorenov ◽  
Volodymyr Morkun ◽  
Nataliia Morkun
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Physical Simulation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Ore Body ◽  
Advanced Experience ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Complex Criterion ◽  
Economic Indices ◽  
Equipment Application

The article is aimed at improving development mining to prepare an ore body for stoping by access ramps to provide comfortable conditions and high technical and economic indices in underground mining. Efficient parameters of underground mining are chosen in the course of simulating data on the mining theory and practice considering ore losses and dilution on the basis of critical analysis of uranium mining enterprises’ activities. The research provides data on geological and engineering zoning of an ore deposit and physical-mechanical properties of ore bearing rocks. The advanced experience is systemized and there is provided system analysis of modern development mining schemes with access ramps (ring, spiral, one-way inclined, central inclined and across the strike). The research recommends schemes of development mining and substantiates their advantages. There are quantitative indices of physical simulation of development variants as to drawn ore quality according to criteria of soil location in ore draw points. The scientific novelty implies developing the criterion of optimality and ranking variants of development mining according to technical-economic and geomechanical indices considering some technological factors as well as the number of stopes operating simultaneously on the level. The study consists in increasing authenticity of development projects through applying complex schemes of access ramps according to the complex criterion of increasing mining depths, equipment application, ventilation and underground mine capacity.

scholarly journals Ground Pressure under Mining Ore Bodies of Different Angles Based on Physical Simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Xiaoshuang Li ◽  
Jian Song
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Physical Simulation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Similarity Theory ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Overburden Rock ◽  
Rock Layer ◽  
Ground Pressure ◽  
Ore Body ◽  
Geological Conditions

Ground pressure characteristics of the ore body and the overburden deformation of the stope depend highly on the combined influence of geological conditions and mining disturbance. The ore body inclination, as a natural geological factor, has a nonnegligible effect on the underground mining. The ore angle plays a great role in the stress distribution of the overlying rock layer, resulting in the movement and destruction of the rock layer. The variation of the ore angle dominates the stress distribution of the overburden rock, the forms of movement, destruction, and the surface moving basin. Here, taking the geological mining conditions of the deep ore body mining in Jinning Phosphate Mine as the engineering background, we adopt a similar material ratio scheme of each rock layer in the mining area via the similarity theory and the principle of orthogonal experiment. We conduct systematic study on the strata movement, mining failure characteristics, and movement of the overlying rock in stope using a similar simulation test under two different ore angles of 20° and 50°. We found that, as the ore body inclination increases from 20° to 50°, the overburden unloading area of the stope extending to the deep part of the rock layer in the vertical direction is more obvious and its shape is more asymmetric about the stope center. The unloading area is more concentrated in the middle and upper part of the stope, while the upward development trend is more obvious. The relevant results can provide a certain reference for the underground mining of the mines and those with similar conditions.

scholarly journals Improving the efficiency of leaching of metals from ore raw materials

2018 ◽  
pp. 45-57
Author(s):  
V.I. Lyashenko ◽  
F.F. Topolnyi ◽  
G.D. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
Industrial Buildings

Purpose. Improving the efficiency of leaching of metals from ore raw materials by justifying the parameters of underground mining and the introduction of integrated technology in combination with geotechnology, ensuring the rational use, protection of the subsurface and the environment during the development of reserves by combined geotechnological methods. Metology. The methods of generalization, analysis and evaluation of practical experience and scientific achievements in the field of geotechnology, theory and practice of explosive destruction of solid media, continuum mechanics, mathematical statistics, as well as research techniques of wave processes according to standard and new techniques of the leading experts of the world's advanced mining countries are described. Findings. The factors determining the leaching efficiency of metal ores, environmental and seismic safety are established and the parameters of the explosion are justified taking into account the size of an average linear piece of exploded ore mass, the area of an emanating surface and the seismic safety of protected objects (industrial buildings, residential buildings, the Ingul river underflow, Kropivnitsky, etc.). Originality. Recommended empirical dependence for the prediction of the oscillation speed on the reduced mass of charge per deceleration step in the explosive preparation of ore for underground leaching of metals for the field conditions of the form y = a ∙ b also the value of the permissible displacement rate of the soil at the base of the protected objects = 0.4 cm / s. Practical value. When non-conforming ores of deposits are involved in the production, their raw material base at operating mines can be increased 1.4–1.6 times. Keywords: mining technology, underground mining, metal leaching, environmental safety, efficiency.

Philosophical and scientific foundations of a realistic approach to understanding and cognition of truth in various fields of cognitive activity, including in criminal proceedings

2021 ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Valerii V. Melnik
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Realistic Approach ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Democratic Rule ◽  
Epistemological Basis

Continuing to explore the philosophical, moral-psychological, socio-psychological, legal-psychological and rhetorical problems of criminal proceedings, the author, using the methodology of system analysis in order to formulate and substantiate the problem within the framework of this article, identifies the main directions of the philosophical and scientific foundations of a realistic approach to understanding and cognition of the truth, including in criminal proceedings. The article analyzes the significance of the classical (correspondent) theory of truth as the initial epistemological basis of a realistic approach to understanding and cognition of truth in any sphere of cognitive activity, including in realistic epistemology, lawmaking, theory and practice of criminal proceedings. The author notes that the idea of truth as an integral part of the worldview of legislators, scientists and practicing lawyers is constructively used in the construction of a legally correct and fair preliminary investigation and trial in the Russian Federation, corresponding to the ideals of a democratic rule of law and standards of modern International Law, only when the court and participants in criminal proceedings on the part of the prosecution profess a non-relativistic, and a realistic approach to understanding and cognition of truth in the spirit of the correspondent (classical) theory of truth, the provisions of which in a dialectically “removed”, developed form are an integral part of realistic epistemology, including the dialectical-materialistic concept of cognition.

scholarly journals Using Topographic Advantages in Formulating a Strategy to Access Ore Bodies at Ban Phuc Nikel Mine

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Hung Nguyen Phi ◽  
Thang Pham Duc
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mineral Deposit ◽  
Access Method ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Ground Support ◽  
Mining Technique ◽  
Ore Body ◽  
Ore Bodies ◽  
Gain Access ◽  
Transport Potential

There are various types of underground mining that are categorized based on the kind of shafts used, the technique of extraction and the process used to get to a deposit. Development mining is composed of excavation almost entirely in (non-valuable) waste rock in order to gain access to the orebody. To start the mining, the first step is to make the path to go down. Development, the work of opening a mineral deposit for exploitation is performed. With it begins the actual mining of the deposit. Access to the deposit must be gained either by stripping the overburden, which is the soil and/or rock covering the deposit,to expose the near- surface ore for mining or by excavating openings from the surface to access more deeply buried deposits to prepare for underground mining. The type of underground mining technique used is typically based on the geology of the area, especially the amount of ground support needed to make mining safe. When using to exploit ore body by underground mining method, the textbook guide in universities of Vietnam had had 4 main strategies include: access by horizontal tunnel lines, access by incline shaft, vertical shaft and combination of above access method. In this study, we developed a solution outside of four above approaches, to take advantage of the topography, transport potential energy, and advantages when constructing sloped incline, backward from outside to inside.

scholarly journals Decreasing Mining Losses for the Room and Pillar Method by Replacing the Inter-Room Pillars by the Construction of Wooden Cribs Filled with Waste Rocks

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Skrzypkowski
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Ore Body ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Waste Rocks ◽  
Rock Pillars ◽  
First Time ◽  
Numerical Program ◽  
Vertical Deformations ◽  
Maximal Capacity

The article presents methods of securing mining excavations using wooden cribs. For the underground room and pillar method used to excavate zinc and lead ore body in the Olkusz-Pomorzany mine in Poland, model tests for the replacement of rock pillars by wooden cribs are presented. In the first stage of research, the results of laboratory strength tests carried out on models of four-point, six-point and eight-point cribs made of wooden beech beams at a 1:28 scale arranged horizontally were determined. For the first time, a concave round notch connection was used to connect the beams of the wooden cribs. The maximal capacity of cribs consisting only of beams and filled with waste rocks taken from underground mining excavations was determined. In addition, the vertical deformations of the cribs at maximal loading force and their specific deformations are presented. Additionally, on the basis of load-displacement characteristics, the range in variability of the stiffness of empty cribs and those filled with waste rocks was calculated as a function of their compressibility. In the second stage of research, the room and pillar method was designed in the Phase2 numerical program. The aim of the study was to determine the stresses in the inter-room pillars. Based on the results of laboratory and numerical tests, a factor of safety was determined, indicating that it is possible to reduce mining losses while maintaining the safe exploitation conditions of the ore body.

At the Crossroads: Justus Lipsius and the Early Modern Development of International Law

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
HALVARD LEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
International Law ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
The Many ◽  
Late Renaissance ◽  
The Way

Justus Lipsius (1547–1606) was among the most famed intellectuals in his time, but was largely forgotten during the Enlightenment. Intellectually, he stood at an important crossroads, his thought incorporating both late Renaissance traits and precursors of the early modern age. In this article I give a brief intellectual background to Lipsius's thought before concentrating on his thought regarding the lawful interaction between polities, with a focus on lawful government, dissimulation, war, and empire. I then detail the way in which Lipsian thought critically informed later theory and practice. It contained an eclectic mix of divine law, natural law, and positive human law, with some elements borrowed and popularized from earlier writers and others being more original. In the end, his work stands out both as an important inspiration for later theorists and practitioners, and as an example of the many idiosyncrasies and possible trajectories that early international law could have adopted.

Automation of the Formation of Organizational Technological Documentation

2015 ◽  
Vol 738-739 ◽  
pp. 444-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Korol ◽  
Pavel Kagan ◽  
Tatyana Barabanova
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Technological Documentation ◽  
Normative Documentation

Today in Russia the urgent question of preparation of qualified specialists for the construction industry. Appearance of new types of work requires workers, foremen and superintendents know how most effectively to manage the construction process, and often it is impossible without a qualitatively prepared the technological card on a certain type of work. Routing is an integral part of the design and technological documentation. It is necessary to modernize the process of formation of technological cards and create a new one, following the trends of development of the construction industry. Use of modern information technologies for the formation of technological cards will eliminate a number of personnel issues facing the construction complex. Raise the level of preparation of design and technological documentation will be possible due to introduction of methods, models, algorithms for automation of documentation. The process of development of technological cards in construction is one of the most difficult and complex and, at the same time, the least automated. Therefore, development of new models and methods of automation, change the very process of creating this section of organizational and technological documentation, will allow to solve an actual problem of improvement of quality of formation of technological cards, reduce time and cost of construction. Methodological and theoretical basis of research includes: the theory and practice of CAD, system analysis and construction or for system architect, database design, theory of algorithms, thematic work of the authors, the normative documentation in the field.

scholarly journals Use of residual rock strength in bearing structures in underground ore mining

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Golik ◽  
Yury V. Dmitrak ◽  
Oleg Z. Gabaraev ◽  
Yuri I. Razorenov
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Rock Strength ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Mining Engineering ◽  
Scientific Support

The relevance of the study is explained by the need to improve technological processes with the increasing complexity of the development of ore deposits with an increase in the depth of development, the use of powerful technology and an increase in stresses in arrays of ore-bearing rocks. The need to minimize the risk of mining requires the development and use of tools for managing an array. The purpose of this study is to systematize information about the theory and practice of using the residual bearing capacity of destroyed rocks from the practice of underground mining to improve the methods used to control the geomechanics of ore-bearing arrays. The complex of research includes analytical, full-scale, laboratory and theoretical methods that are used to identify the phenomenon of the use of the residual carrying capacity of destroyed rocks. To achieve this goal information on the use of bearing floors made of intact and destroyed ores and rocks, as well as other materials, is systematized. A brief description of the scientific support of mining engineering tasks is given. The phenomenon of the use of residual bearing capacity of disturbed rocks in the structure arising in the mountain massif is characterized. A critical analysis of the concepts of array management is given. Considered alternative options for creating structures for solving problems of reducing the health risk of workers and improving the quality of ores. A new typification of structures using the residual strength of destroyed rocks is given. It has been proved that in underground mining there is an opportunity to realize the residual bearing capacity of the destroyed rocks to create structures with desired properties, which contributes to solving the tasks of labor protection and improving the quality of ores.

scholarly journals INNOVATION AND DIGITALIZATION IN TOURISM - RESTRICTION OR DEVELOPMENT FOR BUSINESS IN BULGARIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 252-258
Author(s):  
Elenita Velikova
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Expert Analysis ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Tourism Services

The purpose of this publication is to explore the opportunities that innovation and digitization provide in tourism. Although digitization is not a new direction in tourism, its understanding and use in a number of cases is hampered by the lack of knowledge and skills in the field. The aim has been achieved by exploring secondary sources on the specificities of innovation activity and digitization. Systematic approach, observation, abstraction, as well as some general science principles such as objectivity, dialectic, concretization, unity between theory and practice, system analysis, induction, deduction and others are also applied. A qualitative expert analysis of the websites of tourist sites has been carried out to determine the level of digitization in the tourism sector. The survey results show that tourist sites focusing on innovative supply to their customers use modern information technologies as well as technologies directly involved in improving the supply of tourism services, including traditional products, services and know-how. Consumer value is increased by providing product innovations, place and promotion. It comes to the conclusion that, despite the benefits of innovation and digitization, they are not a panacea that can solve all the emerging problems of today's business, and in many cases are a limiting factor.

scholarly journals Interaction of Natural and Technical Systems in the Subsoil Development Areas

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.И. Голик ◽  
Х.Х. Кожиев ◽  
О.Г. Бурдзиева ◽  
С.А. Масленников
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The North ◽  
Ore Body ◽  
Technology Improvement ◽  
River Valleys

Деятельность горнодобывающей отрасли осуществляется с высокой степенью риска. Проблема управления состоянием массива особо актуальна в условиях горного региона с неработающими выработками, воронками провалов и отвалами пород и хвостов обогащения на террасных участках и в долинах рек. Она особо актуальна в условиях региона Северная Осетия с неработающими выработками, воронками провалов и отвалами пород и хвостов обогащения на террасных участках и в долинах рек. Увеличение глубины горных работ и объемов выемки сырья в сейсмически активных районах усиливают статическое и динамическое воздействие на геомеханические системы. Одним из способов исследования динамики напряжений в массиве являются измерения с помощью тензометрических датчиков. На одном из месторождений была оборудована замерная тензометрическая станция. Полученные эпюры напряжений вокруг выработки служили основанием для оценки поведения массива. Установлено, что изменение состояния крепи в зависимости от фазы развития очистных работ подчиняется закономерности. Пока рудное тело в пределах блока ведет себя как защемленная в висячем и лежачем боках балка, напряжения распределяются равномерно. После отрезки рудного тела со стороны висячего бока нагрузка на верхний элемент крепи со стороны очистных работ возрастает. Одним из направлений совершенствования технологий является использование феномена заклинивания дискретных пород, что нередко позволяет обеспечить возможность отработки месторождений с получением экологоэкономического эффекта при обеспечении безопасности горных работ. Эффективность использования породных конструкций складывается из экономии труда и материалов на управление состоянием скальных массивов при подземных работах. Оптимизация влияния напряжений в зоне взаимодействия очистных и подготовительных выработок уменьшает разубоживание руд породами и снижает опасность травмирования работающих отлаивающимися породами. При подземной разработке скальных сложноструктурных металлических месторождений в зоне взаимодействия горных выработок величина и знак напряжений во времени и пространстве может быть прогнозирована с достаточной для оперативного управления детализацией. Учет геомеханических факторов при отработке таких участков позволяет корректировать параметры разработки с получением экономического эффекта от повышения качества добываемых руд и уменьшения опасности для работающих. Mining activities are carried out with a high degree of risk. The problem of managing the state of the massif is especially relevant in the conditions of a mountainous region with idle workings, funnel dips and dumps of rocks and tailings in terraced areas and in river valleys. It is especially relevant in the conditions of the North Ossetia region with idle workings, funnel dips and dumps of rocks and tailings in terraced areas and in river valleys. An increase in the depth of mining and volumes of raw material excavation in seismically active areas reinforce the static and dynamic effects on geomechanical systems. One of the methods for studying the dynamics of stresses in an array is measurements using strain gauge sensors. At one of the fields, a metering strain gauge station was equipped. The obtained stress diagrams around the working served as the basis for assessing the behavior of the array. It was established that the change in the state of the lining, depending on the phase of development of the treatment works, is subject to regularities. While the ore body within the block behaves like a beam pinched in the hanging and lying sides, the stresses are distributed evenly. After segments of the ore body from the side of the hanging side, the load on the upper support element from the side of the treatment works increases. One of the areas of technology improvement is the use of the phenomenon of jamming of discrete rocks, which often allows you to provide the opportunity to develop deposits with environmental and economic effects while ensuring the safety of mining. The efficiency of using rock structures consists of saving labor and materials on managing the state of rock masses during underground work. Optimization of the effect of stresses in the zone of interaction between treatment and preparatory workings reduces ore dilution by rocks and reduces the risk of injury to workers using exfoliated rocks. In underground mining of rocky complex structural metal deposits in the interaction zone of mine workings, the magnitude and sign of stresses in time and space can be predicted with sufficient detail for operational control. Consideration of geomechanical factors when mining such sites allows you to adjust the development parameters to obtain the economic effect of improving the quality of ore mined and reducing the risk to workers.

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