scholarly journals Influence of structural and textural features of ores and rocks on mine dust explosion hazard during development of pyrite deposits

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 03017
Author(s):  
Marina Rylnikova ◽  
Viktor Fedotenko ◽  
Natalia Mitishova
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Dust Explosion ◽  
Explosion Hazard ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mine Dust ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
Explosive Properties

In the practice of mining works, sulfide-dust explosions often occur during underground development of pyrite ore deposits: copper-zinc, lead-zinc, copper-nickel, antimony, and others. This makes it necessary to conduct researches aimed at improvement of methods for studying the explosive properties of sulfide dust and development of industrial and environmental safety requirements for mining operations. Currently, there is no generally accepted state-approved regulatory procedure for assessment of sulfide dust explosion hazards during underground mining operations in Russia. Assessment of the type and concentration of mine sulfide dust in the underground mine atmosphere is vitally important for solving this problem. In practice, ores even with a sulfur content of less than 35% can constitute a sulfide dust explosion hazard, although mine dust with a sulfur content of less than 35% does not explode in laboratory conditions. To identify the cause of this phenomenon and develop technical solutions for ensuring safety of underground mining operations, change in the sulfur content of various mine dust fractions obtained from primary disintegration of sulfides was studied.

scholarly journals The influence of extensive caving zones on the state and behavior of the surface as a result of underground mining works

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
Evgeny Fedorov ◽  
Khaini-Kamal Kassymkanova ◽  
Gulnar Jangulova ◽  
Natalia Miletenko
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
The State ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Applied Development ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Mine Workings ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Behavior

The article discusses the features of the development of the Donskoy chromite deposit and the improvement of the applied development system with self-caving of ore. For a system with self-destruction of ore, as well as for other similar systems, the weakest point is mining under the collapsed massif, which largely affects the stability of mine workings, their safety for the entire period of stope excavation, the effect of extensive zones of collapse on the state and behavior surface. This problem is one of the most important and urgent, especially with the transition of mining operations to deeper horizons, where the technological features of the mine field are significantly complicated. Therefore, the formation of extensive zones of collapsed rocks in the process of stope excavation leads to the development of negative processes for the formation of extremely high loads on the support of mine workings, and in certain geotechnical situations, the collapse zones affect the state of the day surface, where subsidence is possible up to the formation of craters. All this can lead to disastrous consequences, both in mine conditions and on the surface. The study of the formation of caving zones during the development of ore deposits is an urgent task.

Experience in the development of innovative underground geotechnologies for mining of ore deposits

2020 ◽  
pp. 338-350
Author(s):  
I. V. Sokolov ◽  
Y. G. Antipin ◽  
N. V. Gobov ◽  
I. V. Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Ore Preparation ◽  
Additional Value

Based on an analysis of the design principles and practice of underground mining of ore deposits, the most significant features, trends to develop and directions to enhance of underground geotechnology in the field of opening and preparation, mining systems, filling works and ore preparation have been established. The main signs of innovation - scientific research and implementation in production in order to obtain additional value, are highlighted. Various approaches to the development of innovative underground geotechnologies are shown and a methodology for their justification is formulated based on a systematic approach implemented in the framework of the concept of integrated development of mineral resources and on the principles of economic efficiency, industrial and environmental safety, completeness of subsoil development. The experience of the IM UB RAS on the development and implementation of innovative underground geotechnologies in the design and industrial operation of a number of ore deposits is given, which significantly increased the completeness and quality of ore extraction from the subsoil, increased labor productivity in sinking and stoping works, reduced capital and operating costs for ore mining and to utilize mining and processing waste in the mined-out space.

Scientific and Practical Procedures of Ensuring the Effectiveness of Environmental Measures during Exploitation of Iron Ore Deposits

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Liubov Tymoshenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Iron Ore Deposits ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
Environmental Activities

The essence and expediency in the use of partial indicators of economic efficiency evaluation and selection of environmental activities in the development of iron ore deposits in different mining conditions of its exploitation is identified. Methodical approach to economic evaluation of the effectiveness of environmental measures during developing of iron ore deposits by using of index environmental and economic changes level of the environment, specific costs for environmental protection and economic intensity of violations of the environment was improved. The generalized indicator of economic efficiency of production ecologization at enterprises of mining and processing of ore raw materials is grounded. Levels of this indicator by the character of environmental activities of the enterprise, the stability of its interaction with nature and level on environmental-safety, are allocated. The methodical substantiation of evaluation criteria and methods for measuring the cost-effectiveness of environmental measures during exploitation of iron ore deposits and practical aspects of assessing the level of ecologization of open-pit and underground mining in relation to the economy of mining enterprises are given.

scholarly journals Occurrence Forms, Composition, Distribution, Origin and Potential Hazard of Natural Hydrogen–Hydrocarbon Gases in Ore Deposits of the Khibiny and Lovozero Massifs: A Review

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin A. Nivin
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Carbon Oxide ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Igneous Complexes ◽  
Main Component

The Khibiny and Lovozero massifs—the world’s largest alkaline massifs—contain deposits with unique reserves of phosphorus and rare metals, respectively. The reduced gas content in the rocks and, especially, the ore deposits of these massifs is unusually high for igneous complexes, thus representing both geochemical and practical interests. There are three morphological types (or occurrence forms) of the gas phase in these deposits: occluded (predominantly in vacuoles of micro-inclusions in minerals), diffusely dispersed, and free. All three morphological types have the same qualitative chemical gas composition. Methane is the main component, and molecular hydrogen (which sometimes dominates) and ethane are the subordinate constituents. Heavier methane homologs (up to and including pentanes), alkenes, helium, and rarely carbon oxide and dioxide are present in minor or trace amounts. All three morphological types of gases are irregularly distributed in space to various degrees. Free gases also show a release intensity that varies in time. The majority of researchers recognize that the origin of these gases is abiogenic and mostly related to the formation of the massifs and deposits. However, the relative time and mechanism of their generation are still debated. Emissions of combustible and explosive hydrogen–hydrocarbon gases pose hazards during the underground mining of ore deposits. Therefore, the distinctive features of gas-bearing capacity are an essential part of the mining and geological characterization of such deposits because they provide a basis for establishing and implementing special measures of the gas regime during mining operations.

scholarly journals Influence of the parameters of the layer of ore being brought down on its freezing and losses during the face ore draw

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zubkov ◽  
Dmitrii Petrov ◽  
Dosanbai Bekbergenov
Keyword(s):  
Physical Simulation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Cryolithic Zone ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Broken Ore

Application of mining systems with ore caving and adjacent strata, which do not entail high expenditures on delivery of freed ore and rock pressure management, allows to considerably increase efficiency of underground mining of ore deposits in the cryolithic zone. However, their use where permafrost formations are prevalent, requires taking into account factors complicating mining operations, in particular, the congealing of broken ore in the stoping zone. In order to assess the impact of thermal and humidity conditions on the completeness of reserves recovery, a study was carried out to determine the dependence between the volume of losses of broken ore prone to congealing and the width and height of the layer being brought down. Experimental studies were conducted by physical simulation in a cryo chamber on a laboratory bench. The ore drawing was conducted in a uniform sequence at the temperature in the stoping zone of minus 5 ˚C. The final parameter to be determined the loss of ore prone to congealing, was defined as the difference between the mass of ore in the block and the mass of ore drawn. It has been established that the losses of the broken ore due to congealing increase significantly when the depth of the layer being freed decreases and the width increases. The established patterns of influence of parameters of a beaten layer on losses of ore mass will be used during development of recommendations on technology of drawing of ore mass prone to congealing in the negative thermal conditions of underground mines of a cryolithic zone.

scholarly journals Evaluation of efficiency and environmental safety of leaching metals from ore: ways of development and prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3(59)) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Vasil Lyashenko ◽  
Oleh Khomenko ◽  
Tatiana Chekushina ◽  
Tamara Dudar ◽  
Fedor Topolnij
Keyword(s):  
Mine Water ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Technological Parameters

The object of research is traditional mining technologies and technical means in combination with underground block leaching (UBL) of metals from rock ores with their preliminary crushing with explosives in installations mounted in mine workings. One of the most problematic areas is the difficulty of achieving a given crushing quality, as well as the required height of ore storage in the chamber for the subsequent leaching of metals and a loosening factor, taking into account the control of the energy of explosive destruction of rock ores. The study used: – data from literary sources and patent documentation in the field of technologies and technical means for UBL of metals from ores in energy disturbed massifs, substantiation of technological parameters of operational blocks; – laboratory and production experiments; – physical modeling of metal extraction from ores from the average linear size of a piece of blasted ore. Analytical studies, comparative analysis of theoretical and practical results using standard and new methods were carried out with the participation of the authors. It was found that the most intensive infiltration leaching occurs when the size class of ore lumps is –100+0 mm. Metals are extracted from fractions –200+100 mm less intensively and for a longer time. To neutralize and flush the spent ore mass, it is recommended to treat it with lime solution and mine water through wells for supplying leaching solutions (irrigation system). The protection of the hydrogeological environment is carried out by silting the bottom of the chamber for collecting productive solutions with clay solution and by constant monitoring of mine water pollution in the zone of UBL influence. On the basis of the positive results obtained from the study and implementation of technologies for UBL of metals from rock ores during the development of block 5–86, in accordance with the recommendations issued, the same approach was used for blocks 5–84–86 and 5–88–90, as well as industrial experimental block 1–75–79. Due to the involvement in the production of substandard ores, the raw material base for the extraction of metals, at the operating mines, can be increased by 1.4–1.6 times. The research results can be used in underground mining of ore deposits of complex structure in Ukraine, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan and other developed mining countries of the world.

scholarly journals Classification of underground mining works within the Tg. Ocna salt mine from the point of view of gas emissions

2022 ◽  
Vol 354 ◽  
pp. 00028
Author(s):  
Adrian Matei ◽  
Nicolae Ianc
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Salt Mines ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
Mining Work

According to the new classification method, salt mines and underground work or areas where methane has not been observed but for which methane has been observed in boreholes found in rock massifs are considered to be fire mines / mine areas or mining work. This new classification allows only the effective areas of exploitation to be maintained in the wire regime, the rest of the salt mine being considered non-wire. The purpose of this paper is to determine the rate of methane (explosive gas) and carbon dioxide (oxidizing gas) in the mining operations of the Tg-Ocna salt mine, given its classification.

scholarly journals The assessment of the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the current stressstrain state of rock massif of burst-hazardous ore deposits in the East of Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Igor Rasskazov ◽  
Boris Saksin ◽  
Vitaly Usikov ◽  
Alexander Sidlyar
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Radar Images ◽  
Rock Structure ◽  
Zone Of Influence ◽  
Space Data ◽  
The Impact

This paper does a case study of endogenous deposits located in the zone of influence of convergent (converging, colliding) boundaries of tectonic plates in the zone of the continent-ocean transition, where there is increased present seismic and geodynamic activity, covers the issues of the ratio of natural and anthropogenic components of the stress-strain state (SSS) in rock massifs. It has been shown that, despite the confinement of the studied deposits to a single rock structure, as well as the proximity of their common neotectonic position, the SSS of the rock massifs containing them varies significantly. Based on a comprehensive analysis of geological and geophysical data with the use of space data about the Earth (GRACE mission data for calculation of stress fields and radar images of the Earth's surface), the kinematics of the process of modern deformation of the upper part of the Earth's crust within the studied area is specified. It is established that the peculiarity of the region is the pronounced contribution of the natural component to the general present SSS of rock massifs of impactthreatening deposits. On a real example, the possibility of a predictive assessment of SSS has been shown, which is important at the stages of designing and conducting underground mining operations in severe mining-geological and burst -hazardous conditions.

Factors influencing the opening scheme deep horizons of quarries with the use of sloping underground transport development

2020 ◽  
pp. 351-367
Author(s):  
V. A. Cherepanov ◽  
I. A. Glebov
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Optimization Of Process Parameters ◽  
Development Of Instrument ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
The Cost

The questions of improving the technology of completion of deposits are closely associated with an increase in the efficiency of technological processes and introduction of new methods and means of mechanization, optimization of process parameters to minimize the cost and increase the intensity of mining works in conditions of changing parameters of the working area depth of mining. For different conditions of completion of deposits by open-underground method, depending on the volume of traffic and parameters of quarries, it is proposed to use the appropriate underground transport workings. Optimization of the parameters of the sides of the quarry allows to increase the slope angle and increase the cost-effective depth of open-pit development. As one of the possible ways of refining deposits, the use of inclined underground transport workings is proposed by developing a quarry with a tunnel opening zone, or using underground mining operations, but without building capital vertical shafts. The article presents the factors that influence the opening scheme deep horizons of quarries with the use of sloping underground transport development with using articulated trucks and road trains. The factors are the basis for further search of rational parameters of openunderground technology of completion of instrument and sub-barrier reserves. To assess the depth of the transition to the opening scheme using the tunnel opening zone, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors: mining, technical, and economic. The results of such calculations are given in the article. The application of the proposed technology will increase the completeness of field development due to the involvement in the development of instrument and sub-barrier reserves, which is an urgent task in connection with the upcoming achievement of the stage of completion of deposits at many mining enterprises, both in the near future and in the long term.

scholarly journals Geological CO2 quantified by high-temporal resolution stable isotope monitoring in a salt mine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander H. Frank ◽  
Robert van Geldern ◽  
Anssi Myrttinen ◽  
Martin Zimmer ◽  
Johannes A. C. Barth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Anthropogenic Contributions

AbstractThe relevance of CO2 emissions from geological sources to the atmospheric carbon budget is becoming increasingly recognized. Although geogenic gas migration along faults and in volcanic zones is generally well studied, short-term dynamics of diffusive geogenic CO2 emissions are mostly unknown. While geogenic CO2 is considered a challenging threat for underground mining operations, mines provide an extraordinary opportunity to observe geogenic degassing and dynamics close to its source. Stable carbon isotope monitoring of CO2 allows partitioning geogenic from anthropogenic contributions. High temporal-resolution enables the recognition of temporal and interdependent dynamics, easily missed by discrete sampling. Here, data is presented from an active underground salt mine in central Germany, collected on-site utilizing a field-deployed laser isotope spectrometer. Throughout the 34-day measurement period, total CO2 concentrations varied between 805 ppmV (5th percentile) and 1370 ppmV (95th percentile). With a 400-ppm atmospheric background concentration, an isotope mixing model allows the separation of geogenic (16–27%) from highly dynamic anthropogenic combustion-related contributions (21–54%). The geogenic fraction is inversely correlated to established CO2 concentrations that were driven by anthropogenic CO2 emissions within the mine. The described approach is applicable to other environments, including different types of underground mines, natural caves, and soils.

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