scholarly journals Studying soil-reclamation state of rice agricultural landscapes

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Malysheva ◽  
Sergey Kizinek ◽  
Anna Khadzhidi ◽  
Lyudmila Kravchenko ◽  
Valeriia Chegge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
The State ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Rice Soils ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Degree Type

The article presents studies of the soil-reclamation state of rice agricultural landscapes of Krasnodar Territory using the example of the Chernoyerovskaya irrigation system. The direction of changes in soil salinity over a long-term period was revealed. In the framework of monitoring the state of rice soils, salt survey was carried out. The degree, type and causes of their salinization have been determined, the relationship between the salt regime of soils and the regime of the level and chemical composition of groundwater has been established. Recommendations for managing the fertility of rice agricultural landscapes are given.

scholarly journals GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH OF ECOLOGICALLY DEPENDENT DISEASE IN THE TERRITORIES OF OLD AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT (CHERKASY REGION)

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Victoria Chornomorets ◽  
Serhii Sonko
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

The dependence of morbidity on the environment has always been part of the subject area of geographical science. But recently, especially against the backdrop of the corona virus pandemic, this problem is gradually moving into the interests of Earth sciences, as it clearly marks the "relationship and interaction of terrestrial geospheres." The problem of the spread of ecologically dependent diseases of the population has long been in the interests of not only scientists and medical workers, but also geographers. The latter focused on establishing links between the quality of the natural environment of human life and the types of morbidity. V.O. Shevchenko, V.M. Gutsulyak, O. Y. Romaniv, I.M. Dudnyk, M. Petrovska, K.P. Mukha, N.I. Mezentseva,  К.В. Mezentseva, T. Shovkun, D. Shiyan and others dealt with these issues.  In geographical science, traditionally more attention has been paid to the study of morbidity in either industrialized or urban regions. The development of ecologically dependent pathology in rural areas is no less urgent, both due to the long history of agricultural development of Ukraine and due to the significant intensification (using pathogenic agrochemicals) of agriculture in market conditions. At the same time, economic development of soils in the study area, as a result of long-term agricultural activity, in fact, was aimed at their destruction. The last 70-80 years have been carried out by deep plowing, application of mineral fertilizers and pesticides. In Cherkasy region in all areas there is an excess, compared to the natural background, the content of certain chemicals in the natural environment, which are manifested through the content of heavy metals in soils, natural waters, bottom sediments of reservoirs. Against the background of more widespread data on the state of health of the population in industrialized regions, the situation with environmentally caused diseases in rural areas is insufficiently studied. Given the intensification of agricultural technologies in recent years, the risk of environmentally dependent disease in the regions of old agricultural development is becoming quite significant. Among the areas of development of such technologies are the use of heavy tillage equipment, which leads to the development of planar soil erosion (deflation), which in turn causes dusting of the air. However, the natural biodiversity of agroecosystems is significantly depleted, making them less resistant to external influences and, consequently, increasing the risks of adverse natural and anthropogenic factors affecting human health. To a large extent, the degree of disturbance of natural ecosystems by certain branches of agriculture depends on its specialization, which with different levels of intensity affects the environment, which provokes an overall increase in the incidence of respiratory diseases in Cherkasy region with negative dynamics. The main task of the article was to analyze the theoretical features of the study of medical and geographical problems and morbidity in geography, including coverage of the health of the rural population of Cherkasy region and the relationship of respiratory diseases with the development of intensive technologies in agriculture. deterioration of the ecological state of the environment. And the aim of the article is to identify the main spatial trends in the spread of environmentally dependent diseases (including respiratory diseases) in the regions of old agricultural development (on the example of Cherkasy region). Mapping the main indicators of morbidity and further comparing them with different levels of intensity of agriculture will establish a general relationship between the deterioration of the incidence of respiratory diseases and the state of agricultural landscapes affected by long-term agricultural activities. Establishing closer links between the occurrence of respiratory diseases and the state of the environment of Cherkasy region requires the use of special research methods (monitoring and medical-statistical direction). Key words: morbidity, ecological, specialization, agriculture, spatial, Cherkasy region.

ISSUES OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STATE BUDGET AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN UZBEKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 4-19
Author(s):  
Akmal Baltayevich Allakuliev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
The State ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Macroeconomic Shocks ◽  
Dynamic Correlations ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the interaction of the country's GDP with the state budget in the short and long term, the impact of the macro-fiscal mechanism on the country's economic growth on the example of Uzbekistan.The aim of the study is to identify dynamic correlations between the country's state budget expenditures and the economic growth of the macro-fiscal mechanism in the short and long term, as well as to analyze the approximation or rate of return of GDP and the state budget to equilibrium during various macroeconomic shocks. and hesitation.The scientific novelties of the research are:

Ostatni będą pierwszymi? LNG w polityce energetycznej Rosji

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-120
Author(s):  
Szymon Kardaś
Keyword(s):  
Energy Markets ◽  
The State ◽  
External Energy ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Constant State ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the article is to analyze the current condition and development prospects for the Russian LNG sector. Taking into account the specifics of the functioning of the Russian state, the author chose the realistic paradigm (neoclassical realism), which is useful in the context of showing the relationship between internal structures and external activity of the state. The author argues that Russian expansion in the LNG sector is the result of the lobbying capacity of Novatek – the largest private gas producer in Russia. Although the state budget incurs significant costs related to the implementation of Novatek projects, in particular due to fiscal preferences, it also achieves the possibility of achieving the objectives in external and internal energy policy. Novatek’s expansion increases Russia’s share in external energy markets; at the same time LNG expansion, it is used for internal purposes. Novatek’s dominant position in the LNG sector is confirmed by both already implemented projects and plans for further expansion. The factors favoring Russian expansion are constant state support for Novatek projects, high level of internationalization of implemented projects and favorable forecasts on energy markets. The strong competition between currently dominant LNG producers and the risk of internal competition between Russian exporters are among the key long-term challenges.

The Techno-Bureaucratic Elite and the Entrepreneurial State in Dependent Industrialization

1983 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond D. Duvall ◽  
John R. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuations ◽  
Industrialization Process ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Role

A common characteristic of dependent industrializing countries is a substantial direct entrepreneurial role for the state. One explanation for this is that in dependent industrializing countries the system of allocation and production has been captured by a key group, the techno-bureaucratic elite. The argument is that this elite lends its political support to the state, in return for the state substituting as entrepreneur in the industrialization process.In this article we analyze the theoretical implications of this explanation of the entrepreneurial state. A formal model is constructed of the relationship between state entrepreneurship, material consequences for the techno-bureaucratic elite, and important domestic and international constraints. We then use deductive methods to analyze the logic of state entrepreneurship. Among other things, we show how cyclical fluctuations in the global economy are reflected in constantly changing levels of state entrepreneurship, and we investigate the consequences of alternative kinds of dependency syndromes for histories of entrepreneurial substitution and for streams of benefits to the techno-bureaucratic elite. It is demonstrated that there is an inverse relationship between the tendencies to reach stable levels of state entrepreneurship and the long-term potential for economic growth.

War and the State

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Ball
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
British State ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Welfare State

This chapter characterizes the relationship of the British state to war over the long term. It analyses two epistemic turning points for the war–state relationship, one occurring in the 1860s, the other in the 1970s. It explains the importance of war to the British state under the ‘fiscal security’ compromise.The chapter traces the long and uneven emergence of the ‘welfare state’ as a successor to the ‘warfare state’. It argues that the ‘warfare state’ paradigm loses much of its empirical and conceptual force if it were to be extended beyond 1970. The relationship of the state to war changed so fundamentally at that point that history, the chapter suggests, ceased to be a useful guide for future conduct.

Bringing the State Back In: Studying Ukrainian Statehood in the 20th Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-340
Author(s):  
Markian Dobczansky ◽  
Simone Attilio Bellezza
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article introduces a special issue on Ukrainian statehood. Based on the conference “A Century of Ukrainian Statehoods: 1917 and Beyond” at the University of Toronto, the special issue examines the relationship between the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917–1920 and the Soviet Ukrainian state over the long term. The authors survey the history of the Ukrainian SSR and propose two points of emphasis: the need to study the promises of “national” and “social” liberation in tandem and the persistent presence of an “internal other” in Soviet Ukrainian history.

Punitive Welfare on the Margins of the State: Narratives of Punishment and (In)Justice in Masiphumelele

2020 ◽  
pp. 096466392092476
Author(s):  
Gail Super
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
The State ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Structural Inequality ◽  
State Punishment ◽  
Popular Justice ◽  
Explicit Recognition ◽  
Slow Violence ◽  
The Relationship

While there is an established literature on the relationship between political economy and state punishment, there is less work on how punishment is constituted from below in contexts of inequality. This article analyses the discourse around incidents of lethal collective violence that occurred in 2015 in a former black township in South Africa. I use this as a lens for examining how punitive forms of popular justice interact with state punishment. Whether via the slow violence of structural inequality or the viscerally corporeal high rates of interpersonal violence, my interviewees were intimately acquainted with violence. Although they supported long-term imprisonment, none of them came across as stereotypical right-wing populists. Instead, they adopted complex positions, calling for a type of punitive welfarism, which combined harsh solutions to crime with explicit recognition of the importance of dealing with ‘root causes’. I argue that when the state is perceived to be failing to both impose punishment and provide welfare, violence becomes a technology of exchange, which simultaneously seeks both more punishment and more welfare. The result is an assemblage of exclusionary penal forms.

scholarly journals Anthropology and the State in Brazil: questions concerning a complex relationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos de Souza Lima ◽  
Caio Gonçalves Dias
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Third Moment

Abstract In this article we argue that, in order to understand the “attack” made on anthropology in Brazil, undertaken in the public sphere since the beginning of the second decade of the twenty-first century, we need to look at how anthropological knowledge has become disciplined and institutionalized in the medium to long term. We refer, in particular, to the relationship between what has been constituted as a “field of anthropology” and issues related to the public sphere. It is also necessary to consider the configuration with other institutionalized knowledge throughout the period spanning from the end of the nineteenth century to the present, with discontinuities but also with some important continuities. We look to show that the anthropology initially undertaken in Brazil was basically committed to furthering the interests of the agrarian-based political elites, a situation that continued from the turn of the nineteenth century to the twentieth century and into the first decades of the twenty-first, not only at the level of nation building, but also in the formation of the State. However, since the 1950s, and especially following creation of the new postgraduate courses in the late 1960s and early 1970s, anthropologists developed knowledge that led them to make an ethical and moral commitment to the communities with which they worked, combined with a critique of the military regime’s developmentalism and dictatorial authoritarianism. During a third moment ranging from the constituent process to the present, a portion of Brazilian anthropologists began to work directly in the recognition of rights constitutionally assigned to differentiated collectivities, generating a growing and progressive zone of friction with the hegemonic sectors at the economic-political level.

scholarly journals Behavioural Practices and Procurement Performance in Uganda

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayub Masaba Kutosi ◽  
Muhwezi Moses ◽  
Sarah Eya
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
The State ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Opportunistic Behaviour ◽  
Contracting Process ◽  
The Relationship

Despite the above reforms in procurement processes in Uganda’s State owned Enterprises, public procurement performance has not improved. This has consequently led to poor performance of State owned Enterprises. There have been allegations of a presence of opportunistic behaviour of procurement officers, absence of trust and mal practices like corruption and bribery by the contracting parties in the State owned Enterprises. This paper presents a study on the relationship between Behavioural practices and Procurement Performance in Uganda’s State owned Enterprises. This was a quantitative study confined to the area of behavioural practices and procurement performance of 20 State Owned Enterprises where each contributed 8 respondents making a total of 160. Data were collected, analyzed and presented using quantitative techniques. Correlation results show that there is a significant positive relationship between behavioural practices and procurement performance (r =.533**, p<.01). These results further highlight the fact that if elements of behavioural practices especially if Trust is well addressed, the institutions will realize an improvement in the procurement performance. This is because trust was found to be a very strong factor in determining behavioural practices. Further the regression model shows that Behavioural practices can significantly predict procurement performance in SOEs (Beta= .399, Sig. =.000). We recommend that, the behaviour of those involved in the contracting process must be checked. This can be through reference checks and selecting people with a proven record of integrity. Trust should be emphasized by both the State owned Enterprises and their respective providers in order to build a positive long-term relationship. Acts like deceit, cynicism and flattery must also be avoided at all costs.

Sodium chloride and soil texture interactions in irrigated field grown sultana grapevines. III. Soil and root system effects

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
LD Prior ◽  
AM Grieve ◽  
PG Slavich ◽  
BR Cullis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Five salinity treatments, ranging between 0.37 and 3.47 dS m-1, were applied through a trickle irrigation system to own-rooted sultana grapevines for six years. The changes in soil salinity levels and the relationship between soil salinity and yield were studied, and a simplified salt balance model was developed to calculate leaching fractions. Soil salinity was strongly influenced by soil texture as well as by salt treatment, because leaching fractions were lower in heavier soils; they averaged 23% in the lightest soils and 10% in the heaviest. Leaching fractions also increased with salt treatment, from 7% in the 0.37 dS m-1 treatment to 24% in the 3.47 dS m-1 treatment. This was probably because water use by salinized vines was lower. Yield was correlated with mean soil salinity, ECe, but the relationship was not as good as with plant salinity levels. The fitted model accounted for between 52 and 62% of the variance. It was concluded that soil salinity levels at the end of winter should be maintained below 1.0 dS m-1 in order to keep yield losses below 10%. For own-rooted sultana grapevines in Sunraysia, this requires a leaching fraction of about 8%. Rootzone depth and root density were lower in the heavier soils, and were decreased by salt treatment. The deleterious effects of salt treatment on clay dispersion and soil hydraulic conductivity were also greater in the heavier soils. Soil properties must therefore be considered when predicting the effects of saline water on crop productivity, especially in the long term.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document