scholarly journals Is there more to human social learning than enhanced facilitation? Prolonged learning and its impact on culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Csilla Dallos
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Informal Learning ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Creativity And Innovation ◽  
Facilitated Learning ◽  
Exclusive Focus

AbstractRecent scholarship has sought to understand culture by studying attributes of social learning. While celebrating the role of pedagogy and other forms of facilitated learning in human cultural uniqueness, these studies have neglected instances of restricted and prolonged knowledge and skill acquisition. This article analyses illustrative cases of such learning in the ethnographic literature to assess their implications for cultural processes and products. Combined evidence from formal apprenticeship and the informal learning of hunter-gatherers indicates that though enhanced facilitation of learning is undeniable, an exclusive focus on it has resulted in a flawed concept of human culture and its social context. The cases cited suggest that mechanisms to extend learning constitute a vital source of cultural creativity and innovation that should be considered in social learning and culture discussions.

The Aleutian Tradition

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Corbett ◽  
Michael Yarborough
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Traditional View ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Cultural Isolation ◽  
New Research ◽  
First Time

Archaeological research in the last 35 years has greatly increased our understanding of the complexity and dynamism of prehistoric Aleutian cultures. The traditional view of a uniform and unchanging culture spanning 1,000 miles and 4,000 years has collapsed under this new research. This chapter brings together for the first time recent scholarship on archipelago-wide cultural change through time and across space. The role of cultural influences from elsewhere in Alaska is explored, demolishing the paradigm of cultural isolation. This was instead a population of highly specialized maritime hunter-gatherers who undertook voyages of trade and warfare, sometimes covering distances of hundreds of kilometers, as well as inland movements to discover abundant resources.

scholarly journals Not by transmission alone – the role of invention in cultural evolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Perry ◽  
Alecia Carter ◽  
Marco Smolla ◽  
Erol Akcay ◽  
Sabine Nöbel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Process Understanding ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
New Research ◽  
Creativity And Innovation ◽  
Nonhuman Species

Invention and social learning have together empowered our species to inhabit virtually every part of the world. For the past fifty years, however, social learning has been regarded as the fundamental driver for the emergence of tradition and culture. As a result, innovation has been relatively understudied, outside the human lineage. This has left basic questions unanswered, such as: What factors promote the creation of new ideas and practices? And what affects whether they are spread or lost? We review the existing literature, focusing on the following four levels of investigation: traits (what sorts of behaviours are easiest to invent?), individuals (what intrinsic and contextual factors make some individuals more likely to invent new things?), populations (what features of social relationships and societies promote the rise and spread of new inventions?), and ecological contexts. We aim to inspire new research agendas by summarizing what is known and highlighting theoretical and empirical gaps in our understanding of the innovative process. Understanding the origin of humans’ noteworthy levels of creativity requires a well-developed theory of creativity and innovation as well as a large comparative data set investigating these processes in nonhuman species from a wide range of taxa.

Psychological empowerment as an antecedent of workplace learning: A study in the context of SMEs in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Tanveer Hussain Shah ◽  
Syed Mohsin Ali Shah ◽  
Junaid Athar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Informal Learning ◽  
Workplace Learning ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychological Empowerment ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Formal Learning ◽  
Important Form

A very important aspect of HRD research is Workplace Learning (WPL). WPL is very important considering its role in the development of skills and abilities of employees. Since employees are a crucial asset for organizations to achieve competitive advantage. Therefore, organizations must ensure continuous learning of their employees. This research was aimed at the investigation of the antecedent role of Psychological Empowerment (PE) for WPL. Using a quantitative approach, primary data was collected from 241 employees of 153 SMEs in Pakistan. Data was analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) by using PLS-SEM. The results of the study indicated that PE did play the role of an antecedent of WPL. Furthermore, Informal learning appeared as the most important form of WPL, followed by incidental and formal learning in SMEs in Pakistan. Keywords: Psychological empowerment; self-efficacy; workplace learning; self-determination; PLS-SEM.

scholarly journals Tourist Experience and Innovative Hospitality Management in Different Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6578
Author(s):  
Alon Gelbman
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Hospitality Management ◽  
Tourist Experience ◽  
Hospitality Organizations ◽  
Culture Characteristics ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
Document Review ◽  
Creativity And Innovation

The complexity of modern tourism and hospitality management because of competition in the destination market, and especially in urban tourism destinations, has created a demand for creativity and innovation. To satisfy heightened tourist expectations for a specialized experience, hospitality organizations emphasize local culture characteristics and the urban community. The purpose of this paper is to examine how an urban hospitality organization emphasizes community and social values in its hostels, and how the tourist experience is adapted to each city’s culture and atmosphere (Nazareth, Jerusalem, and Tel Aviv). The theoretical framework is based on the link connecting urban hospitality with the tourist experience, and how tourism innovation and creativity is managed, during this age of competition and specialization. The qualitative methodology includes participant observation, document review, and in-depth interviews. The findings of this study add a new dimension to the existing knowledge, namely the role of creativity and innovation in helping the management of an urban hospitality organization to shape the tourist experience. The study developed a new unique model for “implementing innovation in urban hospitality management” which describes the framework of connections and interactions between the various sustainable community based and social aspects. The novelty of this research model lies in the emphasis on how management uses innovation and creativity to brand the whole chain so as to realize the vision and values it wishes to promote. This also entails a system of sub-positioning that aligns the vision and values with the distinctive culture of each city and with each local community’s nature and traditions.

scholarly journals Camp stability predicts patterns of hunter–gatherer cooperation

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 160131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Smith ◽  
Mark Dyble ◽  
James Thompson ◽  
Katie Major ◽  
Abigail E. Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Ecological Context ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Resource Transfers ◽  
Experimental Games ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Do So

Humans regularly cooperate with non-kin, which has been theorized to require reciprocity between repeatedly interacting and trusting individuals. However, the role of repeated interactions has not previously been demonstrated in explaining real-world patterns of hunter–gatherer cooperation. Here we explore cooperation among the Agta, a population of Filipino hunter–gatherers, using data from both actual resource transfers and two experimental games across multiple camps. Patterns of cooperation vary greatly between camps and depend on socio-ecological context. Stable camps (with fewer changes in membership over time) were associated with greater reciprocal sharing, indicating that an increased likelihood of future interactions facilitates reciprocity. This is the first study reporting an association between reciprocal cooperation and hunter–gatherer band stability. Under conditions of low camp stability individuals still acquire resources from others, but do so via demand sharing (taking from others), rather than based on reciprocal considerations. Hunter–gatherer cooperation may either be characterized as reciprocity or demand sharing depending on socio-ecological conditions.

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