Yield response of restricted-tillering wheat to transient waterlogging on duplex soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Condon ◽  
F. Giunta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
South West ◽  
Relative Extent ◽  
Before And After

Transient waterlogging during winter and spring reduces wheat yield in many parts of southern Australia. Yield reductions from waterlogging are associated with reduced production and survival of tillers, fewer and smaller fertile tillers, and smaller grain size. Under favourable conditions, wheats that have the tiller-inhibition ('tin') gene produce a lower total number of tillers but a higher proportion of large, productive tillers and larger grains than wheats without this gene. These characteristics of restricted-tillering wheat may contribute to improved yield under transient waterlogging. We compared the growth and yield of the commercial variety Bodallin and 2 Bodallin backcross derivatives containing the 'tin' gene in 8 field trials grown on shallow, duplex soils in 1995 and 1996 at 3 locations in the south-west of Western Australia. Trials were sown at standard (1995) and standard and high (1996) seeding rates. Trial-mean yield ranged from 0.5 to 4.7 t/ha, depending on the occurrence and severity of waterlogging before anthesis and of soil water deficit before and after anthesis. Grain yield of the restricted-tillering (RT) lines averaged only c. 80% of Bodallin. At all sites and seeding rates the RT lines had fewer spikes per m2 (45% fewer, on average) but averaged 44% more grains per spike. In 1996 only, grain weight of the RT lines was 6% greater than of Bodallin. There was no evidence that the relative yield of the RT lines was greater at waterlogged sites than at other sites. Waterlogging reduced the number of fertile spikes of RT lines and of Bodallin to the same relative extent and differences in grains per spike and grain size had little effect on relative yields. Even though harvest index of the RT lines was slightly elevated in some environments, biomass production of the RT lines was low in all environments. We conclude that wheats with the 'tin' gene are unlikely to have a yield advantage under transient waterlogging unless their biomass production can match that of more freely tillering wheats.

Field evaluation of early vigour for genetic improvement of grain yield in wheat

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Botwright ◽  
A. G. Condon ◽  
G. J. Rebetzke ◽  
R. A. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Early Vigour

Improved early vigour in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been proposed as an important trait for increasing grain yield through greater water-use efficiency in rainfed, Mediterranean-type environments. Three years of field trials were undertaken in Western Australia at 2 sites, Merredin (low rainfall, 244 mm in the growing season) and Wongan Hills (medium rainfall, 308 mm), to examine the influence of increased early vigour on crop growth and yield. The effect of breeding for greater early vigour was tested in 1998 and 1999 using 3 high vigour and 3 low vigour BC2:F5 lines of the cultivar Amery backcrossed to a 'high vigour' donor. Averaged across environments, the high vigour backcross lines had a 10% increase in early vigour (i.e. leaf area/plant) at 50 DAS compared with the low vigour lines. Differences in yield across environments were associated with variation in total rainfall, rainfall distribution, and soil properties. In the wetter of the 2 years (1999), greater early vigour translated to increased yield of c. 12%, averaged across environments, but there was no difference in yield in either environment in the drier year (1998). Potential deleterious effects of the recurrent parent on yield were eliminated in field trials in 1999 and 2000 by manipulating early vigour through varying grain size (25, 35, or 50 mg) or seeding density (50, 200, or 400 plants/m2) of Amery at sowing. Large grain increased the embryo size and early vigour at 50 DAS in both environments in 1999. This translated to greater biomass production at anthesis and maturity to increase grain yield at Wongan Hills in 1999. In contrast, there was no relationship between grain size, biomass production, and yield at Merredin in 1999 or at either site in 2000. Sowing density treatments also had no effect on yield in 2000. In conclusion, there is potential to increase yield of wheat by selecting for greater early vigour in a wheat breeding program. The expression of vigour in field conditions and the translation of this improvement to higher yields is, however, dependent on the environment. Current yield limitations arising through backcrossing with a high vigour, yet poor yielding donor, need to be addressed.

scholarly journals Growth and yield response of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to inoculation with rhizobacteria

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Salantur ◽  
A. Ozturk ◽  
S. Akten
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Total N ◽  
Local Strains ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
N Yield

The growth and yield response of spring wheat to inoculation with foreign and local rhizobacteria of Erzurum (Turkey) origin was studied. At the first stage of the research, a greenhouse experiment was carried out with wheat cv. Kirik using 75 local bacterial strains isolated from the soil with 6 foreign bacteria, and a control. According to results of the greenhouse experiment 9 local strains were identified. At the second stage, the response of wheat cv. Kirik to 20 treatments (9 local strains, 6 foreign bacteria, 4 levels of N, and a control) was investigated in Erzurum field conditions. Seventeen strains had significant positive effects on tiller number per plant, 47 strains on plant height, one strain on dry matter yield, and 28 strains on plant protein content in the greenhouse experiment. Inoculation with certain rhizobacteria clearly benefited growth and increased the grain and N-yield of field grown wheat. The effects of local strains were observed to be in general superior to those of foreign strains. Inoculation with the local Strain No. 19, 73, and 82 increased total biomass by 18.7, 18.1, and 19.9%; grain yield by 18.6, 17.7, and 18.0%; total N-yield by 27.5, 24.3 and 26.0%, respectively, as compared to control. In conclusion, Strain No. 19, 73, and 82 can be a suitable biofertilizer for spring wheat cultivation in areas with similar conditions as in Erzurum. Inoculation with these strains may lead both to increases in wheat yield and savings of nitrogen fertilizer.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and tridemorph on mildew, growth and yield of spring barley 1975–7

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Jenkyn ◽  
M. E. Finney ◽  
G. V. Dyke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Positional Variation ◽  
N Rates

SUMMARYExperiments with spring barley in 1975–7 tested fungicides applied to control powdery mildew (tridemorph) or brown rust (benodanil) in factorial combination with six amounts of fertilizer N, applied either to the seed bed soon after sowing, as a later top dressing or half at each time.Powdery mildew was the principal leaf disease in all three years. It tended to be increased by increments of N and by applying the N late but much less consistently in the first two years, when soils were very dry for much of the growing period, than in 1977 when amounts of rain were much closer to the long-term mean. Tridemorph significantly increased the number of ears in 1975, mean number of grains per ear in 1976 and 1000-grain weight in all three years; it gave net increases in grain yield of 0·55, 0·68 and 0·41 t/ha, respectively, in 1975–7. Yield response to increasing amounts of applied N was greatly increased where mildew had been controlled by the use of tridemorph, and was better where the N had been divided into two dressings than where it had been applied as a single dose. In 1975 and 1977 the biggest responses to tridemorph were obtained with late N but in 1976 yield was increased most by tridemorph where the N had been applied to the seed bed.Analyses of samples taken in 1977 showed no significant effect of tridemorph sprays on concentrations of either N, P or K in the green crop. By contrast, analyses of grain samples in 1976 and 1977 showed that amounts of N in grain (mg N/grain) were affected by amounts of applied N and by tridemorph, and that there were interactions between these two factors. Concentrations of N in the grain (% D.M.) were also determined by the effects which these factors had on grain size. At small N rates tridemorph mostly increased grain size so that N concentrations were decreased by the fungicide. At large N rates increases in grain size where tridemorph had been applied were accompanied by increases in the N content of the grain (mg N/grain) so that N concentrations were either unaffected (1976) or were increased (1977) by the fungicide. With 90 kg/ha of applied N the fungicide increased the amount of N/ha removed in grain by over 21 % in each year. The apparent recoveries of N in these plots were increased from 66 to 81 % and from 87 to 105%, respectively, in the two years. Tridemorph had no significant effect on concentrations of P or K in the harvested grain but increased average amounts of these nutrients removed in the grain by 17 and 14%, respectively, in 1976 and by 14 and 7% respectively, in 1977.Examination of black and white, infra-red aerial photographs of the experiments showed that, in each year, the brightness of individual plot images was significantly correlated with grain yield.Complex designs without division into blocks are especially vulnerable to positional variation. Alternative methods of adjusting for such positional variation were compared in analyses of grain yields. The potential improvements in precision which might be achieved by the appropriate use of such analyses, and the difficulties of ensuring that unacceptable subjectivity and bias are not thereby introduced into the analyses, are discussed.

Influence of hydrophilic gel polymers on water relations and growth and yield of barley and canola

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Volkmar ◽  
C. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Agricultural Field

Hydrophilic super-absorbent polymers retain large amounts of plant-available moisture and have been promoted for use as soil amendments in drought-prone regions. This controlled-environment study evaluated the capacity of two commercial polymer gels, Grogel and Transorb, to mitigate the effects of recurring moderate water-deficit stress (dry-down to 50% field capacity before rewatering) on growth and yield of barley and canola. Rates of 0.03, 0.12, 0.47 and 1.87 g polymer kg−1 sandy loam soil (1, 4, 16 and 64 times the recommended commercial application rate) were tested. Plants were grown at a soil moisture content of approximately 50% of field capacity. Neither polymer was effective at the commercially recommended rate. Barley and canola grain yields were unaffected at any Grogel rate, and Transorb had no effect on barley grain yield. Grogel at the highest rate enhanced early shoot mass, mature biomass production and grain yield of barley and increased leaf RWC. Canola had greater early and late vegetative biomass, but pod yield was not increased by Grogel at any rate. Transorb was most effective at four times the recommended rate, significantly increasing tiller and fertile spike number and mature biomass production at that rate. Leaf RWC were unaffected by Transorb treatment. Grogel stimulated root growth of barley but had no effect on roots of canola. Both polymers tended to increase consumptive water use. Spatial restriction was found to drastically reduce the water retention of both polymers and limit the absorbency of both polymers in this study. The high rates of polymer required to elicit a crop yield response under relatively mild water-deficit conditions limit the value of these polymers for agricultural field use of the crop species tested. Key words: Barley, canola, drought, hydrophilic polymer, soil conditioner, water stress

Effects of Intercropping, Mulching and Staking on Growth and Yield of Tomatoes

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. O. Olasantan
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

SUMMARYThe effects of intercropping, mulching and staking on growth and yield of three tomato varieties were evaluated in four field trials in 1982 and 1983. Fruit yields of the improved varieties were significantly reduced by intercropping with okra but the yield of a local variety was unaffected. Though the yield of okra when grown with tomato varieties was less than that of a sole crop, the combined yield of the two crops in mixtures was more than the means of the species in monoculture. Relative Yield Totals (RYT) increased to maxima of about 1.42 and 1.39 when the local variety was grown with okra in 1982 and 1983 trials, respectively. Mulching and staking significantly increased vegetative growth, yield and yield components of the tomato plants. Mulched plants grew taller and had more branches and a greater number and weight of fruits than staked plants. Improved varieties responded better to mulching and staking than the local variety. Growing improved varieties of tomato in sole stands with proper mulching and staking is therefore recommended.

scholarly journals Response of timothy to increasing rates of potassium

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-178
Author(s):  
Into Saarela
Keyword(s):  
Relative Yield ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

Five potassium fertilization rates ranging from nil to 80 kg/ha/cut were compared over 2 to 3 years in field trials on timothy leys at nine sites between 61 and 65 °N. The grass was cut twice a year and the contents of nitrogen, potassium, calcium and magnesium in yields were determined. The soils were tested at the beginning and at the end of the trials. On four peat soils the yields over two years without potassium dressings were 34 to 66 % of the respective yields with adequate potassium fertilization. On humus soil the relative yield without potassium was 81 % and on fine sand soil 76 %. On two finesand tills rich inorganic matter the responce of timothy to potassium was 5 %. No significant yield response was obtained on silty clay. In accordance to the depletion of available soil reserves, the differences between the potassium rates increased with time. In average on the six most responsive soils the relative yields without potassium fertilization for the first four successive cuts were 88, 75, 58 and 45 %. For maximum yields, 60 to 80 kg/ ha potassium per cut was required on the organogenic soils and on the finesand, 20 kg/ha was enough on the other three mineral soils. The potassium contents of plants increased greatly, and the contents of nitrogen, calcium and magnesium decreased with increasing potassium fertilization rate. The magnesium content of grass rose to an unusually high level with severe potassium deficiencies. At the end of the trials the soils were quite exhausted of potassium, the subsurface layers being most exhausted. The critical plant potassium content varied from under 2 % to over 3 %. As the large variation was coupled with plant nitrogen, plant K/N ratio was a better indicator for potassium status of ley than plant K. Yield was likely to begin degreasing when the K/N ratio decreased under 1.

Phosphate availability and phosphate needs of soils under Siratro pastures as assessed by soil chemical tests

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (34) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE White ◽  
KP Haydock
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Uptake ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Phosphate Availability ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Quantity Measurement ◽  
Extraction Period ◽  
The One

In field trials covering a range of soils and environmental conditions, the variation in soil equilibrium phosphate potentialSP accounted for 86 per cent of the variation in the percentage yield response of Siratro (Phaseolus atropurpureus) to phosphorus, compared to 72 per cent accounted for by the Olsen extraction, 51 per cent by Truog's and 38 per cent by Morgan's. The Truog and Morgan extractants gave improved correlations with phosphate uptake, but all four methods were poorly correlated with phosphate concentration in the plant. For the prediction of the soil's phosphate requirement for 90 or 95 per cent of the maximum yield, the Morgan method was superior to the equilibrium potentialSP, Olsen and Truog methods, and comparable to the quantity measurement P sorbed, derived from the soil's quantity-intensity (Q/I) relation at the minimum, non-limiting solution activity of 2.2 �M P : each accounted for 67 per cent of the variation in P required for 90 per cent of the maximum yield. The precision of the extractions in estimating P required decreased as the extractant/soil ratio and the extraction period increased. Of the conventional extractants, a method could be chosen that was well correlated with either P required (Morgan's) or plant relative yield (Olsen's), but none that was well correlated with both criteria. On the other hand, the measurement: of the one Q/I relation provided intensity (equilibrium potentialSP) and quantity (P sorbed) terms for the prediction, respectively, of a soil's phosphate availability and its phosphate needs for optimum plant growth.

scholarly journals Sequential post-heading applications for controlling wheat blast: a summary of fungicide performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo Ascari ◽  
Jhonatan Paulo Barro ◽  
Flávio Martins Santana ◽  
José M.V. Pádua ◽  
João L. N. Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Uniform Field ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
The Tropics

Wheat blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae Triticum (PoT) lineage, is a major constraint to wheat production, mainly in the tropics of Brazil where severe epidemics are more frequent. We analyzed disease and wheat yield data from 42 uniform field trials conducted during nine years (2012 to 2020) in order to assess whether the percent control and yield response were influenced by fungicide type, region (tropical or subtropical), and year. Six treatments were selected, all evaluated in at least 19 trials. Two fungicides were applied as solo active ingredients: MANCozeb, and TEBUconazole, and four were premixes: AZOXistrobin + TEBU, TriFLoXistrobin + PROThioconazole, TFLX + TEBU, and PYRAclostrobin + EPOXiconazole. Percent control, calculated from back-transforming estimates by a meta-analysis network model fitted to the log of the means, ranged from 43% to 58%, with all but PYRA + EPOX showing efficacy greater than 52% on average, not differing among them. The variation in both efficacy and yield response were explained by region and all but TEBU performed better in the subtropics than in the tropics. Yield response from using three sequential sprays was around two times greater in the subtropics (319 to 532 kg/ha) than in the tropics (149 to 241.3 kg/ha). No significant decline in fungicide efficacy or yield response were observed in nine years of study for any of the fungicides. Our results reinforce the need to improve control by adopting an integrated management approach in the tropics given the poorer performance and lower profitability, especially for the premixes, than in the subtropics.

Sequential Post-heading Applications for Controlling Wheat Blast: A Nine-year Summary of Fungicide Performance in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo Paulo Ascari ◽  
Jhonatan Barro ◽  
Flávio Martins Santana ◽  
Jose Maria Villela Padua ◽  
Joao Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Uniform Field ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
The Tropics

Wheat blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae Triticum (PoT) lineage, is a major constraint to wheat production, mainly in the tropics of Brazil where severe epidemics are more frequent. We analyzed disease and wheat yield data from 42 uniform field trials conducted during nine years (2012 to 2020) in order to assess whether the percent control and yield response were influenced by fungicide type, region (tropical or subtropical), and year. Six treatments were selected, all evaluated in at least 19 trials. Two fungicides were applied as solo active ingredients: MANCozeb, and TEBUconazole, and four were premixes: AZOXystrobin + TEBU, TriFLoXystrobin + PROThioconazole, TFLX + TEBU, and PYRAclostrobin + EPOXiconazole. Percent control, calculated from back-transforming estimates by a meta-analysis network model fitted to the log of the means, ranged from 43% to 58%, with all but PYRA + EPOX showing efficacy greater than 52% on average, not differing among them. The variation in both efficacy and yield response was explained by region and all but TEBU performed better in the subtropics than in the tropics. Yield response from using three sequential sprays was around two times greater in the subtropics (319 to 532 kg/ha) than in the tropics (149 to 241.3 kg/ha). No significant decline in fungicide efficacy or yield response was observed in nine years of study for any of the fungicides. Our results reinforce the need to improve control by adopting an integrated management approach in the tropics given the poorer performance and lower profitability, especially for the premixes, than in the subtropics.

Understanding the effect of a triazole with anti-gibberellin activity on the growth and yield of oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

2009 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. BERRY ◽  
J. H. SPINK
Keyword(s):  
Root Length Density ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Average Response ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARYThe effects of the anti-gibberellin triazole metconazole on yield, lodging resistance, seeds/m2 (sink size) and rooting in the presence of negligible amounts of disease were investigated using five multi-site experiments carried out in the UK between 1999 and 2007. The green area index (GAI) of the crop at the time of application had the greatest influence on the yield response across 173 comparisons between metconazole-treated and untreated crops. Crops with a GAI in March (growth stage (GS) 3·3–3·5 ‘green bud’) of 0·8–2·8, which represented moderate to large sized UK commercial crops, had an average response of +0·21 t/ha to metconazole applied at the full recommended rate of 1·2 litres/ha. Crops with a GAI of less than 0·8, which represented small commercial crops, had an average response of −0·14 t/ha. Applications between green bud and early flowering gave the greatest yield increase. Positive yield responses were associated with a reduction in lodging, or more seeds/m2, or a combination of both. The proportional area lodged was reduced by 0·1 for each 50 mm reduction in crop height (R2=0·60; P<0·001). Across six field trials, metconazole applied in spring increased root length density between soil depths of 0·40 and 1·00 m from an average of 0·478 to 0·601 cm/cm3 (P<0·05). It was estimated that this could increase yield by 0·2–0·3 t/ha in a dry season. The results show that the growth regulatory properties of metconazole can be used to improve several key aspects of growth that are believed to restrict current farm yields.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document