Comparison of the Growth and Development of Two Selections of Guar, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub., With Contrasting Branching Patterns

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Beech ◽  
DA Charles-Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Branching Patterns ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
The Mean

Two selections of guar, C. tetragonoloba, with contrasting branching patterns were grown at two times of year at each of three plant densities. Although the efficiency with which they used intercepted light energy in the production of new dry matter did not differ between the two selections, or between the treatments, it did appear to increase during the ontogeny of the crops. The gross partitioning of new dry matter between leaves, stems and roots was similar between selections and across treatments, but there were large differences in the mean weights of stem associated with each internode, mean leaf weights and specific leaf areas of the two selections. The results of the analysis of dry matter production and partitioning are discussed in relation to the field performances of the two selections.

A Test of a Model for Light Interception by Mixtures

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Rimmington
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Additional Test ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Competition For Light

Predicted and observed data for the amount of light energy intercepted by mixtures of clover and ryegrass are compared, in an additional test of a model which relates competition for light to crop dry matter production. The closeness of predicted and observed values for light interception implies that the optical properties of the component species do not change significantly when they are grown in mixtures. If this is true, then it should be possible to predict the growth of mixtures using information about their optical properties when they are grown in monocultures.

Assessment of annual legumes for pastures in the low rainfall wheatbelt of central western New South Wales

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (82) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Scott ◽  
H Brownlee
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Annual Legumes ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Seed Yields

Dry matter production and seed yields of a range of annual legumes grown in ungrazed swards were measured between 1966 and 1971 on seven sites in the low rainfall wheatbelt of central western New South Wales. Jemalong and Hannaford barrel medics (Medicago truncatula) were the highest yielding medic cultivars tested. Jemalong medic was slightly superior to Hannaford in dry matter production but seed yields were equal. The short season subterranean clovers (Trifolium subterraneum), Dwalganup and Geraldton, yielded much less dry matter and seed than the medics in most experiments. Although the mid-season subterranean clovers, Woogenellup and Clare, persisted for the duration of our experiments, their production was not as consistent as that of the medics, and plant densities decreased. The rose clovers (T. hirtum), Sirint and Kondinin, the cupped clovers (T. cherleri), Beenong and Yamina, and Snail (M. scutellata) and Paragosa (M. rugosa) medics did not produce satisfactory swards.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and energy balance of a short-rotation poplar forest system.

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. van Veen ◽  
H. Breteler ◽  
J.J. Olie ◽  
M.J. Frissel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
The Mean

The mean annual dry matter production of a short-rotation poplar forest in the Netherlands was 14.4 tonnes ha-1 during a 5-year growing period. During the growing period trees took up 542 kg N ha-1 of which 64 % was in the bole and branches. In the 5th year denitrification was measured in undisturbed columns in the field by the acetylene-inhibition technique. An annual denitrification rate of 18 kg N ha-1 was estimated on the basis of the observed N2O profile. The system needed an annual input of 122 kg N ha-1 to balance the nitrogen budget. The energy balance showed that at the present dry matter production the system had a net output of 54 GJ ha-1 year-1. An increase in dry matter production to a maximum of 25 tonnes ha-1 year-1, possible by planting the trees at a higher density, would raise the net energy output to 97 GJ ha-1 year-1, in spite of higher energy inputs associated with fertilizer applications. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Strawberry Growth and Development in an Annual Plasticulture System

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1219-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina E. Fernandez ◽  
Laura M. Butler ◽  
Frank J. Louws
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Matter Production

The growth and development of three strawberry cultivars commonly grown in a plasticulture system were documented. Strawberry plants were harvested monthly and divided by roots, crown, leaves, flowers, and fruit and then dried in an oven. The dry matter production and resource allocation proceeded along a predictable pattern of development. The establishment phase was characterized by an active period of growth of root, crown and leaves in the fall. Through the winter, the plants underwent slow growth, ending in a transition period in the late winter/early spring when resources were allocated to both vegetative and reproductive growth. In the spring, all plant parts received significantly increased allocation of, or redistribution of, resources. Cultivars of California origin, `Chandler' and `Camarosa', displayed similar trends in yield, dry matter production, seasonal resource allocation, and growth analysis variables throughout the season. `Sweet Charlie', a cultivar from Florida, showed lower dry matter accumulation and relative growth rate in the spring, higher harvest index and lower yield than the California cultivars.

scholarly journals Responses of Young Tea (Camellia sinensis) Clones to Drought and Temperature. II. Dry Matter Production and Partitioning

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Burgess ◽  
M. K. V. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Radiation Use

SUMMARYThe physiological basis for differences in yields from well-watered and draughted plants of four contrasting clones of tea was studied in terms of light interception, dry matter production and partitioning at a high altitude site in Southern Tanzania where there are marked seasonal variations in rainfall and temperature. The plant dry weights, including roots, were measured eight months after field planting and subsequently at intervals of three to four months, corresponding to the different seasons, during the following two years. Fully irrigated plants of one clone (S15/10) were also harvested after four years in the field. Clones differed in the rates of canopy spread and hence in their capacity to intercept solar radiation. The ‘radiation use efficiency’ (the net total dry matter production per unit of intercepted short-wave radiation) was similar for the four well-watered clones and ranged from 0.40 to 0.66 g MJ−1, which corresponds closely to values reported for other woody tropical plants. A 16-week drought treatment imposed two years after planting reduced the mean light interception of the four clones by about 25% and the mean radiation use efficiency by 78% to 0.09 g MJ−1. Clone S15/10, a cultivar from Kenya which produces large yields, partitioned a greater proportion of dry matter to leaves and harvested shoots than the other clones, and correspondingly less to large structural roots. This resulted in a maximum harvest index of 24%, substantially greater than other values reported in the literature. There were seasonal differences in partitioning, with more dry matter being diverted to roots and less to shoots during the cool season. Although the drought treatments had no significant effect on root growth, the amount of dry matter partitioned to leaves, stems and harvested shoots declined by 80–95%. The roots of all four clones extended in depth at similar rates (about 2 mm d−1), those of Clone S15/10 reaching 2.8m after four years. The results are discussed in terms of appropriate field cultural practices and possible selection criteria for high yielding clones.

An analysis of the growth of mung beans at a range of plant densities in tropical Australia. I. Dry matter production

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Muchow ◽  
DA Charles-Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Light Utilization ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Tropical Australia ◽  
Photosynthetic Activities

An experiment was conducted during the wet season in monsoonal tropical Australia to determine (a) whether plant density affected above-ground dry matter production of Vigna vadiata cv. Berken and, if so, what those effects could be attributed to, and (b) if there were differences between V. vadiata cvv. Berken and CES-ID-21 and V, mungo cv. Regur in their efficiencies of utilization of incident light energy for the production of dry matter. Differences in above-ground dry matter production of the Berken crops growing at three different plant densities could be attributed primarily to the different times taken by them to reach full light interception. In contrast, differences in above-ground dry matter production between species and cultivars were due to differences in both their efficiencies of light utilization and the amounts of light intercepted by them. Further measurements are required to determine whether the observed differences in light utilization efficiencies are attributable to differences in potential photosynthetic activities or to differences in partitioning of dry matter between root and shoot.

A Model of the Effect of Interspecies Competition for Light on Dry-Matter Production

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Rimmington
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Interspecies Competition ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Absorption Of Light ◽  
Competition For Light

A model of the effect of interspecies competition for light on the daily dry-matter production of competing species is developed. It describes the absorption of light by the component species, accounting for their different optical properties. Absorption equations are formulated from the principle of conservation of light energy within a unit-leaf-area-index of canopy, and the integral of absorbed light energy is then used to calculate the rate of dry-matter production of each component species. This model proved useful for the analysis of data from experiments in which New Zealand white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were grown in mixtures. Application of the model enabled the proportion of incident light energy absorbed by each component to be estimated and unambiguous differentiation between the amount of light energy absorbed and the efficiency of use of the absorbed light energy.

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