Nitrogen and energy balance of a short-rotation poplar forest system.

Two selections of guar, C. tetragonoloba, with contrasting branching patterns were grown at two times of year at each of three plant densities. Although the efficiency with which they used intercepted light energy in the production of new dry matter did not differ between the two selections, or between the treatments, it did appear to increase during the ontogeny of the crops. The gross partitioning of new dry matter between leaves, stems and roots was similar between selections and across treatments, but there were large differences in the mean weights of stem associated with each internode, mean leaf weights and specific leaf areas of the two selections. The results of the analysis of dry matter production and partitioning are discussed in relation to the field performances of the two selections.

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Responses of Young Tea (Camellia sinensis) Clones to Drought and Temperature. II. Dry Matter Production and Partitioning

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700001472 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 377-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

P. J. Burgess ◽

M. K. V. Carr

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Light Interception ◽

Radiation Use Efficiency ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Wave Radiation ◽

Physiological Basis ◽

Matter Production ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

The Mean ◽

Radiation Use

SUMMARYThe physiological basis for differences in yields from well-watered and draughted plants of four contrasting clones of tea was studied in terms of light interception, dry matter production and partitioning at a high altitude site in Southern Tanzania where there are marked seasonal variations in rainfall and temperature. The plant dry weights, including roots, were measured eight months after field planting and subsequently at intervals of three to four months, corresponding to the different seasons, during the following two years. Fully irrigated plants of one clone (S15/10) were also harvested after four years in the field. Clones differed in the rates of canopy spread and hence in their capacity to intercept solar radiation. The ‘radiation use efficiency’ (the net total dry matter production per unit of intercepted short-wave radiation) was similar for the four well-watered clones and ranged from 0.40 to 0.66 g MJ−1, which corresponds closely to values reported for other woody tropical plants. A 16-week drought treatment imposed two years after planting reduced the mean light interception of the four clones by about 25% and the mean radiation use efficiency by 78% to 0.09 g MJ−1. Clone S15/10, a cultivar from Kenya which produces large yields, partitioned a greater proportion of dry matter to leaves and harvested shoots than the other clones, and correspondingly less to large structural roots. This resulted in a maximum harvest index of 24%, substantially greater than other values reported in the literature. There were seasonal differences in partitioning, with more dry matter being diverted to roots and less to shoots during the cool season. Although the drought treatments had no significant effect on root growth, the amount of dry matter partitioned to leaves, stems and harvested shoots declined by 80–95%. The roots of all four clones extended in depth at similar rates (about 2 mm d−1), those of Clone S15/10 reaching 2.8m after four years. The results are discussed in terms of appropriate field cultural practices and possible selection criteria for high yielding clones.

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Bio-energetics of black gram (Phaseolus mungo) as influenced by different weed control practices

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.15740/has/ijas/17-aaebssd/105-109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (AAEBSSD) ◽

pp. 105-109

Author(s):

K. D. Rajput ◽

J. P. Bholane ◽

A.S. Latkar ◽

V.M. Bhale

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Weed Control ◽

Minimum Energy ◽

Field Investigation ◽

Maximum Energy ◽

Energy Output ◽

Net Energy ◽

Black Gram ◽

Energy Inputs ◽

Input Ratio

A field investigation was carried out during kharif season in 2010 at Agronomy Department Farm,Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, to evaluate the energy inputs, energy output, net energy gain and output input ratio of different weed control practices in black gram. It is observed that in herbicidal treatments, pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg/ha followed by cultural treatment of two hand weedings at 15 and 30 days after sowing recorded more energy inputs, while weedy check treatment incurred minimum energy input among all the treatments. Whereas, weed free treatment computed maximum energy output and energy balance followed by pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg/ha treatment. Similarly weed free and post emergence application (15 DAS) of fenoxyprop-p-ethyl @ 0.125 kg/ha were resulted in higher energy balance per unit input and output-input ratio than weedy check treatment.

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EVALUATION OF DRY MATTER PRODUCTION OF MISCANTHUS SINENSIS (TATAI) IN THE CONDITIONS OF SOUTH-WESTERN SLOVAKIA

Acta Regionalia et Environmentalica ◽

10.2478/aree-2013-0012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 55-58

Author(s):

Martin Prčík ◽

Marián Kotrla

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Miscanthus Sinensis ◽

Aboveground Phytomass ◽

Growing Period ◽

The Third ◽

Matter Production ◽

Number Of Stems ◽

Total Dry Weight

Abstract In this paper, we present the results of research of phytomass production allocated to aboveground organs, leaves and stalks, after the third growing year. The research was conducted in the field experiment conditions of Farm holding in Kolíňany. The results of the aboveground dry matter production are expressed in tonnes of dry weight produced on the area of one hectare (t.ha-1). The total dry weight of the aboveground biomass was 6.89 t.ha-1 at the end of the first growing year 2010. In the growing year 2011, it reached 15.21 t.ha-1 (an increase by 121 %.) The total dry weight of the aboveground phytomass increased by 37% compared to 2011, and it reached 20.82 t.ha-1 in the third growing year (2012). The increase of phytomass is directly proportional to off shoot circle. Average off shoot circle of individuals in the first growing year was 300 mm and the average number of stems produced in a clump was 37.60. In 2011, the average off shoot circle of individuals was 502 mm and there were 43.73 stems created in a clump. In the third growing period of 2013, the extension of the off shoot circle by 113.7% (641 mm) was registered in comparison with 2010 and the amount of 80.19 stems per clump was recorded.

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Extraction/export of nutrients in Opuntia ficus-indica under different spacings and chemical fertilizers

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n3p236-242 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 236-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

João A. da Silva ◽

Sérgio L. R. Donato ◽

Paulo E. R. Donato ◽

Evilasio dos S. Souza ◽

Milton C. Padilha Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Chemical Fertilizers ◽

Cactus Pear ◽

Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

The Mean

ABSTRACT This work aimed to evaluate extraction/ export of nutrients and dry matter production in the 'Gigante' cactus pear, grown in different spacings and fertilizations 620 days after planting. Twelve combination of treatments were used consisting of: three spacings - 1.00 x 0.50; 2.00 x 0.25; and 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m, and four fertilizations - 000-000-000; 000-150-000; 200-150-000; and 200-150-100, kg ha-1, of N, P2O5 and K2O, in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme in a randomized block design, with three replicates. Extraction/export of N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, B, Fe, Mn, Zn, Na and Cu were determined and the means were 304.35; 18.81; 421.04; 62.35; 464.63; 215.77; 0.39; 0.81; 23.74; 1.11; 0.62 and 0.08 kg ha-1, besides the mean dry matter production of 17.11 Mg ha-1. There were significant interactions for extraction/export of Mg and dry matter production. The fertilizations used were insufficient to meet the demand of N, K, Ca, Mg, S and micronutrients. Fertilization increased the extraction of nutrients, particularly N, P and S at the spacing of 1.00 x 0.50 m, and increased dry matter production. The decreasing order of extraction/export was Ca, K, N, Mg, S and P for macronutrients and Mn, Zn, Fe, Na, B and Cu for micronutrients.

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Responses of Young Tea (Camellia sinensis) Clones to Drought and Temperature. II. Dry Matter Production and Partitioning

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700003756 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 377-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P. J. Burgess ◽

M. K. V. Carr

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Light Interception ◽

Radiation Use Efficiency ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Wave Radiation ◽

Physiological Basis ◽

Matter Production ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

The Mean ◽

Radiation Use

SUMMARYThe physiological basis for differences in yields from well-watered and draughted plants of four contrasting clones of tea was studied in terms of light interception, dry matter production and partitioning at a high altitude site in Southern Tanzania where there are marked seasonal variations in rainfall and temperature. The plant dry weights, including roots, were measured eight months after field planting and subsequently at intervals of three to four months, corresponding to the different seasons, during the following two years. Fully irrigated plants of one clone (S15/10) were also harvested after four years in the field. Clones differed in the rates of canopy spread and hence in their capacity to intercept solar radiation. The ‘radiation use efficiency’ (the net total dry matter production per unit of intercepted short-wave radiation) was similar for the four well-watered clones and ranged from 0.40 to 0.66 g MJ−1, which corresponds closely to values reported for other woody tropical plants. A 16-week drought treatment imposed two years after planting reduced the mean light interception of the four clones by about 25% and the mean radiation use efficiency by 78% to 0.09 g MJ−1. Clone S15/10, a cultivar from Kenya which produces large yields, partitioned a greater proportion of dry matter to leaves and harvested shoots than the other clones, and correspondingly less to large structural roots. This resulted in a maximum harvest index of 24%, substantially greater than other values reported in the literature. There were seasonal differences in partitioning, with more dry matter being diverted to roots and less to shoots during the cool season. Although the drought treatments had no significant effect on root growth, the amount of dry matter partitioned to leaves, stems and harvested shoots declined by 80–95%. The roots of all four clones extended in depth at similar rates (about 2 mm d−1), those of Clone S15/10 reaching 2.8m after four years. The results are discussed in terms of appropriate field cultural practices and possible selection criteria for high yielding clones.

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Establecimiento y producción de raigrás y tréboles en dos regiones del trópico alto colombiano

Agronomía Mesoamericana ◽

10.15517/ma.v29i1.28077 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 177

Author(s):

Juan De Jesús Vargas- Martínez ◽

Andrea Sierra-Alarcón ◽

Juan Benavidez-Cruz ◽

Yesid Avellaneda-Avellaneda ◽

Claudia Ariza-Nieto

Keyword(s):

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Net Energy ◽

Matter Production ◽

Dairy Systems

Colombian dairy systems are based on grasslands; therefore, it is necessary to define forages response under different environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the establishment and production of five perennial ryegrass and three clovers into two regions of Colombian highlands (Tuta, Boyacá and Mosquera, Cundinamarca). Three 8 m2 plots of each species were established. Establishment variables were evaluated twice a month during the initial five months. The variables of production and nutritional quality were evaluated in rainy (April and May) and drought (June and July) season. The variables were analyzed through a randomized complete block with repeated measures, between November 2015 and July 2016. During the establishment period, ryegrass and clovers coverage and adaptation degree were greater between the days 45 and 60, and 105 and 150, in Tuta and Mosquera, respectively. Maturity increase reduced the lactation net energy (between 7% and 15%) and increased the daily dry matter production per hectare (between 20 and 78 kg). Evaluation day presented a greater influence regarding the variety and the rainy season on the evaluated establishment and regarding the production variables in ryegrass and clover forages, in the Colombian highlands.

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