Biogeographic congruence in the South Pacific

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Seberg
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Classical Problem ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
General Area ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Ever since J. D. Hooker's famous 'Introductory Essay' to Flora NOVE-Zelandise, a classical problem in biogeography has been to give a casual explanation of southern hemisphere distribution patterns. An attempt is made to see whether the cladograms for the circum-Pacific areas (South America, New Zealand, Tasmania and Australia) are congruent. The area cladograms are derived from Nothofagus (Fagacae), Embothriinae (Protaceae), Oreobolus (Cyperaceae), Cyttaria (Helotiales) and Eriococcidae (Homoptera). The resulting general area cladogram showing southern South America as the sister-area to New Zealand, south-eastern Australia and Tasmania, and Tasmania plus south-eastern Australia as sister-areas to New Zealand are compared with different geological hypotheses for the area. The biological area cladogram is shown to be congruent with widely different geological hypotheses.

The genusMycoblastusin the cool temperate Southern Hemisphere, with special reference to Tasmania

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gintaras KANTVILAS
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Campbell Island ◽  
South Eastern Australia

AbstractThe genusMycoblastusin cool temperate latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere is reviewed. Eight species are treated in detail:M. bryophilusImshaug ex Kantvilas sp. nov., from Campbell Island and Tasmania;M. campbellianus(Nyl.) Zahlbr.,M. coniophorus(Elix & A.W. Archer) Kantvilas & Elix comb. nov. andM. dissimulans(Nyl.) Zahlbr., all widespread across the austral region;M. disporus(C. Knight) Kantvilas comb. nov., from New Zealand and Tasmania;M. kalioruberKantvilas sp. nov, from Tasmania;M. sanguinarioidesKantvilas sp. nov., from Tasmania and south-eastern Australia; andM. leprarioidesKantvilas & Elix sp. nov., from south-eastern Australia (Victoria). Notes are provided on many other species ofMycoblastus, including those recognised for the Northern Hemisphere, and those originally described from austral regions but now excluded from the genus. Major characters of the genus are discussed, including thallus morphology and chemistry, apothecial pigments and ascus structure. It is suggested that the genus is heterogeneous and that some of its closest affinities may lie with the familyMegalariaceaeand the genusJapewia.

The New Zealand lichen Pannaria leproloma (Nyl.) P. M. Jørg. and its panaustral relative P. farinosa nom. nov.

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arve ELVEBAKK ◽  
Janne FRITT-RASMUSSEN ◽  
John A. ELIX
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
South Eastern

Abstract:Pannaria leproloma is shown to be a New Zealand endemic, and is characterized by coarse isidiomorphs/isidia, a high frequency of apothecia and the presence of two cytotoxic scabrosin esters, previously unknown from Pannariaceae, and present in 40 of the samples studied. It is not a member of the Pannaria sphinctrina group, as previously thought. It has frequently been confused with a related, finely sorediate, very sparingly fertile species, which lacks scabrosin esters in more than 99 of the specimens studied. This latter species is widely distributed both in southern South America (where it is one of the most common corticolous lichens), south-eastern areas of Australia and in New Zealand. It was originally described as Psoroma isidiosum, but had to be renamed when transferred to Pannaria, and is here named Pannaria farinosa.

Fishes of the family Prototroctidae (Salmoniformes)

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM McDowall
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Gill Rakers ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lateral Scale ◽  
South Eastern Australia

The family Prototroctidae, the genus Prototroctes, and the two contained species-P. oxyrhynchus Gunther, 1870 (New Zealand) and P. maraena Gunther 1864 (south-eastern Australia and Tasmania) are described. P. oxyvhynchus is distinguished from P. maraena by much higher counts of lateral scale rows, vertebrae and gill rakers. What is known of the natural history of Prototroctes is reviewed. P. oxyvhynchus is extinct and P. maraena now rare; reasons for the decline of these species are discussed.

Australasian truffle-like fungi. X. Gymnopaxillus (Basidiomycota, Austropaxillaceae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Claridge ◽  
James M. Trappe ◽  
Michael A. Castellano
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Generic Description ◽  
South Eastern Australia

The genus Gymnopaxillus, previously known only from Chile and Argentina, has been found in south-eastern Australia. Two new species, G. nudus and G. vestitus, are described, and the generic description is emended to include hypogeous species with bilaterally symmetric spores and a peridium. Gymnopaxillus spp. are characterised by a yellow to golden-brown, bright cinnamon or ferruginous, loculate, columella-bearing gleba containing boletoid spores that appear vivid golden-yellow in KOH. Molecular phylogeny indicates that the genus is related to the Southern Hemisphere ectomycorrhizal genus Austropaxillus rather than to Paxillus and is placed in the Austropaxillaceae.

Amylostereum areolatum.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
North Africa ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
The Usa

Abstract A. areolatum is a basidiomycete that causes a white rot of a broad range of conifers. Its invasiveness arises from a symbiotic association with woodwasps of the genus Sirex. The species Sirexnoctilio is listed as "highly invasive" on the ISSG/IUCN website (ISSG, 2008) and is a Regulated Pest for the USA (APHIS, 2009a). The wasp and the fungus are native to Europe, North Africa and western Asia where their damage is considered secondary (Spradbery and Kirk, 1978). Introduced to areas of the Southern Hemisphere where exotic pine species are grown in plantations, these organisms have caused major losses. The insect invaded New Zealand by at least 1900, but did not cause serious concern until the 1940s (Talbot, 1977). It later spread to Tasmania and the southern parts of Australia and the wasp/fungus association was introduced into southern South America, beginning in Uruguay in 1980 (Ciesla, 2003). Invasion of South Africa occurred in 1994 (Tribe, 1995). Woodwasps are repeatedly detected in material imported to the USA, but were successfully excluded until 2004 (Wilson et al., 2009). The wasp and fungus were later found in nearby Canada (Ontario), although apparently due to a separate introduction (Bergeron et al., 2008; Wilson et al., 2009). Recent surveys found the wasp in four states of the USA (Evans-Goldner and Bunce, 2009) and 25 counties of Ontario in Canada (Shields, 2009). Schiff (2008) summarizes differences in complexity of the ecological situations in the Southern Hemisphere countries and North America that could affect spread and impact of the fungus and wasp.

Morphological evaluation of the Drosera peltata complex (Droseraceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gibson ◽  
Barry J. Conn ◽  
Jeremy J. Bruhl
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
Granite Outcrops ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
South Eastern Australia

A phenetic study of morphological characters of the Drosera peltata complex (Droseraceae) supports the recognition of the following taxa: D. peltata from wetlands of south-eastern Australia; D. auriculata from south-eastern Australia and New Zealand; the morphologically variable D. hookeri from south-eastern Australia and northern New Zealand; the widespread D. lunata from southern and South-East Asia, as well as northern and north-eastern Australia; and the new species D. yilgarnensis R.P.Gibson & B.J.Conn is here described, from around granite outcrops of south-western Australia. D. bicolor from south-western Australia is recognised as a distinct species outside of the D. peltata complex. D. insolita, considered until recently as a distinct species, is reduced to synonymy of D. lunata. Phenotypic plasticity, vegetative similarity and fleetingly produced diagnostic floral and seed characters within the complex pose significant challenges in understanding the taxonomy of these taxa.

Nivicolous myxomycetes from alpine areas of south-eastern Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Stephenson ◽  
John D. L. Shadwick
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Nivicolous myxomycetes were collected from alpine areas of south-eastern Australia during the period of middle to late October 2004. Most collections came from the high-elevation area around Mount Kosciuszko, the highest peak on the continent at 2228 m, in the Snowy Mountains of New South Wales, and additional collections were obtained from two areas, Mount Buller and Mount Hotham, in the Victorian Alps of northern Victoria. Approximately 300 collections were obtained during a period of 2 weeks, including species such as Diderma alpinum, Didymium dubium, Lamproderma ovoideum, Physarum albescens and P. alpinum, not previously known to occur in mainland Australia. Lamproderma maculatum and L. zonatum were collected for the first time in the southern hemisphere, and another species of Lamproderma was described as new to science in a previous paper. In contrast to most other areas of the world where nivicolous myxomycetes have been studied, species of Diderma have been represented poorly among the collections from Australia.

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