Uncinula adunca. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Heluta
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
European Part ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
South Sakhalin

Abstract A description is provided for Uncinula adunca. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Powdery mildew of different members of the Salicaceae. Mycelium, conidiophores, conidia and ascomata form first white, then dirty-grey layers on damaged leaves of the host. When infection levels are high, the plants may lose their ornamental qualities. HOSTS: Chosenia arbutifolia (C. macrolepis), Populus × acuminata (P. angustii × sargentii), P. alba, P. angulatus, P. angustifolia, P. balsamifera, P. × berolinensis (P. italica × laurifolia), P. candicans, P. canescens (P. alba × tremula, P. × hybrida), P. ciliata, P. davidiana, P. deltoides (P. × canadensis, P. virginiana auct.), P. fremontii, P. gileadensis (P. candicans), P. grandidentata, P. heterophylla, P. italica (P. pyramidalis), P. koreana, P. laurifolia, P. mandschurica, P. maximowiczii, P. melanocarpa, P. monilifera, P. nigra, P. sibirica, P. sieboldii, P. simonii, P. suaveolens, P. talassica, P. tremula, P. tremuloides, P. trichocarpa, P. virginica, Salix abscondita (S. floderusii, S. raddeana), S. acutifolia, S. aegyptiaca (S. phlomoides), S. alaxensis, S. alba, S. alopechroa, S. amygdaloides, S. appendiculata (S. grandifolia), S. argentea, S. atrocinerea, S. aurita, S. aurita × cinerea, S. aurita × phylicifolia, S. aurita × starkeana, S. babylonica (S. matsudana), S. bebbiana (S. xerophila), S. bonplandiana, S. brachypoda, S. caprea (S. bakko, S. hultenii), S. caprea × cinerea, S. caprea × myrsinifolia, S. caprea × silesiaca, S. caprea × viminalis (S. lanceolata, S. smithiana), S. cardiophylla (S. maximowiczii), S. caspica, S. cinerea, S. cinerea × myrsinifolia, S. cinerea × silesiaca, S. cinerea × viminalis, S. cordata, S. daiseniensis, S. daphnoides, S. dasyclados, S. discolor, S. elaeagnos (S. incana), S. excelsa, S. exigua, S. falcata, S. flavescens, S. fragilis, S. futura, S. gigantea, S. gilgiana (S. gymnolepis), S. glauca (S. glaucops), S. glaucophylla, S. glaucophylloides, S. gracilistyla (S. thunbergiana), S. grandifolia, S. hastata (S. barclayi), S. hegetschweileri, S. humilis, S. integra, S. interior (S. longifolia), S. jaspidea, S. jenisseensis (S. viridula), S. jenisseensis × viminalis, S. koriyanagi, S. laevigiata, S. lasiandra, S. lasiolepis, S. livescens, S. lucida, S. missouriensis, S. mixta, S. miyabeana (S. dahurica), S. × mollissima (S. triandra × viminalis), S. monochroma, S. multinervis, S. myrsinifolia (S. nigricans), S. myrsinifolia × aurita, S. myrsinifolia × phylicifolia, S. myrsinites, S. myrtillifolia, S. myrtilloides, S. nigra, S. pedicellaris, S. pellita, S. pentandra, S. petiolaris, S. phanera, S. phylicifolia, S. pierotii (S. koreensis), S. planifolia, S. pseudocordata, S. pseudomedemii, S. purpurea, S. purpurea × viminalis, S. pyrifolia (S. balsamifera), S. pyrolifolia, S. repens, S. reticulata, S. rigida, S. rorida (S. lackschewitziana), S. rosmarinifolia (S. sibirica), S. rostrata, S. × rubens, S. × rubra (S. purpurea × viminalis), S. sachalinensis, S. schwerinii, S. scouleriana, S. sericea, S. serrulatifolia, S. sieboldiana, S. silesiaca, S. sitchensis, S. spinosa, S. starkeana (S. depressa, S. livida), S. starkeana × glauca, S. × subcaprea (S. caprea × silesiaca), S. taraikensis, S. tetrasperma, S. triandra (S. amygdalina), S. udensis (S. siuzewii), S. viminalis (S. gmelinii, S. serotina), S. vulpina, S. wallichiana, Toisusu urbaniana. [Type host - Populus cf. nigra] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt, Morocco. Asia (temperate areas only): Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Republic of Georgia, India, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Korea, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia (north Caucasus; southern part of Russian far east up to Magadan Oblast' including south Sakhalin and Kamchatka; all southern Siberia from Altai and Transbaikal region to Yakutia, up to Vilyuisk), Tadzhikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Russia (practically all the European part), Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey (European part), Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. North America: Canada, USA (including Alaska). TRANSMISSION: By wind-dispersed conidia. The rôle of ascospores in disease transmission is unknown, although it has been supposed that they can cause the initial stage of the disease. In addition, ascomata of Uncinula adunca can become tangled to form patches which are then dispersed by rain or wind.

Microsphaera palczewskii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Heluta
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Far East ◽  
European Part ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Caragana Arborescens

Abstract A description is provided for Microsphaera palczewskii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Powdery mildew of ornamental plants. Mycelium, conidiophores, conidia and ascomata form a covering of damaged green parts of the host which is first white, then dirty-grey. Infected part lose their shape. If infection levels are high, the plants may lose their ornamental qualities. HOSTS: Caragana arborescens, C. boisii, C. brevispina, C. decorticans, C. fruticosa, C. manchurica, C. microphylla, C. mollis, C. spinosa, C. ussuriensis, Robinia pseudacacia. [Type species - Caragana arborescens] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (temperate areas only): China, Kazakhstan, Russia (Altai, Russian far east, southern Siberia), Turkmenistan. Europe (introduced): Belarus, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Rumania, Russia (European part), Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine. TRANSMISSION: By wind-dispersed conidia. The rôle of ascospores in disease transmission is unknown, although it has been supposed that they can cause the initial stage of the disease. Infection can however also be through colonies surviving in host buds.

Microsphaera sparsa. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Heluta
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
European Part ◽  
Initial Stage

Abstract A description is provided for Microsphaera sparsa. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Powdery mildew of Viburnum species only. Mycelium, conidiophores and conidia can develop visibly only on the upper surface of leaves, but damage is usually not substantial and the ornamental quality of plants is rarely significantly harmed. HOSTS: Viburnum acerifolium, V. affine, V. alnifolium, V. cassinoides, V. cotinifolium, V. dentatum, V. dilatatum, V. erosum, V. foetidum, V. lentago, V. opulus, V. opulus var. americanum (V. trilobum), V. phlebotrichum, V. plicatum, V. prunifolium, V. pubescens, V. rafinesquianum, V. rufidulum, V. sargentii, V. scabrellum, V. sieboldii, V. trilobum, V. tinus, V. wrightii. [Type host - Viburnum lentago] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (temperate areas only): China, Republic of Georgia, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia (Altai, Russian far east, North Osetia, western Siberia). Australasia: New Zealand (introduced). Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Rumania, Russia (European part), Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey (European part), Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. North America: Canada, USA. TRANSMISSION: By wind-dispersed conidia. The rôle of ascospores in disease transmission is unknown, although it has been supposed that they can cause the initial stage of the disease.

Arthrocladiella mougeotii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Heluta
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
High Infection

Abstract A description is provided for Arthrocladiella mougeotii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Powdery mildew of Lycium species only. The mycelium, conidiophores, conidia and ascomata form first white, then dirty-grey patches on damaged green parts of the host. Infected parts are deformed slightly and, in cases of high infection, plants can lose their ornamental qualities. Damaged leaves can fall prematurely. HOSTS: Lycium barbarum (= L. europaeum), L. chinense, L. dasystemum, L. halimifolium, L. ovatum, L. potaninii, L. rhombifolium, L. ruthenicum. [Type host - Lycium barbarum] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Canary Islands. Asia (temperate areas only): Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Republic of Georgia, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Korea, Russia (Russian far east), Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Australasia: New Zealand (introduced). Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Rumania, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine (southern), former Yugoslavia. North America: USA (introduced). TRANSMISSION: By wind-dispersed conidia. The rôle of ascospores in disease transmission is unknown, although it has been supposed that they can cause the initial stage of the disease.

Podosphaera myrtillina. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Heluta
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Moscow Oblast ◽  
East Siberia ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Oxycoccus Palustris ◽  
Host Development

Abstract A description is provided for Podosphaera myrtillina. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Powdery mildew of plants belonging to the Vacciniaceae only. Infected plants usualy change colour, Ascomata form a brown layer on damaged green parts of host. Development of the disease can by epiphytotic, in which case the crop of berries can be significantly reduced. HOSTS: Arctostaphylos alpina (?), Ledum groenlandicum (?), Vaccinium angustifolium (V. pennsylvanicum), V. × intermedium (V. myrtillus × vitis-idaea), V. membranaceum, V. myrtillus, V. oxycoccos (Oxycoccus palustris, O. quadripetalus), V. uliginosum, V. vitis-idaea. [Type species - Vaccinium myrtillus] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (temperate areas only): Republic of Georgia, Russia (all Russian far east including Kamchatka; west, south and east Siberia including Yakutia). Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greenland, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Rumania, Russia (western and northwestern areas of European part, Moscow oblast'), Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. North America: Canada, USA (including Alaska). TRANSMISSION: Probably by wind-dispersed conidia. The rôle of ascospores in disease transmission is unknown, although it has been supposed that they can cause the initial stage of the disease. Infection can also, however, occur from colonies surviving in host buds. In addition, ascomata of Podosphaera myrtillina, especially of var. major, intertwine their appendages to form clusters which are dispersed by rain or wind.

Erysiphe convolvuli. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Heluta
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
European Part ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Almost All

Abstract A description is provided for Erysiphe convolvuli. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Powdery mildew of members of the Convolvulaceae only. Mycelium, conidiophores, conidia and ascomata form first white, then dirty-grey layers on damaged leaves. Erysiphe convolvuli can be used as an agent of biocontrol against any Convolvulus species which are malicious weeds. HOSTS: Calystegia hederacea, C. sepium, C. silvatica, C. soldanella, Convolvulus althaeoides, C. ammanii, C. arvensis, C. askabadensis (incl. C. pseudocantabrica), C. divaricatus, C. fruticosus, C. galaticus, C. hamadae, C. hirsutus, C. lineatus, C. pilosellaefolius, C. sagittaefolius, C. scammonia, C. siculus, C. subhirsutus, C. tricolor, Ipomoea batatas (?), I. cymosa (?). [Type host - Convolvulus arvensis] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Canary Islands, Egypt, Libya, Morocco. Asia (temperate areas only): Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Cyprus, Republic of Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Korea, Lebanon, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia (north Caucasus, south and southwest Siberia), Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Europe (almost all): Austria, Bulgaria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Russia (European part), Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey (European part), UK, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. North America (introduced). South America: Argentina, Brazil (introduced). TRANSMISSION: By wind-dispersed conidia. The rôle of ascospores in disease transmission is unknown, although it has been supposed that they can cause the initial stage of the disease.

Leveillula cylindrospora. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Heluta
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
European Part ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
South Urals ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Beta Maritima ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
South Siberia

Abstract A description is provided for Leveillula cylindrospora. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Powdery mildew of members of the Chenopodiaceae. Mycelium and ascomata form white, then dirty-grey layers on damaged green parts of the host. The fungus is potentially dangerous for some cultivated plants, for example, beet. Records from Italy and Corsica identified as Leveillula taurica s.l. on Beta maritima (Amano, 1986) probably belong in L. cylindrospora. HOSTS: Atriplex halimus, A. sphaeromorpha, A. tatarica, A. turcomanica, Ceratoides fruticulosa, C. papposa, Chenopodium album, C. ambrosioides, C. anthelminticum, C. murale, C. rubrum, Corispermum hyssopifolium, Kochia prostrata, K. scoparia, K. sieversiana, Noaea mucronata, Salsola arbuscula, S. australis (incl. S. iberica & S. ruthenica), S. canescens, S. kali, S. laricifolia, S. paletzkiana, S. richteri, S. soda, S. tamamschjanae (Chenopodiaceae). [Type host - Ceratoides papposa (Eurotia ceratoides)] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Canary Islands, Morocco. Asia (temperate areas only): Azerbaijan, Armenia, China, Republic of Georgia, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan, Korea, Lebanon, Pakistan, Russia (north Caucasus, south Siberia), Tadzhikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Europe: France, Italy, Portugal, Rumania, Russia (southeastern areas of European part, south Urals), Spain, Turkey (European part), Ukraine (southern). TRANSMISSION: By wind-dispersed conidia. The rôle of ascospores in disease transmission is unknown, although it has been supposed that they can cause the initial stage of the disease, because ascomata containing asci and ascospores have been observed after winter (Gaponenko et al., 1983, p. 177).

Leveillula duriaei. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Heluta
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
European Part ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Leucas Aspera ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Teucrium Chamaedrys ◽  
Hyssopus Officinalis

Abstract A description is provided for Leveillula duriaei. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Powdery mildew of different plants of the Lamiaceae only. Potentially dangerous for some cultivated medicinal and volatile oil plants, for example, hyssop or clary. HOSTS: Ballota acuta (B. rupestris), B. saxatilis, Calamintha sp., Dracocephalum bipinnatum, D. discolor, D. integrifolium, D. peregrinum, Eremostachys labiosa, E. speciosa, Hymenocrater elegans, Hyssopus officinalis, Lagochilus cabulicus, L. diacanthophyllus, L. paulsenii, L. platycalyx, L. pungens, L. seravschanicus, Lavandula multifida, Leonurus turkestanicus, Leucas aspera, Marrubium alternidens, M. incanum, M. lanatum, M. parviflorum, M. peregrinum (M. creticum), M. persicum, M. praecox (M. pestalozzae), M. praecox × peregrinum, M. propinquum, M. supinum, M. vulgare, Mentha × piperita (M. aquatica × spicata), M. × verticillata (M. aquatica × arvensis), Nepeta coerulea, N. pannonica, N. podostachys, Perovskia scrophulariifolia, Phlomis armeniaca, P. bovei, P. brevilabris, P. caucasica, P. fruticetorum, P. fruticosa, P. grandiflora, P. herba-venti, P. lychnitis, P. maroccana, P. olgae, P. orientalis, P. pratensis, P. pungens, P. purpurea, P. salicifolia, P. samia, P. taurica, P. thapsoides, P. tuberosa, Physostegia virginiana (Dracocephalum virginianum), Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia amplexicaulis, S. bucharica, S. deserta, S. fominii, S. glutinosa, S. limbata, S. nemorosa s.l. (incl. S. illuminata, S. sylvestris, S. tesquicola), S. nutans, S. pratensis, S. verticillata, S. virgata (S. similata), Scutellaria multicaulis, S. przewalskii, S. transiliensis, Stachys parviflora, Teucrium chamaedrys, T. creticum, T. divaricatum, T. krymense, T. orientale, T. polium, T. riparium, Thymus capitatus, T. collinus, T. cotschyanus, T. transcaspicus. [Type species - Phlomis herba-venti] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Morocco, Republic of South Africa, 'Rhodesia'. Asia (temperate areas only): Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia, India, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Lebanon, Russia (southeastern Siberia), Tadzhikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Europe: Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy (including Sicily), Portugal, Rumania, Russia (southern areas of European part), Slovakia, Spain, Turkey (European part), Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. TRANSMISSION: By wind-dispersed conidia. The rôle of ascospores in disease transmission is unknown, although it has been supposed that they can cause the initial stage of the disease.

Sawadaea tulasnei. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Heluta
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
East Siberia ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Initial Stage

Abstract A description is provided for Sawadaea tulasnei. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Powdery mildew of Acer species only. Mycelium, conidiophores and conidia form white spots or thin layers on the upper surface of damaged host leaves. When infection rates are high, plants may lose their ornamental qualities. HOSTS: Acer crataegifolium, A. ginnala, A. glabrum, A. laetum (A. cappadocicum), A. macrophyllum, A. mayri, A. miyabei, A. mono, A. palmatum, A. platanoides, A. stevenii, A. tataricum, A. truncatum, A. turcomanicum, A. ukurunduense. [Type host - Acer platanoides] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (temperate areas only): Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Republic of Georgia, Iran, Japan, Korea, Russia (Russian far east, Siberia), Turkmenistan. Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Rumania, Russia (European part), Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. TRANSMISSION: By wind-dispersed conidia. The rôles of microconidia and ascospores in disease transmission are unknown, although it has been supposed that ascospores can cause the initial stage of the disease.

Phyllactinia mali. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Heluta
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Cydonia Oblonga ◽  
Rosa Canina ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Padus Avium

Abstract A description is provided for Phyllactinia mali. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Powdery mildew of different arboreal Rosaceae, including important cultivated species. Mycelium, conidiophores, conidia and ascomata develop on lower part of leaves without any visible damage. This disease is dangerous for pear seedlings in nurseries only. HOSTS: Amelanchier canadensis, A. ovalis (A. vulgaris), Cotoneaster bacillaris (?), Crataegus brevispina, C. curvisepala (C. kyrtostyla, C. oxycantha), C. douglasii, C. laevigata, C. lindmanii (C. calycina), C. meyeri, C. monogyna, C. nigra, C. orientalis (C. laciniata), C. pallasii, C. parviflora, C. pentagyna, C. sanguinea, C. scabrifolius, C. taurica, Cydonia oblonga, Malus domestica, M. pumila, M. sylvestris, Mespilus germanica, Prunus avium (Cerasus avium[Prunus avium]) (?), P. cerasus (Cerasus vulgaris[Prunus cerasus]) (?), P. padus (Padus avium[Prunus padus]) (?), P. spinosa (?), Pyrus caucasica, P. communis, P. cordata, P. elaeagnifolia, P. lindleyi, P. pashia, P. pyraster, P. pyrifolia, ('P. sativa Fakirova'), P. zangezura, Rosa canina (?), Sorbus aucuparia (?), S. torminalis (?). [Type host -Malus sp.] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Algeria, Morocco. Asia (temperate areas only): Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Cyprus, Republic of Georgia, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia (western Siberia), Taiwan, Turkey, Turkmenistan. Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey (European part), Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. North America: Canada, USA. TRANSMISSION: By wind-dispersed conidia. The rôle of ascospores in disease transmission is unknown, although it has been supposed that they can cause the initial stage of the disease.

scholarly journals Trends in the energy development of the Russian Federation and its Asian regions in the first half of the 21st century in the context of Russia’s energy ties with the countries of northeast Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 05023
Author(s):  
Boris Saneev ◽  
Anatoly Lagerev ◽  
Valentina Khanaeva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
European Part ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Far East

The present paper deals with the role of the Asian regions of Russia (Siberia and the Russian Far East) in the production and consumption of energy resources in the country for the period up to 2050. The focus is on the dynamics and structure of energy resources outflows from the Asian regions of the country to the European part of the country and for exports to European and Asian destinations.

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