scholarly journals Synthesize a Sustainable Supply Chain of Biomass to Electricity via Mathematical Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 2120 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
Chee Yau Hew ◽  
Li Wan Yoon ◽  
Yoke Kin Wan
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chain ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Chp System

Abstract The huge amount of biomass waste and palm oil mill effluent (POME) generated during oil extraction has prompted the need for a more sustainable framework in waste management. Since oil palm biomass waste is rich in lignocellulosic content, it can be potential to be converted into green energy such as bioelectricity via different pathway of processes such as the thermal conversion pathway and biochemical conversion pathway. This study proposes a mathematical approach to synthesise a sustainable supply chain of biomass to electricity by implementing the combined heat and power (CHP) system in palm oil mill. The optimum pathway of supply chain based on the technical, economical, and environmental aspects is generated. The purpose of this approach is to assists the industry players or owners to make decision in choosing the location of the pre-treatment technology, transportation method, location of power plant and configuration of CHP. A generic superstructure is first developed to achieve the objective. Then, a series of generic mathematical equations will then be formulated based on the pathways demonstrated in the generic superstructure. The mathematical equations involve general mass and energy balance, cost computation and carbon emission. The fuzzy optimisation concept will be adopted in this research to trade-off the conflicting objectives (maximize profit and minimize carbon footprint) in order to generate the optimum pathway. A palm oil-based bioelectricity supply chain case study in Selangor, Malaysia is solved to illustrate the presented approach. According to the optimised result in this case study, a total of 3,753.36 MW of bioelectricity can be generated per year. The result proved that the optimum pathway is feasible by comparing with the existing oil palm biomass-based power plant in Sarawak, where only 375 MW of electricity is generated by oil palm biomass. On the other hand, RM 7.25 million per year of net profit is estimated with a payback period of 2.81 years. Moreover, the CHP system is able to achieve 570 million kg CO2 per year.

scholarly journals Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Incorporating High Volume Oil Palm Biomass Waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Nor Hasanah Abdul Shukor Lim ◽  
Mostafa Samadi ◽  
Abdul Rahman Mohd. Sam ◽  
Nur Hafizah Abd Khalid ◽  
Noor Nabilah Sarbini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass ◽  
Oil Fuel

This paper studies the drying shrinkage of mortar incorporating oil palm biomass waste including Palm Oil Fuel Ash, Oil Palm Kernel Shell and Oil Palm Fibre. Nano size of palm oil fuel ash was used up to 80 % as cement replacement by weight. The ash has been treated to improve the physical and chemical properties of mortar. The mass ratio of sand to blended ashes was 3:1. The test was carried out using 25 × 25 × 160 mm prism for drying shrinkage tests and 70 × 70 ×70 mm for compressive strength test. The results show that the shrinkage value of biomass mortar is reduced by 31% compared with OPC mortar thus, showing better performance in restraining deformation of the mortar while the compressive strength increased by 24% compared with OPC mortar at later age. The study gives a better understanding of how the biomass waste affect on mortar compressive strength and drying shrinkage behaviour. Overall, the oil palm biomass waste can be used to produce a better performance mortar at later age in terms of compressive strength and drying shrinkage.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Oil Palm Industry: Challenges and Some Emerging Opportunities for Nanotechnology Development

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhatun Najat Maluin ◽  
Mohd Zobir Hussein ◽  
Abu Seman Idris
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass ◽  
Nanotechnology Development ◽  
Oil Palm Industry

The increase in the world’s oil demand due to the rise of the global population urges more research into the production of sustainable vegetable oilseeds, among which palm oil is the most suitable candidate as it is the most efficient oilseed crop in the world. In an effort to drive the oil palm industry in the areas of food safety and security nanotechnology could offer a sustainable alternative. However, the utilization of nanotechnology in the oil palm industry is still limited. In this review, we aim to encourage the researchers to fully utilize nanotechnology as an alternative solution to tackle the challenges faced by the oil palm industry. Moreover, we also aim to highlight the opportunities for nanotechnology development in oil palm-based related research. The major points are as follows: (1) Nanosensing enables real-time monitoring of plantation status and crop progression, including soil, water and nutrient management, early pest/disease detection, and the spreading of pests/diseases. The use of nanosensing conveniently extends into advanced breeding topics, such as the development of disease-tolerant plants; (2) Nanotechnology could be the answer for the development of integrated management of pest and disease. Active agricultural ingredients can be entrapped or encapsulated into nanocarrier systems to improve their solubility, stability, enhance their efficient delivery to site-specific targets, with longer shelf life, and consequently improved efficacy; (3) Valuable nanomaterials can be isolated and generated from oil palm biomass waste. The utilization of oil palm biomass waste could overcome the issue of the massive production of waste in the oil palm industry and palm oil mills, where oil only accounts for 10% of the biomass, while 90% is comprised of the generated biowastes. (4) Palm oil can be utilized as a green alternative as a capping and stabilizing agent in the biosynthesis of metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles. In addition, nanoemulsion formulations using palm oil in drug delivery systems offer advantages such as low toxicity, enhance bioavailability and solubility of the drugs, apart from being inexpensive and environmentally friendly.

scholarly journals POTENSI LIMBAH PADAT PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT DI PROVINSI RIAU

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rina Novia Yanti ◽  
Ika Lestari Hutasuhut
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Solid Biomass ◽  
Mill Waste

Oil palm plantations produce solid biomass waste, namely replanting stems, midribs, empty fruit bunches (EFB), shells and fruit fibers. In 2018 the area of ​​oil palm plantations in Indonesia reached 14.3 million ha and the area of ​​oil palm plantations in the Riau Province until 2018 was 2.7 million hectares. The availability of oil palm plantation waste in Riau Province, such as waste production in gardens and palm oil mill waste (PKS) needs to be studied further, so that the amount of oil palm biomass waste will be illustrated. The purpose of this study was to calculate the potential for biomass waste from oil palm plantations in the form of replanting stems, midribs, EFB, shells and fruit fibers. The method used in this study is calculating waste based on mass balance and the data were analyzed using linear regression. The results of this study indicate an increasing trend in the amount of waste produced. The most potential amount of waste is oil palm empty bunches (TKKS) of 6 663 956 tonnes per year on average.

scholarly journals Potential of biomass residues from oil palm agroindustry in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 13008
Author(s):  
Dwi Ermawati Rahayu ◽  
Dutarama Nasarani ◽  
Wahyono Hadi ◽  
Budisantoso Wrjodirjo
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Oil Palm agroindustry is growing rapidly in Southeast Asia especially Indonesia and Malaysia. Based on GAPKI data, Indonesia's CPO production 2017 is 38.17 million tons and PKO of 3.05 million tons. Production activities in palm oil agro-industry in addition to producing PKO and CPOl produce solid waste from the plantation and palm oil mill, Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) from the palm oil mill. The biomass waste of oil palm agro-industry comes from activities in plantations in the form of midrib, leaves and palm tree trunks. While from the palm oil mill produced solid waste in the form of palm kernel shells (PKS), mesocarp fibers (MF) and empty fruit bunches (EFB). The waste is classified as biomass residue that can be utilized so that it has added value. Biomass potential in Indonesia can be estimated from the productivity of oil palm. The volume of biomass is 5,5-8%, empty bunches 20-23%, palm fronds 13.5-15%, 15% palm fiber from 1 ton of fresh fruit bunches. The total potential of oil palm solid waste biomass in Indonesia 2017 is 20.07 million tons and POME is 23.7 million tons. The largest distribution of biomass is in Riau, North Sumatra, South Sumatra province.

scholarly journals The potential of biomass waste in Malaysian palm oil industry: A case study of Boustead Plantation Berhad

2021 ◽  
Vol 1192 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
N H S Jafri ◽  
D N Jimat ◽  
N F M Azmin ◽  
S Sulaiman ◽  
Y A Nor
Keyword(s):  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract The oil palm industry is known as the primary producer of biomass in Malaysia. The massive production of oil palm biomass has resulted in a significant waste disposal problem. This study aims to assess the potential of waste derived from oil palm plantations and processing mills to be transformed into value-added products for various applications. The study was conducted on three oil palm estates managed by Boustead Rimba Nilai Berhad using data on the generation rates of fresh fruit bunches (FFB), crude palm oil (CPO), and oil palm biomass waste from 2018 to 2020. The availability of FFB, CPO, empty fruit bunches (EFB) and excess fibers, and palm oil mill effluents (POME) in 2030 was predicted using a forecasting approach, with trend analysis as the tool of choice. From 2018 to 2020, the output of FFB, EFB and excess fibers, as well as POME grew by 16%, 14%, 23%, and 14% respectively. Based on trend analysis, the projection of FFB, CPO, EFB and excess fibers, and POME outputs in 2030 is expected to be 80%, 56%, 92%, and 56% respectively, which are greater than the figures recorded in 2020. The state of the palm oil industry in Malaysia was described in this study and also highlighted the potential of oil palm biomass in various industries and as a source of green energy. Oil palm biomass can be commercialized in a wide range of value-added products.

Optimisation of oil palm biomass and palm oil mill effluent (POME) utilisation pathway for palm oil mill cluster with consideration of BioCNG distribution network

Energy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 865-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai Lip Theo ◽  
Jeng Shiun Lim ◽  
Wai Shin Ho ◽  
Haslenda Hashim ◽  
Chew Tin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Reduction of residual pollutants from biologically treated palm oil mill effluent final discharge by steam activated bioadsorbent from oil palm biomass

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izzudin Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd Ali Hassan ◽  
Suraini Abd-Aziz ◽  
Yoshihito Shirai ◽  
Yoshito Andou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass ◽  
Palm Oil Mill
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