scholarly journals Ultrafiltration Membrane Technology for Oily Wastewater Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 877 (1) ◽  
pp. 012012
Author(s):  
Zahraa N. Mahbouba ◽  
Abdulkhalik K. Mahmood ◽  
Musa H. Alshammari
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oily Wastewater ◽  
Oil And Grease

Abstract Oil and gas sectors generate large amounts of oily wastewater, which is called produced water. In which, it contains high concentrations of hazardous organic and inorganic pollutants. This paper attempts to evaluate the performance and quality of using a polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane (UFM) to treat the produced water of Al-Ahdab oil field (Wassit, Iraq). 8 rectangular flat sheets of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane were used. The area of each is 60 cm2 and pore size about 15 nm used in the experimental work. Prepared UFM is characterized by determining the surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result showed that the UFM indicated high removal efficiency in all parameters and especially oil and grease and total suspended solid but in general it still less than the requirement of water reuse. The results showed that, a combination of a conventional treatment method and UFM technology have higher efficiency than using UFM only.

scholarly journals Oil and Gas Produced Water Reuse: Opportunities, Treatment Needs, and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Cooper ◽  
James McCall ◽  
Sean C. Stokes ◽  
Cameron McKay ◽  
Matthew J. Bentley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Treatment Needs

scholarly journals BIOCIDE SCREENING TEST TO PRODUCE WATER REINJECTION IN THE �X OIL FIELD�

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Zulkifliani Zulkifliani
Keyword(s):  
Produced Water ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Oil Reservoir ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Corrosion Scale ◽  
Oil Residue ◽  
Pseudomonas Alcaligenes ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

Oil field produced water with a high fl ow rate usually contains suspended solid, such as corrosion, scale, bacteria, clay, wax, and oil residue. Biocide is used to reduce viability of bacteria cell in produced water reused for produced water reinjection into oil reservoir. The objectives of this study is to examine anti bacteria activity of fi ve active compound biocides i.e. Glutaraldehide (Biocide-1), Aldehyde-Based and Surfactants (Biocide-2), Glutaraldehyde, Quartenary Ammonium Compounds (Biocide-3), Tetrakis Phosphonium Hydroxymethyl Sulfate (Biocide-4), and Amine Aldehide (Biocide-5) for reduced bacteria cell in produced water in this fi eld. Resulted in this study is general aerobic bacteria group is high contamination at the produced water reinjection. Bacteria isolates identifi ed is Bacillus sp (2 types of isolates) and Pseudomonas alcaligenes. The type of Biocides-2 and Biocide-3 reduced the number of bacteria cells maximal at a concentration of 200 ppm.Oil field produced water with a high fl ow rate usually contains suspended solid, such as corrosion,scale, bacteria, clay, wax, and oil residue. Biocide is used to reduce viability of bacteria cell in producedwater reused for produced water reinjection into oil reservoir. The objectives of this study is to examineanti bacteria activity of fi ve active compound biocides i.e. Glutaraldehide (Biocide-1), Aldehyde-Basedand Surfactants (Biocide-2), Glutaraldehyde, Quartenary Ammonium Compounds (Biocide-3), TetrakisPhosphonium Hydroxymethyl Sulfate (Biocide-4), and Amine Aldehide (Biocide-5) for reduced bacteriacell in produced water in this fi eld. Resulted in this study is general aerobic bacteria group is highcontamination at the produced water reinjection. Bacteria isolates identifi ed is Bacillus sp (2 types ofisolates) and Pseudomonas alcaligenes. The type of Biocides-2 and Biocide-3 reduced the number ofbacteria cells maximal at a concentration of 200 ppm.

Removal of dissolved and dispersed hydrocarbons from oil and gas produced water with Macro Porous Polymer Extraction technology to reduce toxicity and allow water reuse

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick Meijer ◽  
Chris Madin
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Porous Polymer ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
The North

Legislation worldwide and current technologies used in the treatment of offshore oil and gas/condensate produced water are mainly aimed at the removal of dispersed hydrocarbons (dispersed oil). From the beginning of this century, new insights in the North Sea area revealed that specific contaminants in produced water are toxic and their impact on the environment was assessed. This insight was later supported by work in the Philippines. A comparison of water with the same total organic carbon (TOC) levels showed in one case that the unknown toxic content was higher with an unexpected disastrous effect on the biocultures. Overall parameters like biological, chemical and total oxygen demand (BOD, COD and TOC) are of no value in identifying and managing the toxic content of waste and produced water streams. New extraction based technologies such as the Macro Porous Polymer Extraction (MPPE) technology appear to remove dispersed and dissolved toxic constituents and reduce the environmental impact. Industrial applications show a >99% toxic content reduction in produced water streams. A recent application (at Woodside Petroleum’s Pluto LNG project) is described where the ultimate reuse of produced water was as demineralised water in an LNG plant. Emerging potential is presented for floating LNG plants currently investigated in conceptual studies by the oil and gas industry. Finally, fundamental technological mechanisms are presented that are required to meet zero harmful discharge legislation.

Produced Water Reuse for Drilling and Completion Fluids Using Ion Exchange Resins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hind S. Dossary ◽  
Fahd I. Alghunaimi ◽  
Young C. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Bromide Ions ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Completion Fluids

Abstract Produced water is considered one of the largest by volume waste streams and one of the most challenging effluents in the oil and gas industry. This is due to the variety of contaminants that make up produce water. A variety of treatment methods have been studied and implemented. These methods aim to reduce the hydrocarbon content and the number of contaminants in produced water to meet the disposal, reuse, and environmental regulations. These contaminants can include dispersed oil droplets, suspended solids, dissolved solids, heavy metals, and other production chemicals. Some of those contaminates have value and can be a commodity in different applications such as bromine (Br). Bromine ions can be used to form calcium bromide, which is considered one of the most effective drilling agents and is used extensively in drilling and completion operations. This paper aims to highlight the utilization and the new extraction method of bromide ions from produced water to form calcium bromide (CaBr2). The conventional preparation of calcium-bromide drilling and completion fluids involves adding solid calcium-bromide salts to the water, which can be relatively expensive. Another method can involve the handling of strong oxidants and toxic gas to form solid calcium bromide. The novel method outlined in this paper is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way of generating calcium bromide from produced water. The method includes processing the produced water to recover bromide ions. This is done by first passing the produced water through a resin bed, including bromine-specific ion exchange resin, where the bromide ions will adsorb/absorb onto the resin, as shown in Figure-1. The second step involves regenerating the resin with regenerant having calcium cations and water to form calcium bromide. The final stage is generating the calcium bromide in the water from the bed of resin by introducing concentrated CaCl2, forming a concentrated solution of water and calcium bromide. The developed solution will be further processed to give drilling and completion fluids. This novel method constitutes a good example of produced water utilization in different applications to minimize waste and reduce the costs of forming highly consumable materials.

Removal performance of heavy metals in MBR systems and their influence in water reuse

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 894-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Arévalo ◽  
Luz Marina Ruiz ◽  
Jorge Pérez ◽  
Begoña Moreno ◽  
Miguel Ángel Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Spanish Law

The removal performance of heavy metals by two experimental full-scale membrane bioreactors (microfiltration and ultrafiltration) and the influence of activated sludge total suspended solid (TSS) concentration were studied under real operational conditions. Influent and effluent Be, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, Ba, Sn, Sb, Pb and U concentrations were analysed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. An average contamination rate for most of the analysed heavy metals was observed in raw wastewater, resulting in effluents without limitation for reuse in agricultural destinations according to Spanish law. Removal efficiencies up to 80% were obtained regardless of whether microfiltration or ultrafiltration membranes were used, except for As, Mo and Sb. The removal yields of different heavy metals can be strengthened by increasing the activated sludge TSS concentration, mainly at concentrations above 10 g/L.

Kedung Keris Full Well Stream Pipeline Fiber Optic Leak Detection System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Chairunissa ◽  
Deny Kalfarosi Amanu ◽  
Grizki Astari ◽  
Eska Indrayana
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Detection System ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Water Pipeline

Abstract Kedung Keris (KK) is a sour oil field based in Cepu Block, Indonesia. KK field was originally planned to have a processing facility with separate pipelines to deliver crude & produced water, while the gas was planned to be flared. To reduce cost, this concept was changed to a wellpad with full well stream pipeline with new technology of Fiber Optic Leak Detection Sensing System (LDSS) as a key enabler. The fiber optic LDSS functions by leveraging fiber optic cable attached to the pipeline to detect leak as well as intrusion to the pipeline's Right-of-Way through real-time analysis of physical characteristics of a leak and intrusion, such as changes in temperature, pressure, ground strain and acoustics. The implementation of LDSS, together with other safeguards built into the pipeline design, operations and maintenance, allowed the KK Project to eliminate the separation facility at KK wellpad and an additional water pipeline. It also reduces the flaring by billions of standard cubic feet of gas cumulative until end of PSC life as originally all gas planned to be flared. The change of KK Project concept altogether yielded tens of millions of US dollar gross cost savings (~30% of CAPEX + OPEX reduction) following the KK startup in late 2019. The installed LDSS proven to detect leak for up to few meters location accuracy and has intrusion detection capability. KK Project has pioneered the implementation of fiber optic leak detection system for Indonesia oil and gas companies. This work provided further insight to the utilization of such technology in full well stream pipeline where traditional leak detection system implementation will not be acceptable. Consecutively, full well stream pipeline deployment can lead to future CAPEX + OPEX efficiency in facility project design and operation, as well as flaring reduction opportunity.

Technology Focus: Water Management (December 2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 59-59
Author(s):  
Rosa Swartwout
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Sustainable Water Management ◽  
University Of Oklahoma

The United Nations Brundtland Commission defined sustainability as “meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” In the context of this definition, sustainable water management should encompass current management of water resources as well as its potential effect on the future. Sustainable water management in oil and gas is a journey that will need approaches from many perspectives. The highlighted papers illustrate the different perspectives and accompanying complexities that can advance progression toward more-sustainable water management. The approaches are multi-faceted in that they consider technological, environmental, economic, and social needs and responsibility. The papers include issues and challenges in reuse/recycling of produced water, new guidelines to standardize application of risk-based assessments to assess potential environmental impact from produced-water discharge, and a novel certification process for responsible water use. A common thread found in these papers is the understanding driving criteria for current water practices, and measurement of these criteria will enable continual improvement. An example of this is the assessment of the water footprint for production activity in the Peruvian Amazon by Repsol in their journey toward their Blue certification. The assessment of the water footprint provided a benchmark for improvement, which, in turn, highlighted parameters to measure and key areas for mitigation. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 199466 Removal of Residual Oil From Produced Water Using Magnetic Nanoparticles by Jared Theurer, University of Oklahoma, et al. OTC 29791 First Development of Advanced Purification of Produced Water Technology at Greater Sirikit Oil Field by Dissolved Gas Flotation Technique by Nattapong Lertrojanachusit, PTTEP, et al. SPE 200448 Managing Gas-Injection-Induced Excessive Water Production in Tight Oil Reservoirs by Optimizing Operational Constraints by Chi Zhang, Colorado School of Mines, et al.

Performance Analysis of a Novel Compact Flotation Unit

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hayatdavoudi ◽  
M. Howdeshell ◽  
E. Godeaux ◽  
N. Pednekar ◽  
V. Dhumal
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dissolved Gas ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
Efficient Operation

The oil and gas industry produces large quantities of water as a by-product of petroleum production. Discharge specification of produced water requires efficient management and sophisticated technology. Conventional technologies such as those based on gravity separation, cyclonic separation method, filtration techniques, flotation technique, and natural gas/air sparge tube systems are used for treating produced water. However, most, if not all, of these technologies require a large footprint. This problem has created a challenge for the produced water industry, as well as for operators managing the offshore production facilities. Responding to the challenge at hand, Siemens Water Technologies Corporation has developed a novel compact flotation unit (CFU) equipped with a dissolved gas flotation (DGF) pump for treating produced water. The CFU has a small foot print and shorter residence time. The DGF pump is equipped with a unique, dual-sided impeller, which pulls the blanket gas on one side and the produced water on the other. Under applied backpressure, the gas entering the DGF pump dissolves in a portion of a recycled, cleaned water stream. The dissolved gas generates bubbles due to the pressure drop when the mixture of produced water and gas passes through a special valve before entering the CFU. The ratio of the inlet produced water flow rate to the DGF pump output rate plays an important role in optimum separation of oil droplets from the produced water. Besides the above-mentioned ratio, generation of an adequate number and size of bubbles provides another critical key factor in efficient operation of the CFU system. To validate our theoretical approach regarding the controlled forced vortex of the multiphase flow, we performed various tests in the shop facility of Siemens Water Technologies Corporation, as well as on a platform facility offshore Louisiana. We used a response surface methodology technique to analyze the CFU performance data and to generate an optimum surface response for free oil and grease removal efficiency. For optimizing the size of the piping and CFU dimensions, we used the rigorous yet simple principles of the constrained similitude. The free oil removal efficiency results in the shop and field tests, for CFU without the use of packing material, were satisfactory. Additionally, we found that CFU system tests resulted in the removal efficiency of water soluble oil (WSO). We did not expect this additional outcome as the CFU system was not designed to affect the removal of WSO.

Impact of salinity on coagulation and dissolved air flotation treatment for oil and gas produced water

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Younker ◽  
Margaret E. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
Dispersed Oil ◽  
Air Flotation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dissolved Air

Produced water is a major wastewater stream in the oil and gas industry which typically consists of dispersed and dissolved oils, and high levels of salinity. Despite concerns that dissolved aromatics in produced water may be detrimental to marine life, discharge regulations and treatment technologies for produced water largely focus on dispersed oil and grease removal. The purpose of this research project was to investigate coagulation with ferric chloride (FeCl3) and dissolved air flotation (DAF) at bench-scale for the removal of both dispersed and dissolved oils from synthetic and offshore produced water samples, with a specific focus on the impact of salinity on the coagulation process. Coagulation and DAF treatment of the produced water samples achieved high removals of dispersed oil and grease, but had limited impact on dissolved aromatics. The coagulation process in the saline produced water samples reduced dispersed oil and grease concentrations from 100 mg/L to below North American discharge limits (i.e. 30 mg/L in Canada, 29 mg/L in the USA) under all conditions tested, while the effectiveness of coagulation treatment in the fresh water synthetic samples was highly dependent on coagulation pH.

scholarly journals Adsorption as a Process for Produced Water Treatment: A Review

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1657
Author(s):  
Roghayeh Yousef ◽  
Hazim Qiblawey ◽  
Muftah H. El-Naas
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Third ◽  
Natural Adsorbents ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations ◽  
Expected Increase ◽  
Shed Light

Produced water (PW) is a by-product of oil and gas operations, and its production is foreseen to increase in the upcoming years. Such an increase is justified by various entities through their projection of the expected increase in the demand of oil and gas. The treatment of produced water is a significantly growing challenge for the oil and gas industry that requires serious attention. The first part of this review will present the underlying issue of produced water and relevant practices. With adsorption being defined as the least expensive treatment method, the second part will introduce general adsorption principals. The third part will describe the recent applications of adsorption for the treatment of PW with more focus of categorizing the adsorbents as natural and non-natural adsorbents. The main aim of this review is to shed light on the recent research related to PW treatment using adsorption. This is performed to highlight the shortcomings in PW adsorption research and recommend research pathways that can help in developing the field further.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document