Global assessment of genetic paradigms of Pvmdr1 mutations in chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 339-345
Author(s):  
Adel Spotin ◽  
Mahmoud Mahami-Oskouei ◽  
Ehsan Ahmadpour ◽  
Mahdi Parsaei ◽  
Ali Rostami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Asian Clade ◽  
Southwest India ◽  
Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene ◽  
Near Future ◽  
American Clade

Abstract Background Chloroquine (CQ) is generally prescribed as the front-line antimalarial drug of choice to treat Plasmodium vivax infections; however, some clinical CQ-resistant P. vivax isolates have been indigenously reported around the world during the last decade. Methods In this study, P. vivax isolates (n=52) were obtained from autochthonous samples in southeast Iran during 2015–2017. The genomic DNA of samples was extracted, amplified (nested PCR) and sequenced by targeting the multidrug-resistance 1 gene. To verify the global genetic diversity of CQ-resistant P. vivax strains, the sequences of Pvmdr1 originating from Asia and the Americas were retrieved. Results A total of 46 haplotypes were grouped into three distinct geographical haplogroups. The haplotype diversity and occurrence rates of Pvmdr1 976F/1076L mutations indicate that the efficacy of CQ is being compromised in Mexico, China, Nicaragua, Thailand, Brazil (2016), Ethiopia, Mauritania (2012) and southwest India in the near future. The cladistic phylogenetic tree showed that Pvmdr1 sequences isolated from the southeast Asian clade has a partial sister relationship with the American clade. Conclusions The current findings will serve as a basis to develop appropriate malaria control strategies and public health policies in symptomatic imported malaria cases or plausible CQ-resistant P. vivax strains.

Reduce Disease Burden of Human Schistosomiasis in Asia Through Biological Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1118-1132
Author(s):  
Sidra Saleem ◽  
Haroon Ahmed ◽  
Tooba Siddiqui ◽  
Seyma Gunyakti Kilinc ◽  
Aisha Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Neglected Disease ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Near Future

Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease caused by a trematode blood fluke of the genus Schistosoma that belongs to the Schistosomatidae family. It is a neglected disease in different regions of Asia. In this review, 218 articles (between 2000 and 2017) related to the topic were collected from PubMed and Google scholar and reviewed. After thoroughly reading collected articles, due to irrelevant topic requirements, 94 articles were excluded. Articles that have data associated with Asian regions are considered. In Asia, the disease is prevalent in China, Philippines, Indonesia, Yemen, Nepal and Laos, etc. While in Pakistan, India and Bangladesh, the disease is not endemic and very few cases were reported. The disease was eliminated from Japan and Iran. The current review highlights the geographical distribution among Asian countries, transmission patterns, diagnosis, control strategies based on the use of anthelmintic plants and management practices implemented in Asia for the control of schistosomiasis. However, new implementations to treat schistosomiasis in humans should be proved to eliminate the disease finally in the future. This review emphasizes the biological control of schistosomiasis for the eradication of the disease from Asia in the near future.

A Comprehensive Review on Reconfigurable Drones: Classification, Characteristics, Design and Control Technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Saddam Hocine Derrouaoui ◽  
Yasser Bouzid ◽  
Mohamed Guiatni ◽  
Islam Dib
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cluttered Environments ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
And Control ◽  
Near Future

Recently, reconfigurable drones have gained particular attention in the field of automation and flying robots. Unlike the conventional drones, they are characterized by a variable mechanical structure in flight, geometric adaptability, aerial reconfiguration, high number of actuators and control inputs, and variable mathematical model. In addition, they are exploited to flight in more cluttered environments, avoid collisions with obstacles, transport and grab objects, cross narrow and small spaces, decrease different aerial damages, optimize the consumed energy, and improve agility and maneuverability in flight. Moreover, these new drones are considered as a viable solution to provide them with specific and additional functionalities. They are a promising solution in the near future, since they allow increasing considerably the capabilities and performance of classical drones in terms of multi-functionalities, geometric adaptation, design characteristics, consumed energy, control, maneuverability, agility, efficiency, obstacles avoidance, and fault tolerant control. This paper explores very interesting and recent research works, which include the classification, the main characteristics, the various applications, and the existing designs of this particular class of drones. Besides, an in-depth review of the applied control strategies will be presented. The links of the videos displaying the results of these researches will be also shown. A comparative study between the different types of flying vehicles will be established. Finally, several new challenges and future directions for reconfigurable drones will be discussed.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Changes in Plasmodium vivax msp142 Haplotypes in Southern Mexico: From the Control to the Pre-Elimination Phase

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Alejandro Flores-Alanis ◽  
Lilia González-Cerón ◽  
Frida Santillán-Valenzuela ◽  
Cecilia Ximenez ◽  
Marco A. Sandoval-Bautista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Elimination Phase ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Malaria Species ◽  
Over Time

For 20 years, Plasmodium vivax has been the only prevalent malaria species in Mexico, and cases have declined significantly and continuously. Spatiotemporal genetic studies can be helpful for understanding parasite dynamics and developing strategies to weaken malaria transmission, thus facilitating the elimination of the parasite. The aim of the current contribution was to analyze P. vivax-infected blood samples from patients in southern Mexico during the control (1993–2007) and pre-elimination phases (2008–2011). Nucleotide and haplotype changes in the pvmsp142 fragment were evaluated over time. The majority of multiple genotype infections occurred in the 1990s, when the 198 single nucleotide sequences exhibited 57 segregating sites, 64 mutations, and 17 haplotypes. Nucleotide and genetic diversity parameters showed subtle fluctuations from across time, in contrast to the reduced haplotype diversity and the increase in the R2 index and Tajima’s D value from 2008 to 2011. The haplotype network consisted of four haplogroups, the geographical distribution of which varied slightly over time. Haplogroup-specific B-cell epitopes were predicted. Since only high-frequency and divergent haplotypes persisted, there was a contraction of the parasite population. Given that 84% of haplotypes were exclusive to Mesoamerica, P. vivax flow is likely circumscribed to this region, representing important information for parasite surveillance.

scholarly journals Gene Amplification of the Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene of Plasmodium vivax Isolates from Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 2657-2659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallika Imwong ◽  
Sasithon Pukrittayakamee ◽  
Wirichada Pongtavornpinyo ◽  
Supatchara Nakeesathit ◽  
Shalini Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene

ABSTRACT Plasmodium vivax mdr1 gene amplification, quantified by real-time PCR, was significantly more common on the western Thailand border (6 of 66 samples), where mefloquine pressure has been intense, than elsewhere in southeast Asia (3 of 149; P = 0.02). Five coding mutations in pvmdr1, independent of gene amplification, were also found.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal cattle nematodes

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. De Graef ◽  
E. Claerebout ◽  
P. Geldhof
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Sensitive Detection ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Cooperia Oncophora ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Sensitive Detection Technique

Anthelmintic resistance of parasites in small ruminants, cattle and horses is increasing worldwide as a consequence of the over usage of the currently available products. In Belgium, Cooperia oncophora is the most common cattle nematode in which resistance, especially against macrocyclic lactones, occurs. Once resistance has been diagnosed, a change to another drug with a different mode of action is advised. However, effective anthelmintics will be hardly available in the near future. Therefore, it is important that farmers and veterinarians find a balance between achieving good parasite control and the sustainability of their control strategies. In this way, anthelmintic resistance may be delayed, and the effectiveness of anthelmintic drugs may be prolonged. This requires sensitive detection tools. With a sensitive detection technique, anthelmintic resistance can be diagnosed in a very early stage. Hence, the spread of resistance alleles in the parasite population may be prevented. In this review, different diagnostic assays for the detection of anthelmintic resistance are discussed, an overview is given of the current status of anthelmintic resistance in Belgian cattle, and measures are suggested to avoid or delay the development of anthelmintic resistance.

scholarly journals Assessment of Risk Factors of African Swine Fever in India: Perspectives on Future Outbreaks and Control Strategies

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Mousumi Bora ◽  
Durlav Prasad Bora ◽  
Mohan Manu ◽  
Nagendra Nath Barman ◽  
Lakshya Jyoti Dutta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Wildlife Reservoirs ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
And Control ◽  
Near Future

African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important transboundary diseases of pigs. ASF has been identified in India for the first time in domestic pigs from outbreaks reported in two of the northeastern states, Arunachal Pradesh and Assam in 2020. A total of 11 ASF outbreaks in different regions killed over 3700 pigs and devastated the economy of small-scale livestock owners of both the states. Considering the first outbreak of ASF in India, a generic risk assessment framework was determined to identify potential risk factors that might favor future emergence of the disease. Based on the Indian scenario, we considered population density of host, farming practice, availability of biological vectors and wildlife reservoirs, epidemiological cycles, and international trade to analyze the possibility of future outbreaks of ASF and chances of establishment of endemism. On critical analysis of the identified risk factors associated with ASFV transmission, we observed that the risk factors are well preserved in the Indian geography and might participate in future outbreaks, further disseminating the disease to nearby countries. Since no vaccine is currently available against ASF, the domestic and the wild pigs (wild boars and the endangered pygmy hogs native to India) of this region are under constant threat of infection. For the near future, this region will have to continue to rely on the implementation of preventive measures to avoid the devastating losses that outbreaks can cause. The various adaptive control strategies to minimize the risks associated with the transmission of ASF, keeping our views to Indian settings, have been described. The risk-analysis framework presented in the study will give a further understanding of the dynamics of disease transmission and will help to design control strategies and corresponding measures to minimize the catastrophic consequences of ASF disease.

scholarly journals Molecular surveillance of the Plasmodium vivax multidrug resistance 1 gene in Peru between 2006 and 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredy E. Villena ◽  
Jorge L. Maguiña ◽  
Meddly L. Santolalla ◽  
Edwar Pozo ◽  
Carola J. Salas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Molecular Surveillance ◽  
Synonymous Mutations ◽  
The North ◽  
Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene

Abstract Background The high incidence of Plasmodium vivax infections associated with clinical severity and the emergence of chloroquine (CQ) resistance has posed a challenge to control efforts aimed at eliminating this disease. Despite conflicting evidence regarding the role of mutations of P. vivax multidrug resistance 1 gene (pvmdr1) in drug resistance, this gene can be a tool for molecular surveillance due to its variability and spatial patterns. Methods Blood samples were collected from studies conducted between 2006 and 2015 in the Northern and Southern Amazon Basin and the North Coast of Peru. Thick and thin blood smears were prepared for malaria diagnosis by microscopy and PCR was performed for detection of P. vivax monoinfections. The pvmdr1 gene was subsequently sequenced and the genetic data was used for haplotype and diversity analysis. Results A total of 550 positive P. vivax samples were sequenced; 445 from the Northern Amazon Basin, 48 from the Southern Amazon Basin and 57 from the North Coast. Eight non-synonymous mutations and three synonymous mutations were analysed in 4,395 bp of pvmdr1. Amino acid changes at positions 976F and 1076L were detected in the Northern Amazon Basin (12.8%) and the Southern Amazon Basin (4.2%) with fluctuations in the prevalence of both mutations in the Northern Amazon Basin during the course of the study that seemed to correspond with a malaria control programme implemented in the region. A total of 13 pvmdr1 haplotypes with non-synonymous mutations were estimated in Peru and an overall nucleotide diversity of π = 0.00054. The Northern Amazon Basin was the most diverse region (π = 0.00055) followed by the Southern Amazon and the North Coast (π = 0.00035 and π = 0.00014, respectively). Conclusion This study showed a high variability in the frequencies of the 976F and 1076L polymorphisms in the Northern Amazon Basin between 2006 and 2015. The low and heterogeneous diversity of pvmdr1 found in this study underscores the need for additional research that can elucidate the role of this gene on P. vivax drug resistance as well as in vitro and clinical data that can clarify the extend of CQ resistance in Peru.

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae), with emphasis on the Australian section Dendrocoryne, and implications for generic classification

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinta M. Burke ◽  
Michael J. Bayly ◽  
Peter B. Adams ◽  
Pauline Y. Ladiges
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Nuclear Rdna ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Asian Clade ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear rDNA were obtained for a broad range of dendrobium orchids for phylogenetic analysis using parsimony. A progressive approach was used to identify functional outgroups for analysis of all taxa in Dendrobium sect. Dendrocoryne. Our first, broadest analysis confirmed the results of other workers that Dendrobium sensu lato includes a major Australasian clade and a sister Asian clade. In the Australasian clade, the New Zealand species D. cunninghamii (=gen. Winika, Clements et al. 1997) was identified as the sister group to a well supported clade that includes the genera Cadetia, Diplocaulobium and Flickingeria, and Dendrobium sects Grastidium, Latouria, Spatulata, Australorchis (=gen. Australorchis), Rhizobium (= gen. Dockrillia) and Dendrocoryne. Sect. Dendrocoryne is probably polyphyletic, with two species, D. aemulum and D. callitrophilum (=gen. Tropilis), outside the main group and sect. Rhizobium (= gen. Dockrillia) nested within it. Sect. Australorchis (= gen. Australorchis) is possibly the sister group to the clade of Rhizobium plus the main group of Dendrocoryne. Thelychiton (a genus reinstated for several species in Dendrocoryne) is polyphyletic, given that Tetrabaculum (=D. tetragonum complex) and Dockrillia fall within the same clade. The splitting of the Australasian dendrobiums into various genera by other authors is excessive and unnecessary, and alternative taxonomic treatments are offered here for debate. Our study included accessions for all varieties in the following three widespread eastern Australian species: D. speciosum, D. kingianum and D. tetragonum. Each of these species showed significant sequence divergence between particular geographic regions, but some varieties had identical sequences. The splitting of D. speciosum into 11 species is not supported. We identified pseudogenes in the ITS region for D. fleckeri and D. finniganense, which appear to have evolved before these two species diverged, but support their sister relationship. Sequences for D. callitrophilum and D. (Grastidium) baileyi (the latter from GenBank) also appear to be pseudogenes, and these taxa need further study.

scholarly journals Temporal and Microspatial Heterogeneity in Transmission Dynamics of Coendemic Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum in Two Rural Cohort Populations in the Peruvian Amazon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Rosas-Aguirre ◽  
Mitchel Guzman-Guzman ◽  
Raul Chuquiyauri ◽  
Marta Moreno ◽  
Paulo Manrique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Seasonal Transmission ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Malaria is highly heterogeneous: its changing malaria microepidemiology needs to be addressed to support malaria elimination efforts at the regional level. Methods A 3-year, population-based cohort study in 2 settings in the Peruvian Amazon (Lupuna, Cahuide) followed participants by passive and active case detection from January 2013 to December 2015. Incidence and prevalence rates were estimated using microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Lupuna registered 1828 infections (1708 Plasmodium vivax, 120 Plasmodium falciparum; incidence was 80.7 infections/100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] , 77.1–84.5). Cahuide detected 1046 infections (1024 P vivax, 20 P falciparum, 2 mixed); incidence was 40.2 infections/100 person-years (95% CI, 37.9–42.7). Recurrent P vivax infections predominated onwards from 2013. According to PCR data, submicroscopic predominated over microscopic infections, especially in periods of low transmission. The integration of parasitological, entomological, and environmental observations evidenced an intense and seasonal transmission resilient to standard control measures in Lupuna and a persistent residual transmission after severe outbreaks were intensively handled in Cahuide. Conclusions In 2 exemplars of complex local malaria transmission, standard control strategies failed to eliminate submicroscopic and hypnozoite reservoirs, enabling persistent transmission.

scholarly journals Plasmodium vivax multidrug resistance-1 gene polymorphism in French Guiana

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Faway ◽  
Lise Musset ◽  
Stéphane Pelleau ◽  
Béatrice Volney ◽  
Jessica Casteras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document