scholarly journals First Report of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on Seashore Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) in Barbados

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 1018-1018
Author(s):  
P. C. McGroary ◽  
J. L. Cisar ◽  
R. M. Giblin-Davis ◽  
O. F. Ruiz ◽  
E. J. Nangle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
First Report ◽  
Paspalum Vaginatum ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) is a warm-season perennial turfgrass commonly used for golf courses that are grown in saline environments or using saline water for irrigation. However, seashore paspalum is also grown in non-saline conditions due to its low fertilizer and water requirements (2). In Barbados, on a newly constructed golf course, seashore paspalum ‘Sea Isle Supreme’ sprigs were imported from Georgia (United States) and were planted over 2006 and 2007 on greens, tees, fairways, and rough. Golf greens were constructed following the United States Golf Association Green Section (Far Hills, NJ) putting green guidelines. Tees and fairways were constructed using native soil. Two years after the grow-in, the putting greens began to exhibit irregular chlorotic patches, followed by gradual thinning and decline of turfgrass stand density in those areas. Additionally, turfgrass roots sampled from those symptomatic patches appeared to be abbreviated compared to non-symptomatic areas of the greens. A survey was conducted in May 2013 to determine if plant-parasitic nematodes were present coinciding with the observed symptoms, which were similar to those described in a previous report (3). Consequently, two samples were collected from each green with a total of four greens sampled. Each sample consisted of 20 soil cores (15 cm depth × 1.2 cm in diameter) from either areas of the greens showing symptoms or from non-symptomatic areas. Nematodes were extracted from 100 cm3 soil samples using a modified centrifugal-sugar flotation technique (4). No plant parasitic nematodes were present in any of the samples from the non-symptomatic areas. Three genera of plant parasitic nematodes were found in all the samples from the symptomatic areas: Helicotylenchus. Mesocriconema, and Pratylenchus. Nematode populations of these genera averaged 30, 60, and 200 nematodes per 100 cm3, respectively. Populations of the genera Helicotylenchus and Mesocriconema were below the action threshold levels for seashore paspalum used by the University of Florida Nematode Assay Laboratory (1). Currently, no threshold exists for Pratylenchus for seashore paspalum. Conversely, the genera Helicotylenchus. Mesocriconema, and Pratylenchus were found associated with the irregular chlorotic patches but not with the non-symptomatic areas. To our knowledge, this is the first report of plant parasitic nematodes associated with seashore paspalum maintained as putting greens in Barbados. References: (1) W. T. Crow. Nematode management for golf courses in Florida. EDIS. Accessed 31 July 2013 from: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in124 , 2001. (2) R. R. Duncan and R. N. Carrow. Seashore Paspalum: The Environmental Turfgrass. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2000. (3) A. C. Hixson and W. T. Crow. Plant Dis. 88:680, 2004. (4) W. R. Jenkins. Plant Dis. Rep. 48:692, 1964.

scholarly journals First Report of the Spiral Nematode Scutellonema brachyurum on Lilyturf in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Agudelo ◽  
D. Harshman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Population Density ◽  
The United States ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
First Report ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Lilyturf (Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey), an herbaceous plant, is commonly used in landscaping including borders (along sidewalks, driveways, and trees) and mass plantings as groundcover in the southeastern United States. In December of 2009, a soil sample was submitted to our lab for diagnosis of plant-parasitic nematodes from an area planted with lilyturf located on the Clemson University main campus. A high population density (1,220 individuals/100 cm3 of soil) of spiral nematodes (Scutellonema brachyurum (Steiner, 1938) Andrássy, 1958) was found by routine extraction by sugar centrifugal flotation (3). Other plant-parasitic nematodes, mainly ring nematodes (10 individuals/100 cm3) and stubby root nematodes (10 individuals/100 cm3), were present. To verify if high numbers of spiral nematodes were consistently associated with lilyturf, 20 additional soil and root samples were collected from different places on the campus. In all cases, S. brachyurum was found in densities ranging from 680 to 1,600 individuals/100 cm3 of soil (average of 1,210 individuals/100 cm3). The species was identified by morphological characters of females, including well developed stylet (26 to 30 μm long), no spermatheca, no sperm in uterus, tail broadly rounded with 8 to 12 annules between anus and tail, and scutella at anus level. As is commonly the case for this species, no males were found in any of the samples collected. Examination of the roots revealed numerous, small, reddish brown, necrotic lesions, apparently caused by the feeding and penetration of S. brachyurum. Host plant suitability and pathogenicity of the nematode were tested in the greenhouse. Ten nematode-free lilyturf plants grown individually in 15-cm-diameter plastic pots with pasteurized soil were inoculated with 1,000 spiral nematodes each. Ten uninoculated plants were kept under identical conditions as controls. Three months after inoculation, soil population densities were measured and reproduction factors were calculated to be between 2.8 and 5.4 (final population density divided by initial population density) for the 10 plants. Characteristic lesions previously described were observed in the roots of all inoculated plants, along with slight chlorosis of foliage. These symptoms were not observed on control plants. Spiral nematodes may attack the roots and stolons of lilyturf as ectoparasites or they may enter them and feed in the cortex as endoparasites. Although root lesions were common on affected plants, root injury in general was not severe and generalized root decay was not observed on either the collected plants or those from the greenhouse study. Reports on the pathogenicity of S. brachyurum are variable. Moderate damage was recorded on amaryllis and other ornamentals (4), while measurable damage was observed on tobacco (2), with approximately 100 individuals/100 cm3 of soil, and severe damage on Aloe vera ((L.) Burm. f.), with approximately 500 individuals/100 cm3 (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. brachyurum causing visible symptoms on lilyturf. As the interstate and international movement of perennial plants continues to grow, awareness of the host status of potentially harmful nematodes becomes essential information. References: (1) R. P. Esser et al. Nematropica 16:65, 1986. (2) T. W. Graham. Phytopathology (Abstr.) 45:347, 1955. (3) W. R. Jenkins. Plant Dis. Rep. 48:692, 1964. (4) L. Nong and G. F. Weber. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 54:902, 1964.

scholarly journals First Report of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on Seashore Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) in Florida

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 680-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Hixson ◽  
W. T. Crow
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Paspalum Vaginatum ◽  
Home Lawns ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) is a warm-season grass capable of growing in the saline environments present in coastal areas of Florida (2). A major limitation of cultivating turfgrasses in the sandy soils of Florida is the destruction of roots by plant-parasitic nematodes (3). A survey was performed to determine the plant-parasitic nematodes associated with seashore paspalum. Sampling locations ranged from Daytona Beach to Miami Beach on the eastern coast and from Tampa to Naples on the western coast. Soil samples were taken during the spring and summer months of 2002 and 2003 from different golf courses and home lawns. In 2002, soil samples were taken from five golf courses (37 samples) and seven home lawns (17 samples). In the next year, three golf courses (23 samples) and 13 home lawns (34 samples) were sampled. Nematodes were extracted from 100 cm3 soil samples using a modified centrifugal-sugar flotation technique (1). Ten genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were present from the samples obtained from golf courses. In addition, two more plant-parasitic nematode genera were present in samples from home lawns. The genera most frequently detected were Hoplolaimus, Mesocriconema, Hemicriconemoides, and Helicotylenchus, which were found at 100, 100, 88, and 88% of the golf courses surveyed and at 75, 95, 70, and 85% of the home lawns sampled, respectively. Genera Xiphinema, Pratylenchus, and Tylenchorhynchus, were found in less than 30% of the golf courses and less than 45% of the home lawns sampled. Genera Peltamigratus and Hemicycliophora were associated with a low percentage of the home lawns. A moderately high frequency of the genus Belonolaimus present in soil samples from golf courses (50%) and home lawns (40%) was consistent for other grasses grown in sandy soils associated with coastal areas in Florida (4). Populations of the genera Belonolaimus, Hoplolaimus, Helicotylenchus, Trichodorus, Hemicriconemoides, and Mesocriconema were above the action threshold levels for bermudagrass used by the University of Florida Nematode Assay Laboratory. Genera Hoplolaimus, Belonolaimus, and Trichodorus were associated with irregular-shaped yellowing and declining turfgrass areas sampled in this survey. Large populations of Helicotylenchus spp. (>500 nematodes per 100 cm3 of soil) were often found associated with seashore paspalum. To our knowledge, this is the first report of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with seashore paspalum in Florida. References: (1) W. R. Jenkins. Plant Dis. Rep. 48:692, 1964. (2) J. Morton. Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 86:482, 1973. (3) V. G. Perry and H. Rhoades. Pages 144–149 in: Nematology in the Southern Region of the United States. Southern Cooperative Series Bull. 276, University of Arkansas Agric. Pub., Fayetteville, 1982. (4) R. T. Robbins and K. R. Barker. J. Nematol. 6:1, 1974.

Trends in Occurrence, Distribution, and Population Densities of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in the Pacific Northwest of the United States from 2012 to 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga A. Zasada ◽  
Megan Kitner ◽  
Catherine Wram ◽  
Nadine Wade ◽  
Russell E. Ingham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Plant Parasitic

The Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States (Idaho, Oregon, and Washington) is a diverse agricultural production area with over 400 different commodities grown in the region. Plant-parasitic nematodes are a constraint to the production of many of these commodities. Soil sample data from 2012 to 2016 were obtained from nematode diagnostic laboratories in the region to assess trends in occurrence, population densities, and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes in the PNW. A total of 38,022 unique data points were analyzed. The number of plant-parasitic nematode samples processed in the PNW by diagnostic laboratories has significantly increased from 2012 to 2016. Fifteen genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were identified by diagnostic laboratories, with 86% of the samples in the PNW containing at least one plant-parasitic nematode genus. These laboratories provide a valuable service to agriculture in the PNW. Additionally, they serve as a rich source of information on plant-parasitic nematode distribution, occurrence, and abundance that, when analyzed, provides an empirical basis upon which to interpret individual grower reports and make management recommendations.

scholarly journals Spiral Nematode, Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus (Steiner, 1941) Golden, 1956 (Nematoda: Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae)

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Crow
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Grass Hosts ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Spiral nematodes of the genus Helicotylenchus are among the most ubiquitous plant-parasitic nematodes worldwide. Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus is a species common in Florida and the southeastern United States and is frequently found associated with turfgrasses and other grass hosts in the region. On most plants, it is not considered particularly damaging, but recent research has shown that this species suppresses growth of certain turfgrass hosts. Seashore paspalum, a turfgrass used in tropical and subtropical regions, is particularly susceptible to infestation. This 4-page fact sheet was written by William T. Crow and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, January 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in973

scholarly journals Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Attacking Cotton in the United States: Old and Emerging Production Challenges

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Koenning ◽  
J. Allen Wrather ◽  
Terrence L. Kirkpatrick ◽  
Nathan R. Walker ◽  
James L. Starr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

scholarly journals First Report of Subanguina radicicola, the Root-Gall Nematode Infecting Poa annua Putting Greens in Washington State

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 905-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Mitkowski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
First Report

In the fall of 2006, a golf course in Snoqualmie, WA renovated five putting greens with commercially produced Poa annua L. sod from British Columbia, Canada. Prior to the renovation, the greens had been planted with Agrostis stolonifera L. cv. Providence, which was removed during the renovation. In February of 2007, chlorotic patches were observed on the newly established P. annua greens. When the roots were examined, extensive galling was observed throughout plant roots. Galls were slender and twisted in appearance and less than one millimeter long. Upon dissection of washed galls, hundreds of eggs were exuded into the surrounding water droplet and both mature male and female nematodes were observed. Further morphometric examination of males, females, and juvenile nematodes demonstrated that they were Subanguina radicicola (Greef 1872) Paramanov 1967 (1). Amplification of nematode 18S, ITS1, and 5.8S regions, using previously published primers (2), resulted in a 100% sequence match with the publicly available sequence for S. radicicola, GenBank Accession No. AF396366. Each P. annua plant had an average of six galls (with a range of 1 to 8), primarily located within the top 2 cm of the soil. All five new P. annua putting greens at the golf course were infested with the nematode. Additionally, P. annua from two A. stolonifera cv. Providence greens that had not been renovated was infected, suggesting that the population occurred onsite and was not imported from the Canadian sod. S. radicicola has been identified as causing severe damage in New Brunswick, Canada on P. annua putting greens and in wild P. annua in the northwestern United States, but to our knowledge, this is the first report of the nematode affecting P. annua on a golf course in the United States. References: (1) E. L. Krall. Wheat and grass nematodes: Anguina, Subanguina, and related genera. Pages 721–760 in: Manual of Agricultural Nematology. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1991. (2) N. A. Mitkowski et al. Plant Dis. 86:840, 2002.

scholarly journals First report on four species of predatorynematodes, mononchids (Nematoda : Mononchida) from Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Arvind K. Keshari ◽  
M.M. Shah ◽  
R. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
First Report ◽  
Plant Parasitic

A nematological survey was conducted for free and plant nematodes affecting economically important vegetable crops grown in Bhaktapur and Kavre, hilly districts of Nepal with altitudes ranging between 1315m to 1500m which revealed various plant parasitic nematodes along with four species of predatory nematodes belonging to the order Mononchida. These species were Mononchus aquaticus Coetzee, 1968, Iotonchus indicus Jairajpuri 1969, Mylonchulus contractus Jairajpuri, 1970 and Parahandronchus shakili (Jairajpuri, 1969) Mulvey, 1978. The measurements, descriptions, remarks and illustrations along with habitat and locality of these predatory nematodes are provided. These species are the first report from Nepal.

scholarly journals First Report of Pratylenchus fallax on Turfgrass in Ontario

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1331-1331
Author(s):  
Q. Yu ◽  
J. W. Potter ◽  
G. A. Gilby
Keyword(s):  
Main Type ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
First Report ◽  
Corn Roots ◽  
Significant Damage

During 1995 and 1997 surveys of golf courses throughout southern Ontario for plant parasitic nematodes, one Pratylenchus sp. with a heavily sclerotized cephalic area, lip region with three annules, females with spermatheca full of sperms, and crenate tail was found in 13 of 14 soil samples taken from fairways. Males were also found in the samples. Monoxenic cultures of the nematode were established on excised corn roots, each culture started from a single mature female. In cultures, males were common, averaging about one male per five females. Following a comparative microscope study of about 50 specimens (20 measured), the species was identified as Pratylenchus fallax Seinhorst, 1968. Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) was the main type of grass in the fairways surveyed. P. fallax may cause significant damage to turfgrass by directly destroying the roots, and the wounded roots become vulnerable to secondary infection by soilborne pathogens (1). The nematode has been found once in Quebec, Canada, in 1976 (2). This is the first report of Pratylenchus fallax in Ontario. References: (1) S. G. Fushtey and F. D. McElroy. Can. Plant Dis. Surv. 57:54, 1977. (2) P. W. Willis et al. Plant Dis. Rep. 60:207, 1976.

scholarly journals Population Dynamics of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Golf Course Greens Turf in Southern New England

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Jordan ◽  
N. A. Mitkowski
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Southern New England ◽  
Dynamics Of Population ◽  
Phytoparasitic Nematodes ◽  
Turf Soils ◽  
Plant Parasitic

The distribution, frequency, and population levels over time of plant-parasitic nematodes were surveyed on 114 greens from 38 different golf courses throughout southern New England. Sampling took place in the spring, summer, and fall of 2003 and 2004. The predominant genera of phytoparasitic nematodes recovered from soil samples were Tylenchorhynchus, Helicotylenchus, Criconemella, Hoplolaimus, and Heterodera. Tylenchorhynchus and Helicotylenchus spp. were the most common, found in all 38 golf courses sampled. Population levels were significantly higher (α = 0.05) in 2004 than in 2003 for Criconemella, Tylenchorhynchus, and Heterodera juveniles. There was a significant effect of season on population levels of Criconemella, Tylenchorhynchus, and Heterodera juveniles in the 2003 sampling year, and on Helicotylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, and Heterodera juveniles in 2004. Population levels were highest in the fall for all genera except for Tylenchorhynchus, which were highest in the summer for both years. The results of this study suggest that parasitic nematodes are present in relatively high numbers in golf course turf soils in southern New England, and that there are variations in the dynamics of population levels among the different genera found in the area.

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