scholarly journals Neural stem cells induce the formation of their physical niche during organogenesis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Seleit ◽  
Isabel Krämer ◽  
Bea Riebesehl ◽  
Elizabeth M. Ambrosio ◽  
Julian S. Stolper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neural Lineage ◽  
Posterior Lateral Line ◽  
4D Imaging ◽  
Outer Border ◽  
Embryonic Life ◽  
Independent Life ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

AbstractMost organs rely on stem cells to maintain homeostasis during post-embryonic life. Typically, stem cells of independent lineages work coordinately within mature organs to ensure proper ratios of cell types. Little is known, however, on how these different stem cells locate to forming organs during development. Here we show that neuromasts of the posterior lateral line in medaka are composed of two independent life-long lineages with different embryonic origins. Clonal analysis and 4D imaging revealed a hierarchical organisation with instructing and responding roles: an inner, neural lineage induces the formation of an outer, border cell lineage (nBC) from the skin epithelium. Our results demonstrate that the neural lineage is necessary and sufficient to generate nBCs highlighting self-organisation principles at the level of the entire embryo. We hypothesise that transformation of surrounding tissues plays a major role during the establishment of vertebrate stem cell niches.

scholarly journals Neural stem cells induce the formation of their physical niche during organogenesis

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Seleit ◽  
Isabel Krämer ◽  
Bea F Riebesehl ◽  
Elizabeth M Ambrosio ◽  
Julian S Stolper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neural Lineage ◽  
Posterior Lateral Line ◽  
4D Imaging ◽  
Outer Border ◽  
Embryonic Life ◽  
Independent Life ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Most organs rely on stem cells to maintain homeostasis during post-embryonic life. Typically, stem cells of independent lineages work coordinately within mature organs to ensure proper ratios of cell types. Little is known, however, on how these different stem cells locate to forming organs during development. Here we show that neuromasts of the posterior lateral line in medaka are composed of two independent life-long lineages with different embryonic origins. Clonal analysis and 4D imaging revealed a hierarchical organisation with instructing and responding roles: an inner, neural lineage induces the formation of an outer, border cell lineage (nBC) from the skin epithelium. Our results demonstrate that the neural lineage is necessary and sufficient to generate nBCs highlighting self-organisation principles at the level of the entire embryo. We hypothesise that induction of surrounding tissues plays a major role during the establishment of vertebrate stem cell niches.

scholarly journals From blastocyst to gastrula: gene regulatory networks of embryonic stem cells and early mouse embryogenesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1657) ◽  
pp. 20130542 ◽  
Author(s):  
David-Emlyn Parfitt ◽  
Michael M. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mammalian Development ◽  
A Genome

To date, many regulatory genes and signalling events coordinating mammalian development from blastocyst to gastrulation stages have been identified by mutational analyses and reverse-genetic approaches, typically on a gene-by-gene basis. More recent studies have applied bioinformatic approaches to generate regulatory network models of gene interactions on a genome-wide scale. Such models have provided insights into the gene networks regulating pluripotency in embryonic and epiblast stem cells, as well as cell-lineage determination in vivo . Here, we review how regulatory networks constructed for different stem cell types relate to corresponding networks in vivo and provide insights into understanding the molecular regulation of the blastocyst–gastrula transition.

Investigation of the Stem Cells Used in Modeling Human Placental Trophoblast

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Ji ◽  
Lin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Human placenta is vital for fetal development, and act as an interface between the fetus and the expecting mother. Abnormal placentati on underpins various pregnancy complications such as miscarriage, pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Despite the important role of placenta, the molecular mechanisms governing placental formation and trophoblast cell lineage specification is poorly understand. It is mostly due to the lack of appropriate model system. The great various in placental types across mammals make it limit for the use of laboratory animals in studying human placental development. However, over the past few years, alternative methods have been employed, including human embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, human trophoblast stem cell, and 3-dimensional organoids. Herein, we summarize the present knowledge about human development, differentiated cell types in the trophoblast epithelium and current human placental trophoblast model systems.

scholarly journals Expansion and long-range differentiation of the NKT cell lineage in mice expressing CD1d exclusively on cortical thymocytes

2005 ◽  
Vol 202 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Datsen G. Wei ◽  
Hyunji Lee ◽  
Se-Ho Park ◽  
Lucie Beaudoin ◽  
Luc Teyton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Thymic Epithelial Cells ◽  
Nkt Cell ◽  
Extensive Cell ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Unlike conventional major histocompatibility complex–restricted T cells, Vα14-Jα18 NKT cell lineage precursors engage in cognate interactions with CD1d-expressing bone marrow–derived cells that are both necessary and sufficient for their thymic selection and differentiation, but the nature and sequence of these interactions remain partially understood. After positive selection mediated by CD1d-expressing cortical thymocytes, the mature NKT cell lineage undergoes a series of changes suggesting antigen priming by a professional antigen-presenting cell, including extensive cell division, acquisition of a memory phenotype, the ability to produce interleukin-4 and interferon-γ, and the expression of a panoply of NK receptors. By using a combined transgenic and chimeric approach to restrict CD1d expression to cortical thymocytes and to prevent expression on other hematopoietic cell types such as dendritic cells, macrophages, or B cells, we found that, to a large extent, expansion and differentiation events could be imparted by a single-cognate interaction with CD1d-expressing cortical thymocytes. These surprising findings suggest that, unlike thymic epithelial cells, cortical thymocytes can provide unexpected, cell type–specific signals leading to lineage expansion and NKT cell differentiation.

scholarly journals Modeling lung cell development using human pluripotent stem cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Wong
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Lung Development ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Lung Progenitor ◽  
Air Liquid Interface ◽  
First Time

Abstract Human PSC (hPSC) differentiations can capture developmental phenotypes and processes and are useful for studying fundamental biological mechanisms driving tissue morphogenesis and cell lineage development. Here, we show for the first time the temporal development of lung cell lineages using hPSC that model developmental milestones observed in primary tissue, the generation of renewable fetal lung epithelial spheroids, and the functional utility of the lung models at different differentiation stages for Cystic fibrosis disease modeling. We first show the presence of hPSC-derived lung progenitor cells reminiscent of early trimester lung development and containing basal stem cells that generate renewable airway spheroids. Maturation and polarization in air liquid interface (ALI) generates additional epithelial cell lineages found in adult airways including pulmonary neuroendocrine, brush, mature basal, ciliated and secretory cell types. Finally, pseudotime and RNA velocity analyses of the integrated datasets from the fetal and ALI stages reveal previously identified and new cell lineage relationships. Overall, hPSC differentiation can capture aspects of human lung development and potentially provide important insight into congenital causes of diseases.

scholarly journals Oncogenes, Proto-Oncogenes, and Lineage Restriction of Cancer Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9667
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Brown
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mature Cell ◽  
Cellular Gene ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Homeostatic Process ◽  
Epigenetic Events

In principle, an oncogene is a cellular gene (proto-oncogene) that is dysfunctional, due to mutation and fusion with another gene or overexpression. Generally, oncogenes are viewed as deregulating cell proliferation or suppressing apoptosis in driving cancer. The cancer stem cell theory states that most, if not all, cancers are a hierarchy of cells that arises from a transformed tissue-specific stem cell. These normal counterparts generate various cell types of a tissue, which adds a new dimension to how oncogenes might lead to the anarchic behavior of cancer cells. It is that stem cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells, replenish mature cell types to meet the demands of an organism. Some oncogenes appear to deregulate this homeostatic process by restricting leukemia stem cells to a single cell lineage. This review examines whether cancer is a legacy of stem cells that lose their inherent versatility, the extent that proto-oncogenes play a role in cell lineage determination, and the role that epigenetic events play in regulating cell fate and tumorigenesis.

scholarly journals Lineage Decision-Making within Normal Haematopoietic and Leukemic Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2247
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Brown ◽  
Lucía Sánchez ◽  
Isidro Sánchez-García
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lineage Decision

To produce the wide range of blood and immune cell types, haematopoietic stem cells can “choose” directly from the entire spectrum of blood cell fate-options. Affiliation to a single cell lineage can occur at the level of the haematopoietic stem cell and these cells are therefore a mixture of some pluripotent cells and many cells with lineage signatures. Even so, haematopoietic stem cells and their progeny that have chosen a particular fate can still “change their mind” and adopt a different developmental pathway. Many of the leukaemias arise in haematopoietic stem cells with the bulk of the often partially differentiated leukaemia cells belonging to just one cell type. We argue that the reason for this is that an oncogenic insult to the genome “hard wires” leukaemia stem cells, either through development or at some stage, to one cell lineage. Unlike normal haematopoietic stem cells, oncogene-transformed leukaemia stem cells and their progeny are unable to adopt an alternative pathway.

scholarly journals Modeling lung cell development using human pluripotent stem cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Ngan ◽  
Henry Quach ◽  
Joshua Dierolf ◽  
Jin-A Lee ◽  
Elena Nicole Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Lung Development ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Lung Progenitor ◽  
Air Liquid Interface

Human PSC (hPSC) differentiations can capture developmental phenotypes and processes and are useful for studying fundamental biological mechanisms driving tissue morphogenesis and cell lineage development. Here, we show for the first time the temporal development of lung cell lineages using hPSC that model developmental milestones observed in primary tissue, the generation of renewable fetal lung epithelial organoids, and the functional utility of the lung models at different differentiation stages for Cystic fibrosis disease modeling. We first show the presence of hPSC-derived lung progenitor cells reminiscent of early trimester lung development and can capture a population enriched with basal stem cells that generates renewable airway organoids. Maturation and polarization in air liquid interface (ALI) generates additional epithelial cell lineages found in adult lung tissues including pulmonary neuroendocrine, brush, mature basal, ciliated and secretory cell types. Finally, pseudotime analysis of the integrated datasets from the fetal and ALI stages reveal the developmental trajectories of the cells as they emerge during differentiation. Overall, hPSC differentiation can capture aspects of human lung development and potentially provide important insight into congenital causes of diseases.

Multipotential stem cells in adult mouse gastric epithelium

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (3) ◽  
pp. G767-G777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Bjerknes ◽  
Hazel Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Gastric Epithelium ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Mature Cell ◽  
Mature Cell Type

Previous studies of chimeric animals demonstrate that multipotential stem cells play a role in the development of the gastric epithelium; however, despite much effort, it is not clear whether they persist into adulthood. Here, chemical mutagenesis was used to label random epithelial cells by loss of transgene function in adult hemizygous ROSA26 mice, a mouse strain expressing the transgene lacZ in all tissues. Many clones derived from such cells contained all the major epithelial cell types, thereby demonstrating existence of functional multipotential stem cells in adult mouse gastric epithelium. We also observed clones containing only a single mature cell type, indicating the presence of long-lived committed progenitors in the gastric epithelium. Similar results were obtained in duodenum and colon, showing that this mouse model is suitable for lineage tracing in all regions of the gastrointestinal tract and likely useful for cell lineage studies in other adult renewing tissues.

scholarly journals Efficient Generation of Neural Stem Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells Using a Three-Dimensional Differentiation System

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8322
Author(s):  
Sang-Hoon Yoon ◽  
Mi-Rae Bae ◽  
Hyeonwoo La ◽  
Hyuk Song ◽  
Kwonho Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neural Lineage ◽  
Lineage Differentiation ◽  
3D Culture System

Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are useful tools for studying early embryonic development and tissue formation in mammals. Since neural lineage differentiation is a major subject of organogenesis, the development of efficient techniques to induce neural stem cells (NSCs) from pluripotent stem cells must be preceded. However, the currently available NSC differentiation methods are complicated and time consuming. This study aimed to propose an efficient method for the derivation of NSCs from mouse ESCs; early neural lineage commitment was achieved using a three-dimensional (3D) culture system, followed by a two-dimensional (2D) NSC derivation. To select early neural lineage cell types during differentiation, Sox1-GFP transgenic ESCs were used. They were differentiated into early neural lineage, forming spherical aggregates, which were subsequently picked for the establishment of 2D NSCs. The latter showed a morphology similar to that of brain-derived NSCs and expressed NSC markers, Musashi, Nestin, N-cadherin, and Sox2. Moreover, the NSCs could differentiate into three subtypes of neural lineages, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. The results together suggested that ESCs could efficiently differentiate into tripotent NSCs through specification in 3D culture (for approximately 10 days) followed by 2D culture (for seven days).

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