scholarly journals Mitigating the transmission of infection and death due to SARS-CoV-2 through non-pharmaceutical interventions and repurposing drugs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chittaranjan Mondal ◽  
Debadatta Adak ◽  
Abhijit Majumder ◽  
Nandadulal Bairagi
Keyword(s):  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

The Covid-19 pandemic has put the world under immeasurable stress. There is no specific drug or vaccine that can cure the infection or protect people from the infection of coronavirus. It is therefore prudent to use the existing resources and control strategies in an optimal way to contain the virus spread and provide the best possible treatments to the infected individuals. Use of the repurposing drugs along with the non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies may be the right way for fighting against the ongoing pandemic. It is the objective of this work to demonstrate through mathematical modelling and analysis how and to what extent such control strategies can improve the overall Covid-19 epidemic burden. The criteria for disease elimination & persistence were established through the basic reproduction number. A case study with the Indian Covid-19 epidemic data is presented to visualize and illustrate the effects of lockdown, maintaining personal hygiene & safe distancing, and repurposing drugs. It is shown that India can significantly improve the overall Covid-19 epidemic burden through the combined use of NPIs and repurposing drugs though containment of spreading is difficult without serious community participation.

scholarly journals The Influence of User Protection Behaviors on the Control of Internet Worm Propagation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihong Li ◽  
Jinxiao Pan ◽  
Lipeng Song ◽  
Zhen Jin
Keyword(s):  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Sis Model ◽  
Worm Propagation ◽  
Internet Worm ◽  
User Behaviors ◽  
New Findings ◽  
And Control ◽  
User Protection

Computer users’ reactions to the outbreak of Internet worm directly determine the defense capability of the computer and play an important role in the spread of worm. In this paper, in order to characterize the impacts of adaptive user protection behaviors, an improved SIS model is proposed to describe the Internet worm propagation. The results of theoretical analysis indicate that the protective campaigns of users can indeed reduce the worm’s reproduction number to values less than one. But it may not be sufficient to eradicate the worm. In certain condition, a backward bifurcation leading to bistability can occur. These are new findings in the worm propagation model that bring new challenges to control the spread of the worm and further demonstrate the importance of user behaviors in controlling the worm propagation. Corresponding to the analysis results, defense and control strategies are provided.

scholarly journals The Modeling of Redundantly Actuated Mechanical Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaojun Wang ◽  
Bruno Belzile ◽  
Jorge Angeles ◽  
Qinchuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Screw Theory ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Coefficient Matrix ◽  
Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Norm Minimization ◽  
Redundantly Actuated ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Abstract Dynamics modeling is essential in the design and control of mechanical systems, the focus of the paper being redundantly actuated systems, which bring about special challenges. The authors resort to the natural orthogonal complement (NOC), based on an adaptation of screw theory, to derive the dynamics model. Benefiting from the elimination of the constraint wrenches, the NOC offers a simple, systematic alternative to the modeling of redundantly actuated mechanical systems. The optimum actuator-torque distribution is determined via Euclidean-norm minimization; then, by relying on the QR-decomposition, an efficient and robust method is produced to compute explicitly the right Moore–Penrose generalized inverse of the coefficient matrix. The methodology is illustrated via a case study involving a redundantly actuated parallel-kinematics machine with three degrees of freedom and four actuators.

Co-Modeling of Embedded Networks Using SystemC and SDL

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Balandin ◽  
Michel Gillet ◽  
Irina Lavrovskaya ◽  
Valentin Olenev ◽  
Alexey Rabin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Protocols ◽  
System Model ◽  
Embedded Networks ◽  
Control Information ◽  
Embedded Network ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Good For ◽  
And Control

Today, SDL and SystemC are two very popular languages for embedded systems modeling. SDL has specific advanced features that make it good for reflection of the multi-object systems and interactions between modules. It is also good for system model validation. The SystemC models are better suitable for tracing internal functions of the modeled modules. The hypothetical possibility of combined use of these two languages promises a number of benefits for researchers. This article specifically addresses and discusses the integration of SDL and SystemC modeling environments, exchange the data and control information between the SDL and SystemC sub-modules and the real-time co-modeling aspects of the integrated SDL/SystemC system. As a result, the mechanisms of SDL/SystemC co-modeling is presented and illustrated for an embedded network protocols co-modeling case study. The article gives an overview and description of a co-modeling solution for embedded networks protocols simulation based on experience and previous publications and research.

scholarly journals Dynamics of swine influenza model with optimal control

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takasar Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Ozair ◽  
Kazeem Oare Okosun ◽  
Muhammad Ishfaq ◽  
Aziz Ullah Awan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
And Control ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractTransmission dynamics of swine influenza pandemic is analysed through a deterministic model. Qualitative analysis of the model includes global asymptotic stability of disease-free and endemic equilibria under a certain condition based on the reproduction number. Sensitivity analysis to ponder the effect of model parameters on the reproduction number is performed and control strategies are designed. It is also verified that the obtained numerical results are in good agreement with the analytical ones.

scholarly journals Can medication mitigate the need for a strict lock down?: A mathematical study of control strategies for COVID-19 infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsin Ali ◽  
Mudassar Imran ◽  
Adnan Khan
Keyword(s):  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Mathematical Study ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
The World ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

Abstract BackgroundCOVID-19 is a pandemic that has swept across the world in 2020. To date the only effective control mechanisms were non-pharmaceutical interventions, however there have been encouraging reports regarding possible medication in the literature, with emergency approval given to some drugs in various countries.MethodsWe formulate a deterministic epidemic model to study the effects of medication on the transmission dynamics of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19). We are especially interested in how the availability of medication could change the necessary quarantine measures for effective control of the disease. We model the transmission by extending the SEIR model to include asymptomatic, quarantined, isolated and medicated population compartments.ResultsWe calculate the basic reproduction number R0 and show that for R0<1 the disease dies out and for R0>1 the disease is endemic. Using sensitivity analysis we establish that R0 is most sensitive to the rates of quarantine and medication. We also study how the effectiveness and the rate of medication along with the quarantine rate affect R0. We devise optimal quarantine, medication and isolation strategies, noting that availability of medication reduces the duration and severity of the lock-down needed for effective disease control.ConclusionOur study also reinforces the idea that with the availability of medication, while the severity of the lock downs can be eased over time some social distancing protocols need to be observed, at least till a vaccine is found. We also analyze the COVID-19 outbreak data for four different countries, in two of these, India and Pakistan the curve is still rising, and in he other two, Italy and Spain, the epidemic curve is now falling due to effective quarantine measures. We provide estimates of R0 and the proportion of asymptomatic individuals in the population for these countries.

scholarly journals Forecasting the long-term trend of COVID-19 epidemic using a dynamic model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jichao Sun ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Ziheng Zhang ◽  
Shengzhang Lai ◽  
Bo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Transmission Characteristics ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
And Control ◽  
Long Term Trend

Abstract The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has recently been declared as a pandemic and spread over 200 countries and territories. Forecasting the long-term trend of the COVID-19 epidemic can help health authorities determine the transmission characteristics of the virus and take appropriate prevention and control strategies beforehand. This protocol introduced a new model named Dynamic-Susceptible-Exposed-Infective-Quarantined (D-SEIQ), by making appropriate modifications of the Susceptible-Exposed-Infective-Recovered (SEIR) model and integrating machine learning based parameter optimization under epidemiological rational constraints. The model could be applied to forecast the long-term trend of the current COVID-19 epidemic. The parameters obtained by the model could help assess the effectiveness of prevention and intervention strategies on epidemic control in different countries.

Co-Modeling of Embedded Networks Using SystemC and SDL

2013 ◽  
pp. 23-45
Author(s):  
Sergey Balandin ◽  
Michel Gillet ◽  
Irina Lavrovskaya ◽  
Valentin Olenev ◽  
Alexey Rabin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Network Protocols ◽  
Systems Modeling ◽  
Embedded Networks ◽  
Embedded Network ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Good For ◽  
And Control

Today, SDL and SystemC are two very popular languages for embedded systems modeling. SDL has specific advanced features that make it good for reflection of the multi-object systems and interactions between modules. It is also good for system model validation. The SystemC models are better suitable for tracing internal functions of the modeled modules. The hypothetical possibility of combined use of these two languages promises a number of benefits for researchers. This article specifically addresses and discusses the integration of SDL and SystemC modeling environments, exchange the data and control information between the SDL and SystemC sub-modules and the real-time co-modeling aspects of the integrated SDL/SystemC system. As a result, the mechanisms of SDL/SystemC co-modeling is presented and illustrated for an embedded network protocols co-modeling case study. The article gives an overview and description of a co-modeling solution for embedded networks protocols simulation based on experience and previous publications and research.

Experimentation and Challenge

2007 ◽  
pp. 161-175
Author(s):  
Raffaella Sette
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
On Line ◽  
University Course ◽  
And Control ◽  
Real Challenge ◽  
Control Operators

The on-line course on criminological topics carried out in an undergraduate course for “Security and Social Control Operators” (Faculty of Political Science “Ruffilli”, University of Bologna) represented a real challenge for three different reasons: 1) it was inserted in the syllabus of a three year undergraduate course which was the first university course in Italy intended for the training of operators to carry out an activity which calls for being able to manage modern investigative, security and control strategies; 2) it dealt with the teaching of criminology and it is useful to emphasise that, in Italy, criminology has a difficult time freeing itself from similar disciplines (legal medicine, criminal law, sociology, psychology), even while knowing that it has to maintain a good relationship with them; and 3) it dealt with one of the first on-line courses activated at the Faculty “Ruffilli”. The case study describes and critically analyses the implementation of the online criminology course.

scholarly journals Control Strategies to Curtail Transmission of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nita H. Shah ◽  
Ankush H. Suthar ◽  
Ekta N. Jayswal
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control Theory ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) a pandemic and a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. As of 29 March 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected 199 countries and territories, resulting in 683,536 positive cases and causing 32,139 deaths. The pandemic has the potential to become extremely destructive globally if not treated seriously. In this study, we propose a generalized SEIR model of COVID-19 to study the behaviour of its transmission under different control strategies. In the model, all possible cases of human-to-human transmission are considered and its reproduction number is formulated to analyse the accurate transmission dynamics of the coronavirus outbreak. Optimal control theory is applied to the model to demonstrate the impact of various intervention strategies, including voluntary quarantine, isolation of infected individuals, improving an individual's immunity, and hospitalization. In addition, the effect of control strategies on the model is analysed graphically by simulating the model numerically.

scholarly journals Comparison of Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Approaches for the Testing of Smart Grid Controls

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falko Ebe ◽  
Basem Idlbi ◽  
David Stakic ◽  
Shuo Chen ◽  
Christoph Kondzialka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Actual Usage ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
And Control

The fundamental changes in the energy sector, due to the rise of renewable energy resources and the possibilities of the digitalisation process, result in the demand for new methodologies for testing Smart Grid concepts and control strategies. Using the Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) methodology is one of the key elements for such evaluations. PHIL and other in-the-loop concepts cannot be considered as plug’n’play and, for a wider adoption, the obstacles have to be reduced. This paper presents the comparison of two different setups for the evaluation of components and systems focused on undisturbed operational conditions. The first setup is a conventional PHIL setup and the second is a simplified setup based on a quasi-dynamic PHIL (QDPHIL) approach which involves fast and continuously steady state load flow calculations. A case study which analyses a simple superimposed voltage control algorithm gives an example for the actual usage of the quasi-dynamic setup. Furthermore, this article also provides a comparison and discussion of the achieved results with the two setups and it concludes with an outlook about further research.

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