State-of-the-Art Review of Pressure Relief Valve Design, Testing and Modeling

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Petherick ◽  
A. M. Birk
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pressure Relief Valve ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Relief Valve ◽  
Pressure Relief

It is well known that the response of a rail tank car to exterior heating (e.g., fire engulfment) is significantly affected by the operating characteristics of the pressure relief valve (PRV). If the valve jams or fails in some way, it can lead to a violent vessel rupture; therefore, PRV failure modes and mechanisms must be understood. This paper investigates the studies which have been conducted in the area of PRV technology. The original focus of the paper was to conduct a literature search to find the state-of-the-art for the PRV’s which are presently installed on railway tank cars, highway tankers, and stationary LPG storage vessels. When few papers were found which had concentrated on this particular topic, the authors continued the search by considering both the nuclear power and chemical processing industries, where similar technologies are found. The results of the literature search suggest that the PRV’s currently installed on tank cars and highway tankers are based on designs more than 30 yr old. Controlled fire tests and industry’s maintenance programs suggest that PRV’s could be improved. Most experimental studies of PRV’s have concentrated on flow visualization techniques and have not considered PRV dynamic characteristics. The lack of understanding of valve dynamic characteristics has slowed the development of improved PRV dynamic computer models.

Reliability Analysis of Spring Operated Pressure Relief Valve

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyi Bao ◽  
Zhibin Li ◽  
Lijia Luo ◽  
Zengliang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
General System ◽  
Process Industry ◽  
Stochastic Petri Nets ◽  
Pressure Relief Valve ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Relief Valve ◽  
Pressure Relief ◽  
Process Industries

Pressure relief valve (PRV) is an important automatic overpressure protection system in the process industry. Because of the operating characteristics, the performance of PRV is supposed to be proved by the proof test. However, it’s difficult to determine the proof test intervals and the availability of the PRV between two proof tests. Based on stochastic Petri nets (SPN), the reliability modeling and analysis procedure of spring operated full lift pressure relief valve which is the most widely used PRV is depicted in this paper. Firstly, the FMECA method is used to analyze the causes and effects of the typical six failure modes of the PRV, such as vibration, leakage, frequency hopping, unable to open, open before the settings and the low back seat pressure. Second, the corresponding fault tree (FT) models of the PRV are built through the multi-component failure analysis. Third, the SPN models of the PRV are established by employing the logical relations in the FT models. Based on the collected failure data of the PRVs, the steady state and transient reliability index are calculated by Monte Carlo simulation based on the SPN software SPN@. Last, the idea about PRV reliability data collection in domestic process industries is proposed. The result of the reliability analysis can provide the basis for determination the proof test intervals of the PRV, and the proposed procedure also bears significance in its application in the reliability analysis of general system in process industry.

The static and dynamic characteristics of a pressure relief valve with a proportional solenoid-controlled pilot stage

2002 ◽  
Vol 216 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Maiti ◽  
R Saha ◽  
J Watton
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Pressure Relief Valve ◽  
Relief Valve ◽  
Pressure Relief ◽  
Static And Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Good Comparison ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The steady state and dynamic characteristics of a two-stage pressure relief valve with proportional solenoid control of the pilot stage is studied theoretically as well as experimentally. The mathematical model is studied within the MATLAB-SIMULINK environment and the non-linearities have been considered via the use of appropriate SIMULINK blocks. The detailed modelling has resulted in a good comparison between simulation and measurement, albeit assumptions had to be made regarding the solenoid dynamic characteristic based upon practical experience. The use of this characteristic combined with additional dynamic terms not previously considered allows new estimations of internal characteristics to be made such as the damping flowrate. The overall dynamic behaviour has been shown to be dominated by the solenoid characteristic relating force to applied voltage.

Effects of Pressure Relief Valve Behavior on 2-Phase Energy Storage in a Pressure Vessel Exposed to Fire

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252
Author(s):  
A. J. Pierorazio ◽  
A. M. Birk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Pressure Relief Valve ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Relief Valve ◽  
Pressure Relief ◽  
Queen's University

Recent studies have shown that the hazards associated with loss of containment and BLEVEs (boiling liquid expanding vapor explosions) are strongly tied to the energy stored in the liquid phase of a pressure vessel. This stored energy is affected by heat transfer with the surroundings (e.g., fire exposure) and pressure relief valve (PRV) action. Since it would be desirable to minimize this stored energy to reduce hazards, a study was initiated by Transport Canada and Queen’s University to quantify the effect of various PRV parameters on the thermal energy storage of a pressure vessel. A fully automated state-of-the-art test facility has been constructed to perform 2-phase blowdown tests using steam and water. This paper describes the Queen’s University/Transport Canada PRV Test Program and the test procedures and facilities used. It goes on to show some preliminary results from 2-phase testing currently underway to determine the optimal PRV operating characteristics from a hazard mitigation standpoint. The results of this study may be useful for standards-writing bodies to set experimentally determined optimal behavior criteria for PRVs and acceptable tolerances for deviation from this.

scholarly journals 3D Micro-Macro Fluid-Structure Model of Pressure Relief Valve Leak Tightness

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Anwar ◽  
William Dempster ◽  
Yevgen Gorash
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Pressure Relief Valve ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Relief Valve ◽  
Pressure Relief ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Spring Force ◽  
Leak Tightness

Controlling and assessing the leak tightness of a Pressure Relief Valve (PRV) has been a challenge since the original design of the product. With more stringent demands from the nuclear power industry for leakproof PRV’s, closer to the set point, there has been a drive by both industry and academia for a better design method for many known metal-to-metal contacting seal/surface problems. This paper outlines a numerical modelling strategy drawn from industry experience and metrology measurements and investigates the effects of lapping and surface finish on leakage rate. Key influencing parameters of surface form, waviness and roughness are incorporated in the analysis. The numerical approach requires efficient coupling of a non-linear structural Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) solver. This allows the examination of the relationship between deformation of the contacting surfaces, based on the applied spring force, and the resulting micro-flow of gas through any available gaps and the overall leakage to be found. The API527 Seat Tightness methodology is followed to allow leakage rates to be measured and the computational model to be preliminarily validated. Using this model, engineers can adjust and optimise the design of pressure relief valves to find the minimal leakage condition for a given configuration. In addition, the numerical approach can potentially be applied to other metal-to-metal contacting surface components, such as flanges with metal gaskets, and help eliminate leakage.

Optimization of Operation Parameters for Direct Spring Loaded Pressure Relief Valve in a Pipeline System

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunjun Kim ◽  
Sanghyun Kim ◽  
Youngman Kim ◽  
Jonghwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Relief Valve ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Relief Valve ◽  
Pressure Relief ◽  
Computational Costs ◽  
Constant Degree ◽  
System A ◽  
Disk Mass ◽  
Analysis Scheme ◽  
Surge Control

A direct spring loaded pressure relief valve (DSLPRV) is an efficient hydraulic structure used to control a potential water hammer in pipeline systems. The optimization of a DSLPRV was explored to consider the instability issue of a valve disk and the surge control for a pipeline system. A surge analysis scheme, named the method of characteristics, was implemented into a multiple-objective genetic algorithm to determine the adjustable factors in the operation of the DSLPRV. The forward transient analysis and multi-objective optimization of adjustable factors, such as the spring constant, degree of precompression, and disk mass, showed substantial relaxation in the surge pressure and oscillation of valve disk in a hypothetical pipeline system. The results of the regression analysis of surge were compared with the optimization results to demonstrate the potential of the developed method to substantially reduce computational costs.

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